MASTER TEMPLATE Contract - NAA - 31102017

Contract No………… (i)

GCP/AFG/................
Tender#.............

CONTRACT No. ...........

FOR THE IRRIGATION REHABILITATION WORKS

Within the framework of

..............................................................................................................................................

BETWEEN

THE FOODAND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS

&

..........................................................................
Contract No………… (ii)

Table of Contents

PREAMBULE 1
SECTION I: SPECIAL PROVISIONS 2
ARTICLE 1 – CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE 2
ARTICLE 2 – SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE 2
ARTICLE 3 – PARTICIPATION OF FAO 3
ARTICLE 4 – FAO’S FINANCIAL LIABILITY 3
ARTICLE 5 – SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT 3
ARTICLE 6 – LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 4
ARTICLE 7 – INSURANCE 5
ARTICLE 8 – CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES 5
ARTICLE 9 – SUPERVISION OF THE EXECUTION OF THE WORKS 5
ARTICLE 10 – WORK QUALITY 6
ARTICLE 11 – INSPECTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 6
ARTICLE 12 – ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 7
ARTICLE 13 – PRESENCE OF THE CONTRACTOR ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 8
ARTICLE 14 – CONSTRUCTION SITE LOGBOOK 8
ARTICLE 15 – CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF WORKS AND PROVISIONAL

ACCEPTANCE 8
ARTICLE 16 – CLEARANCE OF SITE ON COMPLETION OF WORKS 9
ARTICLE 17 – HANDOVER CERTIFICATE 9
ARTICLE 18 – CERTIFICATE OF DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD AND FINAL

ACCEPTANCE 9
ARTICLE 19 – SUBCONTRACTORS 10
ARTICLE 20 – DESIGNATION OF THE CONTRACT MANAGERS 10
ARTICLE 21 – PUBLICATION OF CONTRACT AWARDS 10
ARTICLE 22 – CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 10

SECTION II – STANDARD PROVISIONS 11
ARTICLE 1 – LEGAL STATUS OF THE PARTIES: 11
ARTICLE 2 – RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES 11
ARTICLE 3 – ASSIGNMENT 13
ARTICLE 4 – SUBCONTRACTING 13
ARTICLE 5 – EXAMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE 13
ARTICLE 6 – DELAYS AND DEFAULTS 14
ARTICLE 7 – TITLE 15
ARTICLE 8 – EXPORT LICENSING 15
ARTICLE 9 – INDEMNIFICATION 15
ARTICLE 10 – INSURANCE AND LIABILITY 17
ARTICLE 11 – ENCUMBRANCES AND LIENS 18
ARTICLE 12 – EQUIPMENT FURNISHED BY FAO TO THE CONTRACTOR 18
ARTICLE 13 – COPYRIGHT, PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS 19
ARTICLE 14 – PUBLICITY, AND USE OF THE NAME, EMBLEM OR OFFICIAL SEAL OF

FAO
ARTICLE 15 – CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OF DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION 20
ARTICLE 16 – FORCE MAJEURE; OTHER CHANGES IN CONDITIONS 20
ARTICLE 17 – TERMINATION 21
ARTICLE 18 – NON-WAIVER OF RIGHTS 24
ARTICLE 19 – NON-EXCLUSIVITY 24
ARTICLE 20 – SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES, CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION 24
ARTICLE 21 – PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES AND APPLICABLE LAW 25
ARTICLE 22 – TAX EXEMPTION 25
ARTICLE 23 – MODIFICATIONS 25
ARTICLE 24 – AUDITS AND INVESTIGATIONS 26
ARTICLE 25 – LIMITATION ON ACTIONS 26
ARTICLE 26 – ESSENTIAL TERMS 27

