NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 8
Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
In case of a developing pipe flow, there is a balance between ----------- forces, ------------- forces
and ------------ forces.
a. Pressure, Viscous, Inertial
b. Gravity, Viscous, Inertial
c. Surface tension, Viscous, Inertial
d. Pressure, Surface tension, Inertial
Correct Answer: a. Pressure, Viscous, Inertial

Detailed Solution: In the entrance region, there is a balance between pressure, viscous and

inertia forces.

QUESTION 2:
For a fully developed pipe flow, the convective acceleration along the flow direction is ----------
a. 0 b. 1 c.2 d. 3

Correct Answer: a. 0.
Detailed Solution: For a fully developed pipe flow, the velocity is uniform along the flow and
hence the convective acceleration is 0.

QUESTION 3:
Darcy’s friction factor for a fully developed laminar flow in a pipe is equal to ----------
16 64 32 4
a. b. c. d.
𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒

64
Correct Answer: b.
Re
 64
Detailed Solution: For a fully developed laminar pipe flow f  .
Re

QUESTION 4:
Law of the wall, valid inside the viscous sub layer, is expressed as -------------
u u* y 𝑢 𝑢 𝑦 𝑢̄ 𝑢 𝜈 𝑢̄ 𝑢
a.  b. ∗ = ∗ c. = ∗ d. = ∗
u*  𝑢̄ 𝜈 𝑢∗ 𝑦 𝑢 ∗ 𝜈

u u y
Correct Answer: a.  *
u* 

Detailed Solution: Law of wall is valid inside the viscous sublayer where the viscous effects
dominate and the effect of turbulence is negligible.

QUESTION 5:
Darcy’s friction factor f is related to the wall shear stress  0 as --------------
8𝜏0 𝜏0 𝜏0 16𝜏0
a. 𝑓 = b. 𝑓 = c. 𝑓 = d. 𝑓 =
𝜌𝑉 2 𝜌𝑉 2 𝜌𝑉 3 𝜌𝑉 2
𝟖𝝉𝟎
Correct Answer: a.𝒇 =
𝝆𝑽𝟐

8𝜏0
Detailed Solution: Darcy’s friction factor 𝑓 =
𝜌𝑉 2

QUESTION 6:
u*
In a pipe flow, the ratio (where V is the average velocity) is related to friction factor f as------
V

𝑓 16 𝑓 𝑓
a. √ b. √ c. √ d. √
4 𝑓 8 𝜏0

f
Correct Answer: c.
8

8 0 8u*2 u f
Detailed Solution: f   f   * 
V 2
V 2
V 8
QUESTION 7:
Eddy viscosity  in terms of Prandtl’s mixing length can be expressed as---------
𝒅𝒖̄ 2 𝑑𝑢̄ 2 𝑑𝑢̄ 2 2 𝑑𝑢̄
a. 𝝆𝑙𝑚 | | b. 𝜌𝑙𝑚 | | c. 𝜌𝑙𝑚 | | d.𝑙𝑚 | |
𝒅𝒚 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

du
Correct Answer: b. l m2
dy

2
 du  du du
Detailed Solution: Equating  turb  l   with  turb  
2
m , we can obtain   l m2
 dy  dy dy

QUESTION 8:
von- Karman constant k is equal to ----------
a. 0.1 b. 0.2 c. 0.5 d. 0.4
Correct Answer: d. 0.4

Detailed Solution: k = 0.4.

QUESTION 9:
The correlations of fluctuations of velocities are ------------ quantities.
a. positive b. Negative c. both d. undefined
Correct Answer: b. Negative quantities.

Detailed Solution: The correlations of fluctuations of velocities are negative quantities.

QUESTION 10:
The time averaged value of the velocity component along X- direction for a flow field represented
⃗ = 𝑢𝑖̂ + 𝑣𝑗̂ + 𝑤𝑘̂is given by ----------------
by 𝑉
1 𝑇 𝑇 1 𝑇 1 𝑇
a. ∫0 𝑢𝑑𝑡 b. ∫0 𝑢𝑑𝑡 c. ∫0 𝑢2 𝑑𝑡 d. ∫0 𝑢3 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
1 𝑇
Correct Answer: a. ∫0 𝑢𝑑𝑡.
𝑇

Detailed Solution: The time averaged value of the velocity component along x- direction (u) is
1 𝑇
given by𝑢̄ = ∫0 𝑢𝑑𝑡.
𝑇
QUESTION 11:

The chart showing the variation of friction factor f with Reynolds number Re and is called ---------
D
diagram/chart.
a. Colebrook b. Moody c. Shield d. Euler
Correct Answer: b. Moody


Detailed Solution: Moody diagram shows the dependence of f on Reynolds number Re and
D

QUESTION 12:
In a turbulent flow in a pipe the friction factor f is 0.016. Estimate the ratio of the shear velocity to
mean velocity.

Correct Answer: 0.0447 (Range 0.040 – 0.050)

u* f u 0.016
Detailed Solution:   *   0.0447 .
V 8 V 8

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