Pakistan Movement:

 The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan was

a political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and
succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the
Muslim-majority areas of British India.
 The movement progressed within India alongside
the Indian independence movement, but the Pakistan
Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that
protected the religious identity and political interests
of Muslims in South Asia.
Two nation theory:

 The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the

Pakistan Movement, and the partition of India in 1947.
 The ideology that religion is the main factor in defining
the nationality of Indian Muslims was used by Muhammad
Ali Jinnah. He called it 'the awakening of Muslims for the
creation of Pakistan'.
Role of Quaid-E-Azam
 Jinnah, whose true political career started from when he joined Muslim
League in 1913,became politically a well known figure by the episode of
Lakhnow Pact (1916) when he was coined as an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim
unity but the events ensuing gave a new shape to the drama of politics in
India.
 The slogan of Hindu-Muslim unity proved short lived. The failure of khilafat
Movement and the Nehru Report classified the Muslims minds from the illusion
of Hindu-Muslim unity.
 But Jinnah who interposed his person by the dint of his initiative and
courage. He become successful in defending the Muslim cause so gallantly
that evil design of Hindus could not achieve them objectives.
 His Fourteen Points (1929) saved the Muslims from the octopus of the
Congress.
Ideology of Pakistan and Iqbal:

 Iqbal was strictly against nationalism. He considered

all the Muslims to be a part of One Ummah. For him,
a Muslim in any part of the world was part of a
brotherly relation. He considered nationalism to be a
coffin for the Muslim Umma.
 Thus, highlighting the limitations and disadvantages
of nationalism, Iqbal gave the philosphy of a "Millat-e-
Islamia" and this philosphy became the basis of
Pakistan's ideology.
Pathway to Pakistan 23 March Resolution :
 The idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of
subcontinent took shape through a process of evolution. It
started with the realization of the fact that the Muslims of south
Asia are quite different from the Hindus and their future in a
democratic India would be at stake 23rd March is observed as
Pakistan Day every year.
 The Muslim League held its annual session at Minto Park in
Lahore, Punjab, that lasted from 22 March till 24 March 1940.
 During this event, the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali
Jinnah and other Founding Fathers narrated the events
regarding the differences between Hindus and Muslims, and
moved the historical resolution that cemented the formation of a
nation-state in South Asia as Pakistan, even though it did not
actually mention Pakistan at all.
cont….
Aims and objects of creation of Pakistan:

 Setting up for a free islamic country

 The main objective of creation of Pakistan was to
establish a free islamic society having its own identity
and government, practicing its own social principles
and religion and inviting the muslim world.
Establishment of Islamic democracy:

 Establishment of Islamic democracy islam has given

an ideal concept off democracy which is distinctively
different from the western concept.
 In Islam democratic system everyone is equal and no
one enjoys a privileged position on the basis of his
social status. One of the main objectives of the
freedom movement was that the Muslims of the sub-
continent wanted a country where the ideal system of
Islamic democracy could be installed.
Cont…

 Islam has given an ideal concept off democracy which

is distinctively different from the western concept. In
Islam democratic system everyone is equal and no
one enjoys a privileged position on the basis of his
social status.
 One of the main objectives of the freedom movement
was that the Muslims of the sub-continent wanted a
country where the ideal system of Islamic democracy
could be installed
Protection of Muslim culture and
civilization:
 The Muslims were always a separate nation because
of their distinctive cultural values and patterns.
 They were easily distinguishable from other nations
on the basis of their social behaviours.
 The Muslim culture, civilization and literature were
the living and proud symbols of the Muslims identity
as a separate and distinct nation. Although the
Muslims lived with Hindus and other nations for
centuries, yet they proudly main tend their separate
image.
Cont

 1.Hindus are the people who follow the practices and

beliefs of Hinduism while Muslims are those that follow
Islam.
 2.Hindus believe in many gods while Muslims believe in
only one God, Allah.
 3.Hindus don’t eat cows while Muslims don’t eat pigs.
 4.Hindus believe in rebirth or reincarnation while Muslims
believe in the separation of the soul and body after death.
 5.Muslims observe many religious practices like the
namaz, roza, and shahadah.
Protection of Urdu language :
 This situation provoked the Muslims to come out in
order to protect the importance of the Urdu language.
 The opposition by the Hindus towards the Urdu
language made it clear to the Muslims of the region
that Hindus were not ready to tolerate the culture
and traditions of the Muslims.
 Hindus began to demand that Hindi should be made
an official language in place of Urdu, and they started
a movement in Banaras in which they demanded the
replacement of Urdu with Hindi.
Establishment of a balanced economic
system:
 The economic condition of the Muslims, before
partition was deplorable. The Muslims were not in a
position to enter in the business and trade because of
biased policy of government.
 After the war of Independence of 1857, the British
Government had banned Muslims entry into
government service.
 The Muslims also lagged behind in the field of
education, the Hindus on the other hand had
advanced in modern knowledge and were in a better
position.
Protection of Muslim image and identity:

 In the United India the Muslims were dominated by

the Hindus in every social field.
 The Muslims were not in a position to compete with
the Hindus because of their backwardness in
education and politics.
 The Hindus had adopted a prejudicial attitude which
blocked all channels to prosperity and progress for
the Muslims.
 The national image and identity of the was in great
jeopardy because of the Hindu hatred and
antagonism
Conclusion:

 Indeed, even as late as June 1946, whatever the political forces and
conditions at work the alternative path of united India was more likely and
more imminent choice, and it was Jinnah alone who made the crucial
decisions that led Muslim India directly to Pakistan within a year that
transferred the possibility of an independent Muslim homeland into actuality.
Thus Jinnah’s person was crucial and actual in the making of Pakistan.
 The whole world acknowledged that had there been no Jinnah there would
have been no Pakistan. And the nation rightfully acclaimed him Quaid-i-Azam-
The Great Leader.
 As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle
for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an
independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the
east and west of the Subcontinent where there was a
Muslim majority.