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Cooling Tower Treatment

Cooling tower’s purpose is to cooldown the warm inlet water. There are fourteen
units of cooling tower at APRIL which four of them placed at Riau Prima Energy (RPE).
They are Cooling tower 1 (capacity of 4 x 875 liter/s), Cooling tower 2 (capacity of 8 x 763
liter/s), Cooling tower 3 (capacity of 8 x 879 liter/s) and Cooling tower 4 (capacity of 4 x
1057 liter/s). These cooling tower categorized as counterflow induced type cooling tower, the
schematics for cooling tower will be shown in Figure X below.

Figure X. Counter flow induced type cooling tower


There are some components inside the cooling tower such as fan and motor, drift eliminator,
filler and basin. Cooling tower fan used to suck the airflow from the bottom of cooling tower
counter the direction of falling water droplets using the electric motor. Drift eliminator used
to captured water droplets entrapped in the air stream that would be lost to the atmosphere.
Filler used to increase the contact area between air and water that passed through the filler
where the heat transfer process occured. Basin used to collected the cooled water following
its transit of the tower and acted as the tower’s primary foundation. The cooled water after
passed through cooling tower has some standard quality parameters.The quality parameter in
cooling water treatment will be shown in Table X.

Table X. Quality parameter in cooling water treatment

Parameter Unit Target


pH 7.5-8.5
Conductivity µs/cm Max 2500
Iron Ppm 1.0
Cl2 Residu mg/l 0.2-0.5
Methylorange Alkalinity mg/l 50-400
Hardness mg/l 50-200

To prevent some problems found at inlet water, some chemicals will be added consist of
phospate that added to prevent corrosion, dispersant or polymer that added to prevent scaling
and biocide that added to prevent microbiological fouling during the process. Corrosion
became serious problem in industrial cooling water systems because it could reduced the
cooling efficiency, increased the operating costs, destroyed the equipments and products, the
worst case could made plant shutdown. Scaling would reduced heat transfer efficiency inside
the cooling tower, the loss of heat transfer efficiency could reduced the production and
highten the fuel costs. Cooling water system are ideal spots for microscopic organisms to
grow. Generally, a temperature range of 21-60 °C and pH range of 6-9 became the ideal
environment for microbiological growth where bacteria, algae and fungi are the most
common ones. Microbiological fouling could cause energy losses, reduced heat transfer
efficiency and could increased corrosion and pitting inside cooling tower.

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