ARTICLE 27 – SOURCE OF INSTRUCTIONS 27
ARTICLE 28 – OFFICIALS NOT TO BENEFIT 27
ARTICLE 29 – OBSERVANCE OF THE LAW 27
ARTICLE 30 – LABOR 27
ARTICLE 31 – MINES 28
ARTICLE 32 – SEXUAL EXPLOITATION 28
ARTICLE 33 – TERRORISM 28
ARTICLE 34 – PROHIBITED PRACTICES 28
ARTICLE 35 – DISCLOSURE OF SANCTIONS OR TEMPORARY SUSPENSION 29
ARTICLE 36 – COLLABORATION WITH CERTAIN COUNTRIES 29
ARTICLE 37 – INTERPRETATION OF THE CONTRACT 29

ARTICLE 38 – NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS 29
ANNEXES I-X

I. STATEMENT OF WORKS, SERVICES AND SPECIFICATIONS

II. BILL OF QUANTITIES

III. SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE

IV. SERVICES AND FACILITIES PROVIDED BY FAO

V. SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT

VI. STATEMENT OF DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE RESIDENT ENGINEER

VII. DRAFT CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF WORKS

VIII. DRAFT HANDOVER CERTIFICATE

IX. DRAFT CERTIFICATE OF DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD

X. STATEMENT OF SUBCONTRACTORS

X. DRAWINGS
Contract No. …………………… Page 1 of 32

THIS CONTRACT FOR THE provision of works within the framework of:
.......................................................................

BETWEEN:

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (“FAO”), an intergovernmental
organization established on 16 October 1945as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations,
having its headquarters in Rome, Italy, and having an office in (Afghanistan);

AND:
..............................................................., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of
(Afghanistan) and having its principal offices at (Kabul, Afghanistan) (the “Contractor”);

FAO and the Contractor are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Parties”;
WHEREAS:
A. FAO, in accordance with its Constitution, cooperates with governments, civil society
organizations and other partners, to alleviate poverty and hunger by promoting agricultural
development, improved nutrition and the pursuit of food security.

B. FAO wishes to procure the works within the framework of the
............................................................

In support of GCP/AFG............................... project as described in the Contract.

C. By Invitation to Bid (ITB) No. ..................... dated ..........................., FAO invited proposals
for the provision of works for ...............................................................

By bid received on ................................, the Contractor responded to ITB No. .......................,
representing that it is qualified, capable and willing to provide the required works.

D. FAO wishes to engage the Contractor to undertake the works, all on the terms and conditions set
forth in this Contract; and the Contractor represents that it is willing to carry out the works on the
same terms and conditions.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties hereto mutually agree as follows:

SECTION I: SPECIAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 1 – CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE

1.1 The Contractor shall provide the construction works, hereinafter referred to as the “Works”,
and perform the services as set out in the “Statement of Works, Services and
Specifications” and “Bill of Quantities”, attached hereto as Annex I, and Annex II
respectively, it being understood that such works, services and technical specifications are
deemed to include those which, while not specifically provided for in the said Annexes I
and II, are implied by generally accepted usages and standards of the trade and industry.

1.2 The Contractor is responsible, for the purpose of carrying out its obligations set out in
paragraph 1.1 above, for providing at its own cost at the site(s) specified in Annex I, all
necessary, plans, machinery, equipment, supplies, parts, tools, building materials, and
employees, and for executing all necessary construction, erection and installation, except for
such designs, drawings, plans, machinery, equipment, supplies, parts, tools, building
materials, employees, construction, erection and/or installation which may be provided
and/or executed by FAO as set out in Article 3 below.

1.3 The Contractor is also responsible for obtaining at its own cost all authorizations, licenses
and permits which are required to perform this Contract according to the laws, decrees or
regulations of the country concerned, by the deadline(s) for the activity specified in the
Schedule of Contract Performance mentioned in Article 2 below.

ARTICLE 2 – SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE

2.1 This Contract becomes effective upon its signature by both Parties.

2.2 The Contractor shall execute this Contract in accordance with the “Schedule of Contract
Performance”, attached hereto as Annex III.

