Akaash Nanda

A.P. U.S. History

Chapter 4
Key Terms
Term: Identification: System under which women were very scarce and did not remain
Chesapeake singe for very long due to the colonists’ thirst to procreate and build a strong,
social structure healthy population
Page: Significance: This lack of immunity to disease etc, led to the value of single women
66-67 and the introduction of financed immigration as employed in the Headright System
Term: Identification: way to attract immigrants; gave 50 acres of land to anyone who paid
Headright system their way and/or any plantation owner that paid an immigrants way; mainly a
system in the southern colonies. The financers also received 50 acres of landing for
financing this passage of another.
Page: Significance: Led to the increase in “Indentured servants” who significantly
67 contributed to the lower-middle class population and also provided a cheap labor
force for wealthy colonists.
Term: Identification: A small introductory living package given to indentured servants
“freedom dues” which included a few barrels of corn, a set of clothes, and sometimes a small parcel
of land
Page: Significance: Acted as an incentive for the poor unemployed in England to come to
67 the colonies as indentured servants. This boosted the colony labor force and fueled
their tobacco economy.
Term: Identification: Typically poor-unemployed men in England who traveled to the New
Indentured World under the finance of another in order to labor for their financer and pay off
Servants their debt.
Page: Significance: Provided a cheap means of labor for the colonists and boosted the
67 landownership in the Maryland and Virginia colonies.
Term: Identification: In 1676, Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who
Bacon’s Rebellion were friendly to the Indians. In the process he torched Jamestown, Virginia and was
murdered by Indians.
Page: Significance: Was an uproar of rebellion and led to the destruction of Jamestown.
Affected the hostility between the colonists and the natives.
Term: Identification: Chartered in 1672 by the government, this company served the
Royal African Co. purpose of shipping slaves from Africa to the New World as an alternative means of
labor to the indentured servants
Page: Significance: Fueled the population of black slaves in the colonies and provided
70 cheap labor to colonists who feared the rebellion of their frustrated indentured
servants.
Term: Identification: middle segment of the forced journey that slaves made from Africa to
“middle passage” America throughout the 1600's; it consisted of the dangerous trip across the Atlantic
Ocean;
Page: Significance: many slaves perished on this segment of the journey. As many as 20
70 percent of the slaves on this journey dies and terrified survivors were auctioned off
in the colonies.
Term: Identification: established for blacks and their children to distinguish the strict
slave codes difference between slave and master. Made children property of master, restricted
black education, and prevented freedom attainment.
Page: Significance: Began conveying racial discrimination in this slave trade system.
72 Outraged black slaves but left them absolutely helpless.
Term: Identification: The rebellious movement of some African American slaves like that in
slave uprisings NYC in 1712 or in South Carolina in 1739
Page: Significance: Most of these uprisings were stopped with little to no damage making
73 the black salves far more manageable than Indentured Servants.
Term: Identification: “first families of Virginia” who made up 70 percent of Virginia’s
FFV/merchant legislature. They were wealthy planters who owned gangs of African Americans.
planters Thrived agriculturally and financially
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Page: Significance: Were a heavy political influence in Virginia and dominated the House
73 of Burgesses.
Term: Identification: Meager farmers who owned much less land and perhaps 1 or 2 slaves.
small farmers They were lower on the social scale and still had to toil hard for making a living.
Page: Significance: Far less powerful than merchant planters in wealth, prestige, and
73 political power. They were eventually matched in population by the black slaves.
Term: Identification: The makeshift church faiths assembled by enslaved African Americans
“Black in the New World.
Christianity”
Page: Significance: Provided a means of assembly and faith for these helpless blacks in the
75 colonies toiling away on behalf of their white masters.
Term: Identification: Typically former indentured servants or still serving their times of
landless whites indenture.
Page: Significance: Eventually diminished as black slaves overtook their populations.
76 These landless whites eventually became utterly meaningless to society.
Term: Identification: Were married very early and encouraged booming reproduction by
New England having children every 2 years until no longer capable.
Women
Page: Significance: Boosted the population size of the New England colony and
76 significantly contributed to a longer life-expectancy.
Term: Identification: Were separate in land ownership to their husbands. They also
Southern Women retained the right to inherit their husband’s land in the case of death.
Page: Significance: Made up for very short life expectancy of males in the south. Provided
77 a means for land retention and preservation by the women of the south.
Term: Identification: New England society grew in a more orderly fashion. New towns were
New England legally chartered by the colonial authorities, and the distribution of land was
settlement entrusted to the steady hands of sober-minded town fathers, or “proprietors.” After
patterns receiving a grant of land from the colonial legislature, the proprietors moved
themselves
Page: Significance: Led to the eventual establishment of organized colonies and a logical
78 political system within and between many of the colonies.
Term: Identification: An assembly in Puritan societies in which adult males would get
town meeting together and vote
Page: Significance: Served as a crucial classroom for democracy in which social issues
79 were discussed and key decisions were made.
Term: Identification: In the 1600's, Puritan preachers noticed a decline in the religious
Jeremiad devotion of second-generation settlers. To combat this decreasing piety, they
79 preached a type of sermon called the jeremiad.
Page: Significance: The jeremiads focused on the teachings of Jeremiah, a Biblical prophet
who warned of doom.
Term: Identification: A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed
Half-Way partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church
Covenant
Page: Significance: It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church
79 from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan
congregations.
Term: Identification: The legal prosecution of 20 individuals in 1692 of which nineteen were
Salem witch trials hanged and one pressed to death for the commitment of “witchcraft”
Page: Significance: Was the first of a large scale witchcraft persecution. These
80 persecutions soon became increasingly directed at property-owning women. Seeded
prejudice and superstitious horrors.
Term: Identification: “to get on, to get honor, to get honest.” This way of life was tested by
The New England protesting soil and required for much struggle which shaped the character of the
Way of Life colonists who settled here. The harsh climate tested its settlers but shaped a society
of determined, dedicated settlers/
Page: Significance: Became a seed for model colonies in the New World. The New England
80 colony was by far one of the most successful in the New World and continued to
thrive for decades upon decades.
Term: Identification: The social structure of the New World Colonies in which men typically
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“Colonial class owned the land, voted in town meetings, and delegated amongst their respective
consciousness” slaves. On the contrary, women bore the children, made the clothes, and cared for
the homely responsibilities.
Page: Significance: This social structure defined the way of life for many New World
82 immigrants who assimilated themselves with the colonies seamlessly.