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Electrical Engineering Technology

EET 107
Introduction to Circuit Analysis
# 25
Professor Robert Herrick

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Overview

u Series-parallel model approach

u Ladder circuit - laws approach

u R-2R passive circuit

u R-2R active circuit (op amp)

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Overview

Series-parallel

Thevenin or Norton

Model Approach

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Series-parallel Circuit
Iload
4k 2k
+
180V 4k Rload Vload
4k 2k −

¿ Find the OPEN CIRCUIT voltage

¿ Find resistance the SHORT CIRCUIT current
¿ Find THEVENIN RESISTANCE
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder Network - VOC
0 mA
4k 2k
+ + +
180V 4k 60 V 60 V VOC
4k 2k −
− −

VOC = (4kΩ / 12kΩ) 180V = 60V

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network - ISC
4 k 18 mA 9 mA 2k

ISC
180V 4k
4k 2k

RT = 4kΩ + 2kΩ + 4kΩ = 10kΩ

Isupply = 180V / 10kΩ = 18mA
ISC = 18mA / 2 = 9 mA
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Thevenin Resistance

RTH = RN = ETH / IN

RTH = 60V / 9mA = 6.67 kΩ

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Thevenin Resistance
Or zero the supply and measure at the
output terminals with an ohmmeter.

Circuit
E - replaced by short Ohmmeter
RTH
I - replaced by open

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network - VOC
0 mA
4k 2k

0V Ohmmeter
+
180V 4k VOC
4k 2k RTH −

RTH = 2kΩ + (4kΩ // 8kΩ) + 2kΩ = 6.67 kΩ

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Circuit Models
6.67 k

60V 9mA 6.67 k

Thevenin Norton
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Circuit Model – Load 13.33kΩ
Class – 2 minute quiz – pick your method.
Find load current with Rload of 13.33 kΩ

¿Thevenin model with load, or

¿ Norton model with load, or

¿ Original circuit with load

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder Network – Find IL
Iload
4k 2k
+
180V 4k Rload Vload
4k 2k −

Choose your method wisely.

Rload = 13.33 kΩ
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Overview

Ladder circuit

Laws approach

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network

1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

27V + 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-

¿ Series-parallel circuit
¿ Name - looks like a ladder
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder Network

1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

27V + 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-

Use basic laws to solve for all

currents and voltages !
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder - basic laws approach

Steps
1. Find RT – use resistor reduction
2. Find IT - use Ohm’s Law
3. Find VR & IR - use basic laws

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network - resistor reduction

1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

27V + 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-

3Ω 2Ω 3Ω 2Ω 3Ω

RT = 3Ω Start
here
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder Network - solve I & V
9Α Drop ?
ΙΤ 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

27V +9V-
+ 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-

3Ω

IT = 27V / 3Ω = 9Α Ohm’s Law

V1Ω = 9A * 1Ω = 9V Ohm’s Law

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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Ladder Network - solve I & V
9Α Drop ?
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

27V +9V- +
+
18V 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-
- 3Α
Current ?

V6Ω = 27V - 9V = 18V KVL

I6Ω = 18V / 6Ω = 3Α Ohm’s Law

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network - solve I & V
9Α 1Ω Ι ? 6Α 1Ω V? 1Ω
+9V- + +6V-
27V + 18V 6Ω 6Ω 2Ω
-
- 3Α

I1Ω = 9A - 3A = 6A KCL

V1Ω = 6A * 1Ω = 6V Ohm’s Law

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Ladder Network - solve I & V
9Α 1Ω 6Α 1Ω 1Ω 4Α
+9V- + +6V- + +4V- +
27V + 18V 6Ω 12V 6Ω 8V 2Ω
-
- 3Α - 2Α -

Continue finding the next best I or V !

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Overview

R-2R

Passive

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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R-2R Passive Circuit
16 mA
R R R
A

2R I3 2R I2 2R I1 2R I0 2R

A
R 2R R 2R R 2R R

Start
RT = R here

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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R-2R Passive Circuit
16 mA 8 mAR 4 mAR R
A
8 mA 4 mA
2R I3 2R I2 2R I1 2R I0 2R

A
2R 2R 2R
I3 = ½ (16mA) = 8 mA
I2 = ½ (8mA) = 4 mA Etc.

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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Overview

R-2R

Active

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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R-2R Active DAC Circuit

DAC - Digital to analog converter

1 è 2 è 3 è 4 è 3 è 2 è 1
CD translates to analog sound signal

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis

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R-2R Active Circuit
16 mA
R R R

2R 2R 2R 2R 2R
8 mA 4 mA 2 mA 1 mA Esupply
SW3 SW2 SW1 SW0
VOUT
I3 I2 I1 I0

−Esupply
I3 I32 I321 I3210
1k
8 mA 12 mA 14 mA 15 mA

SW# - digital bits: all SW closed =11112

Find I3210
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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R-2R Active Circuit – Find Vout
16 mA
R R R

2R 2R 2R 2R 2R

SW3 SW2 SW1 SW0 Esupply

−15V
VOUT
I3 I2 I1 I0
15 mA 0V
−Esupply
I3 I32 I321 I3210
1k

V1k = 15 mA × 1kΩ = 15V + 15V −

Vout = 0V − 15V = −15V
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
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R-2R Active Circuit
16 mA
R R R

2R 2R 2R 2R 2R
8 mA 0 mA 2 mA 0 mA
SW3 SW2 SW1 SW0 Esupply
−10V
VOUT
I3 I2 I1 I0

−Esupply
I3 I32 I321 I3210
1k
8 mA 8 mA 10 mA 10 mA

Suppose we changed the switch + 10V −

positions to 1010, what would happen?
Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis
 30
Overview

u Series-parallel model approach

uLadder circuit - laws approach

uR-2R passive circuit

u R-2R active circuit (op amp)

Purdue University  EET 107 - 25 Introduction to Circuit Analysis