2.3 The Contractor shall commence the Works on the site(s) mentioned in Annex I within the
period specified in the written order to this effect of FAO’s Resident Engineer, hereinafter
referred to as the “Resident Engineer”, subject to receipt by the Contractor of the relevant
authorizations, licenses and permits mentioned in Article 1.3 above.

2.4 The Contractor shall submit to the Resident Engineer for his/her approval within two (2)
weeks of the date of signature of this Contract by both Parties a detailed work programme
showing the planning of the execution of the Works by the deadlines specified for them in
Annex III, together with full details of the employees and labourers and of the equipment,
materials and supplies the Contractor intends to assign to the execution of the Works.

2.5 The Resident Engineer is authorized to approve extensions of any of the deadlines
mentioned in Annex III except if they are caused by circumstances for which, in his/her
opinion, the Contractor is responsible.

ARTICLE 3 – PARTICIPATION OF FAO

3.1 The Contractor has entered into this Contract in reliance upon FAO’s undertaking to provide
certain services and facilities as set out in Annex IV: “Services and Facilities provided by
FAO”.

3.2 In the event that for any reason the services and facilities set out in Annex IV are not made
available, the Contractor shall immediately advise the Contract Managers mentioned in
Article 21 below and notify the FAO Representative, it being understood that the
Contractor shall not incur expenditures beyond those authorized in this Contract to obtain
the said services and facilities without the written approval of the latter.

ARTICLE 4 – FAO’S FINANCIAL LIABILITY

4.1 FAO’s financial liability under this Contract is limited to a lump sum amount of:

USD ……………….. (……………………………………………….)

Being the total amount of the “Bill of Quantities”, attached hereto as Annex II.

4.2 It is understood that in calculating the amount mentioned in Article 4.1 above the Contractor
exercised appropriate professional judgement and has given full consideration to working
conditions in the countries of Contract execution, including the conditions of the
construction site(s), to the participation in the performance of this Contract by FAO, as
specified in Article 3 above, as well as to the availability of all relevant information and data
required for the execution of this Contract. Therefore, the Contractor shall under no
circumstances be entitled to any payments in excess of the total amount of FAO’s financial
liability as determined in Article 4.1 above unless:

4.2.1 FAO has requested the Contractor in writing to undertake Works and services not
included in Annex I; and/or

4.2.2 FAO has failed to meet their obligations referred to in Article 3 above which has
resulted in identifiable additional costs to the Contractor.

4.3 When the occurrence of one or both of the events in Articles 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 above would
justify that adjustments to the amount mentioned in Article 4.1 above be made, Annex II
shall, where appropriate, be used for determining such adjustments.

4.4 FAO and the Contractor agree that the prices set out in Annex II of this Contract are firm
and will not be increased under any circumstances except as provided for in Article 4.2
above.

ARTICLE 5 – SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT

5.1 In full consideration of the Works executed by the Contractor, FAO will effect payments to
the Contractor, subject to the deduction of the Liquidated Damages mentioned in Article 6
below, if any, in accordance with the provisions of the “Schedule and Method of
Payment”, attached hereto as Annex V.

5.2 Any payment by FAO is subject to receipt at the Office of the FAO Representation of the
following documents:

5.2.1 one (1) copy of this Contract, duly signed by the Contractor;

5.2.2 Original invoices corresponding to the works provided by the Contractor under
this Contract as per conditions set out in Annex V.

5.3 The Contractor shall reimburse FAO in the currency of original payment or in a mutually
agreed currency:

5.3.1 Overpayments made by FAO;

5.3.2 Costs incurred by FAO for the procurement of alternative services due to the
Contractor’s default.

5.4 The Contractor shall be liable for any changes occurring in the cost of materials and labor
during the contracted period.

5.5 The Organization will endeavor to effect payment of the invoices submitted in accordance
with Annex V, within thirty (30) calendar days of the date of their receipt (After deduction of 10%
retention from each invoice which will be paid finally after rendering of the work concerning
liability period of the contract) but shall under no circumstances be liable to pay interest on
amounts not paid within such period. 50% will be released at the signature (without reservations)
of the DLP Certificate after rendering of the work concerning liability period of the contract stating
the quantity of Works completed, accepted and duly certified by the Resident Engineer and FAO’s
Contract Manager mentioned in Article 20.1 of Section I and/or FAO Representative or Authorized
FAO Officer, at the office mentioned in paragraph 5 below, up to a total amount not exceeding:

USD ………………… (……………………………)
ARTICLE 6 – LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
As provided for in Section II, Article 6.5, the Parties agree that FAO may withhold from any
payments due to the Contractor an amount equal to two point five percent (2.5%) of the amount
specified in Article 4.1, above as liquidated damages for each week of delay in the completion of
part or all of the Works, as certified by the Resident Engineer, beyond the deadlines specified for
them in Annex III, provided however, that such liquidated damages shall not in any case exceed ten
percent(10%) of the total Contract amount and it being understood that the withholding by FAO of
the said amount(s) does not in any way constitute a waiver by FAO of its rights under Section II,
Article 6 of this Contract.

ARTICLE 7 – INSURANCE

7.1 Before commencing the execution of the Works and without prejudice to the relevant
provisions of Section II of this Contract, the Contractor shall insure against its liability for
any material or physical damage, loss or injury from whatever cause which may occur to
any property, including that of FAO as well as the Works themselves, or to any person,
including any employee of FAO arising from the execution of this Contract.

7.2 If the Contractor fails to effect and keep in force the insurances referred to in Article 8.1
above, FAO may effect and keep in force any such insurance and pay such premium or
premiums as may be necessary for that purpose and from time to time deduct the amount so
paid by FAO from any moneys due or which may become due to the Contractor or recover
the same as a debt from the Contractor.

7.3 The Contractor shall immediately notify the Resident Engineer of any accident arising from
the execution of the Contract and shall provide full particulars thereof, it being understood
that the Contractor shall be solely responsible for lodging claims with the insurance
company (ies) concerned.

7.4 The Contractor shall submit to the Resident Engineer the receipts of paid premiums
whenever so requested during the period of construction and shall forward, prior to taking
possession of the construction site(s), the policy (ies) of the insurance(s) required by this
Article for approval to:

............................................................

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

ARTICLE 8 – CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES

8.1 The Contractor shall provide all necessary employees and shall be fully responsible for their
employment, work permits, payment and administration in strict conformity with all
relevant laws and regulations, including laws relating to their employment, health, safety,
welfare, immigration and emigration, and shall allow them all their legal rights.

8.2 The Contractor shall be responsible for the professional and technical competence of its
employees and will select reliable individuals who will perform effectively in the
Contract’s implementation, respect the local customs, and conform to a high standard of
moral and ethical conduct. The Contractor’s employees working on FAO’s premises will
comply with FAO’s rules, policies, and procedures regarding conduct, and security.

ARTICLE 9 –SUPERVISION OF THE EXECUTION OF THE WORKS

9.1 Supervision of the execution of the Works under this Contract is the responsibility of the
Resident Engineer or his/her duly authorized representative. The Resident Engineer shall
generally carry out such duties in issuing decisions, certificates and orders as are required
for the satisfactory execution of the Works. It is understood, however, that the Contractor
shall promptly request the Resident Engineer to provide such instructions or guidance as
may be necessary or lacking and that failure to seek such instructions or guidance does not

constitute a valid reason for delays in the execution of the Works or for an execution not in
accordance with the Contract specifications or the standards of the trade and industry.

9.2 The duties and powers of the Resident Engineer are set out in the “Statement of Duties and
Powers of the Resident Engineer”, attached hereto as Annex VI, it being understood that
any modification of the specifications of the Works or of approved final designs or drawings
or plans related thereto, or any modifications of the provisions of this Contract which may
result in additional costs to FAO, do not commit FAO without the written approval of the
FAO Representative to increase FAO’s financial liability as determined in Article 4.1 above.

ARTICLE 10– WORK QUALITY

10.1 The Contractor shall guarantee the quality of its workmanship and follow all instructions
given by the Resident Engineer, shall select qualified skilled persons and personnel with
competence and experience, shall make use of construction materials of quality in
accordance with the technical specifications.

10.2 The Resident Engineer has the right to order the Contractor to remove or demolish any
elements which fail to meet required standard or which the Contractor has concealed or
covered before inspection. Cost for demolishment and reconstruction shall be borne by
the Contractor.

ARTICLE 11 –INSPECTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

11.1 The Contractor’s bid is deemed to have been formulated after having inspected the site(s)
and having obtained all necessary information as to risks, contingencies and other
circumstances which may influence or affect the execution of this Contract.

11.2 In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Contractor is deemed
to have taken full account of the following:

11.2.1 Existing buildings, construction works, cables, pipes, trees, plants, shrubs, etc.;

11.2.2 Surface and sub-surface conditions, load-bearing capacity of the soil, the
existence of rocks, etc.;

11.2.3 The presence and nature of surface and subsurface water and modification of such
hydrological conditions which might result from construction works;

11.2.4 Drops or gradients and slopes;

11.2.5 Meteorological and climatic conditions;

11.2.6 means of access to the site;

11.2.7 Availability of necessary water and electricity;

11.2.8 Availability of adequate space for the storage of building materials.

ARTICLE 12 – ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

12.1 The Contractor shall take all measures necessary for FAO of the construction site(s), at its
own cost, including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:

12.1.1 the establishment of footpaths and builders’ roads, which may be freely used by
the Resident Engineer and his/her authorized agents or assistants and such other
enterprises or firms as may be called upon to assist in construction works on the
same site;

12.1.2 The setting out of the buildings which entails the use of alignments and levelling;

12.1.3 The availability of water for construction works, drinking water, and electricity
for the construction works;

12.1.4 The provision of fencing, lighting, signposts, cleaning, night-watchman services
and repairs of the construction site;

12.1.5 The renting of additional space for the storage of building equipment, materials
and related implements for the Works if the construction site is inadequate for
such purposes.

12.2 The Contractor shall take all such measures as are necessary to prevent the occurrence of
accidents caused or occasioned by the execution of the Works. The Contractor is
responsible for any accident or damage caused to persons, property, public and private
roads and highways and constructional work arising from the transport of machinery or
equipment, building materials and supplies.

12.3 For the duration of the construction works, the Contractor shall ensure that no unnecessary
interference with traffic is caused by operations necessary for the execution of the Works.

12.4 The construction site shall be adequately provided with signposts and warning signals, both
by day and by night. The plan of signs and signals envisaged for the site requires the prior
approval of the Resident Engineer before their installation.

12.5 Such costs as may be incurred by the Contractor in implementing the provisions of this
Article are borne by the Contractor.

12.6 The Contractor shall permanently keep on each site, all such instruments, tools and
equipment as may be required by the Resident Engineer for the testing of materials and
samples at the cost of the Contractor.

12.7 Failure by the Contractor to observe the provisions of Article 13.6 above shall entitle the
Resident Engineer to purchase such instruments or equipment as may be necessary and the
cost thereof shall be deducted from sums due to the Contractor.

ARTICLE 13 –PRESENCE OF THE CONTRACTOR ON THE CONSTRUCTION
SITE

13.1 Within 7 days of signature of this Contract by the Parties, the Contractor shall submit to the
Resident Engineer, for approval, the designation of its representative who shall be
empowered to conduct the execution of the Works and represent the Contractor in relations
with the Resident Engineer. The designation of a representative by the Contractor shall not
relieve the Contractor of its obligations under the present Contract.

13.2 The Contractor or its representative shall attend all meetings convened by the Resident
Engineer on the construction site. The Contractor’s representative shall be empowered to
provide the necessary instructions forthwith to the Contractor’s employees.

ARTICLE 14 – CONSTRUCTION SITE LOGBOOK

14.1 On each construction site, the Contractor shall maintain a logbook for the recording, upon
each visit to the site, and at least on a biweekly basis, of the following:

14.1.1 Deliveries to the construction site of machinery, equipment, building materials
and supplies;

14.1.2 Quantities of work executed and quantities of materials and supplies employed
therefore;

14.1.3 Decisions, instructions, observations and recommendations of the Resident
Engineer;

14.1.4 Important facts or events which are likely to influence the progress of the Works;

14.1.5 Presence of construction equipment, tools, vehicles and labor.

14.2 The Resident Engineer shall provide the Contractor with the necessary guidance for
maintaining the logbook which should have two detachable copies for each original page.

14.3 The site logbook shall be made available to the Resident Engineer upon his/her request and
should, therefore, be kept permanently on the site. Upon completion of the Works the
logbook shall be handed over to the Resident Engineer.

ARTICLE 15 –CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF WORKSAND PROVISIONAL
ACCEPTANCE

I. 15.1 When the whole of the Works is substantially completed in accordance with the
provisions of this Contract, the Contractor may give notice to that effect in writing to the
Resident Engineer. Within 7 days of the receipt of such notice, the Resident Engineer shall
either issue a Certificate of Completion of Works, stating the date on which the Works were
so completed, or give the Contractor instructions in writing stating all Works which, in the
opinion of the Resident Engineer, have to be completed by the Contractor before the
issuance of such Certificate, according to the conditions set forth in Annex VII: “Draft
Certificate of Completion of Works”.

15.2 The date of completion of the Works stated in the Certificate of Completion of Works is the
operative date for the computation of delays and liquidated damages where necessary and of
the beginning of the Defects Liability Period mentioned in Article 18 below.

ARTICLE 16 – CLEARANCE OF SITE ON COMPLETION OF WORKS

Within 7days of completion of the works, the Contractor shall clear away and remove from the
site(s) all surplus materials, rubbish and temporary works of every kind and leave the whole of
the site(s) and works clean and in a workmanlike condition to the satisfaction of the Resident
Engineer. failure by the Contractor to clean the site will cause FAO to do so at the expense of the
Contractor.

ARTICLE 17 – HANDOVER CERTIFICATE

Upon satisfactory acceptance of the execution and completion of the works referred to in Article 16
above, FAO relinquishes control of the site and returns all responsibilities to the (Name of
government entity receiving the works) by means of the signature of the Handover Certificate
which should be drafted in accordance the text of Annex VIII: “Draft Handover Certificate”.

ARTICLE 18 – CERTIFICATE OF DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIODAND FINAL
ACCEPTANCE

18.1 For the purpose of this Contract, “Defects Liability Period” means a period of 1 year as
from the date of completion of the Works stated in the Certificate of Completion of Works
mentioned in Article 16 above.

18.2 During the Defects Liability Period the Contractor shall execute, at its own cost, all repairs,
reconstructions, rectifications and/or make good all defects of the Works, fair wear and tear
excepted, which are required in writing by the Resident Engineer and are, in his/her opinion,
attributable to circumstances for which the Contractor is responsible.

18.3 Upon completion of the Defects Liability Period, the Resident Engineer issues a Certificate
of Defects Liability Period stating that the Works, except for fair wear and tear, have been
completed and repaired to his/her satisfaction. If the Resident Engineer decides that he/she is
unable to issue the Certificate of Defects Liability Period, the Contractor shall complete, as
soon as possible and at its own cost, all such repairs as may be required in writing by the
Resident Engineer. If repairs are carried out by the Contractor during the Defects Liability
Period the Resident Engineer decides whether a new Defects Liability Period of (2 months
if required) days shall commence as from the date of completion of such repairs as certified
by the Resident Engineer.

18.4 “Defects” as used in this Article shall mean any deficiency, omission, imperfection, error,
flaw, shrinkage or other fault in the quality of the Works, fair wear and tear excepted.

18.5 The Certificate of Defects Liability Period shall generally follow the text of the “Draft
Certificate of Defects Liability Period” attached hereto as Annex IX.

ARTICLE 19 – SUBCONTRACTORS

19.1 The Contractor shall not subcontract part of the Works to other companies except in
special cases where the particular work requires expertise and technical skills, which
cannot be performed by the Contractor. In this case, the Contractor shall submit the
names and profile (or past experiences) of the subcontracted company, indicated in
Annex X: “Statement of Subcontractors”, to the Resident Engineer for consideration
and final approval by FAO. FAO shall approve only if the said company meets
requirements for subcontracting the particular work.

19.2 The Contractor shall perform its obligation to FAO and be responsible for the quality of
the work assigned including all negligence, which may be caused by the subcontractor
due to its misbehaviour or by that of its employees.

ARTICLE 20–DESIGNATION OF THE CONTRACT MANAGERS

For the purpose of the performance of this Contract, the following persons have been designated by
the Parties to represent them as far as their own individual competence and qualifications are
concerned. It is understood that any decisions by such Contract Managers which would increase or
decrease FAO’s financial liability as set out in Article 4.1 above will only be binding on FAO if
they are the subject of a formal amendment to this Contract, duly signed by the FAO
Representative.

20.1 FAO has designated as its Contract Manager the following person/s:

..........................................

20.2 The Contractor has designated as its Contract Manager the following person/s:

.........................................

ARTICLE 21 – PUBLICATION OF CONTRACT AWARDS

FAO reserves the right to publish the Contractor’s name and country, the total Contract value and a
brief description of the works or services provided under this Contract.

ARTICLE 22– CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

Only and exclusively the documents set out below are considered to be an integral part of this
Contract:

22.1 Sections I and II consisting of pages 1 through 32; and

22.2 Annexes I through XI.

SECTION II – STANDARD PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 1 – LEGAL STATUS OF THE PARTIES

1.1 Pursuant, inter alia, to the FAO Constitution and the Convention on the Privileges and
Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, FAO has full juridical personality and enjoys
such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent fulfillment of its
purposes.

1.2 The Contractor shall have the legal status of an independent contractor vis-à-vis FAO,
and it shall be fully responsible, in particular, for the acts or omissions of its personnel,
agents, or other representatives. Nothing contained in or relating to the Contract shall be
construed as establishing or creating between the Parties the relationship of employer and
employee or of principal and agent. The officials, representatives, employees, or
subcontractors of each of the Parties shall not be considered in any respect as being the
employees or agents of the other Party.

ARTICLE 2 – RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES

To the extent that the Contract involves the provision of any services to FAO by the Contractor’s
officials, employees, agents, servants, subcontractors and other representatives (collectively, the
Contractor’s “personnel”), the following provisions shall apply:

2.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for the professional and technical competence of the
personnel it assigns to perform work under the Contract and will select reliable and
competent individuals who will be able to effectively perform the obligations under the
Contract and who, while doing so, will respect the local laws and customs and conform to
a high standard of moral and ethical conduct.

2.2 Such Contractor personnel shall be professionally qualified and, if required to work with
officials or staff of FAO, shall be able to do so effectively. The qualifications of any
personnel whom the Contractor may assign or may propose to assign to perform any
obligations under the Contract shall be substantially the same, or better, as the
qualifications of any personnel originally proposed by the Contractor.

2.3 At the option of and in the sole discretion of FAO:

2.3.1 The qualifications of personnel proposed by the Contractor (e.g., curriculum
vitae) may be reviewed by FAO prior to such personnel’s performing any
obligations under the Contract;

2.3.2 Any personnel proposed by the Contractor to perform obligations under the
Contract may be interviewed by qualified staff or officials of FAO prior to such
personnel’s performing any obligations under the Contract; and,

2.3.3 In cases in which, pursuant to Articles 2.3.1 or 2.3.2, above, FAO has reviewed
the qualifications of such Contractor’s personnel, FAO may reasonably refuse to
accept any such personnel.

2.4 Requirements specified in the Contract regarding the number or qualifications of the
Contractor’s personnel may change during the course of performance of the Contract.
Any such change shall be made only following written notice of such proposed change
and upon written agreement between the Parties regarding such change, subject to the
following:

2.4.1 FAO may, at any time, request, in writing, the withdrawal or replacement of any
of the Contractor’s personnel, and such request shall not be unreasonably refused
by the Contractor.

2.4.2 Any of the Contractor’s personnel assigned to perform obligations under the
Contract shall not be withdrawn or replaced without the prior written consent of
FAO, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

2.4.3 The withdrawal or replacement of the Contractor’s personnel shall be carried out
as quickly as possible and in a manner that will not adversely affect the
performance of obligations under the Contract.

2.4.4 All expenses related to the withdrawal or replacement of the Contractor’s
personnel shall, in all cases, be borne exclusively by the Contractor.

2.4.5 Any request by FAO for the withdrawal or replacement of the Contractor’s
personnel shall not be considered to be a termination, in whole or in part, of the
Contract, and FAO shall not bear any liability in respect of such withdrawn or
replaced personnel.

2.5 Nothing in Articles 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4above, shall be construed to create any obligations on
the part of FAO with respect to the Contractor’s personnel assigned to perform work
under the Contract, and such personnel shall remain the sole responsibility of the
Contractor.

2.6 The Contractor shall be responsible for requiring that all personnel assigned by it to
perform any obligations under the Contract and who may have access to any premises or
other property of FAO shall:

2.6.1 Undergo or comply with security screening requirements made known to the
Contractor by FAO, including but not limited to, a review of any criminal history;

2.6.2 When, within FAO premises or on FAO property, display such identification as
may be approved and furnished by FAO security officials, and that upon the
withdrawal or replacement of any such personnel or upon termination or
completion of the Contract, such personnel shall immediately return any such
identification to FAO for cancellation.

2.7 Within one (1) working day after learning that any of Contractor’s personnel who have
access to any FAO premises have been charged by law enforcement authorities with an
offense other than a minor traffic offense, the Contractor shall provide written notice to
inform FAO about the particulars of the charges then known and shall continue to inform
FAO concerning all substantial developments regarding the disposition of such charges.

2.8 All operations of the Contractor, including without limitation, storage of equipment,
materials, supplies and parts, within FAO premises or on FAO property shall be confined
to areas authorized or approved by FAO. The Contractor’s personnel shall not enter or
pass through and shall not store or dispose of any of its equipment or materials in any
areas within FAO premises or on FAO property without appropriate authorization from
FAO.

ARTICLE 3 –ASSIGNMENT

3.1 The Contractor may not assign, transfer, pledge or make any other disposition of the
Contract, of any part of the Contract, or of any of the rights, claims or obligations under
the Contract except as may be provided for in this Contract or with the prior written
authorization of FAO. Any such unauthorized assignment, transfer, pledge or other
disposition, or any attempt to do so, shall not be binding on FAO. Any assignment by the
Contractor which is not authorized by FAO will be void and FAO reserves the right in
such case, without prejudice to other rights or remedies, to terminate the Contract without
liability effective upon the Contractor’s receipt of notification of termination. Except as
permitted with respect to any approved subcontractors, the Contractor shall not delegate
any of its obligations under this Contract, except with the prior written consent of FAO.
Any such unauthorized delegation, or attempt to do so, shall not be binding on FAO.

3.2 The Contractor agrees that FAO may, at its discretion, assign, transfer, pledge, or make
other disposition of this Contract or any part hereof, or any of FAO’s rights or obligations
under this Contract upon written notification within a reasonable period of time either
prior to or following such assignment, transfer, pledge or subcontracting arrangement.

ARTICLE 4 – SUBCONTRACTING

In the event that the Contractor requires the services of subcontractors to perform any obligations
under the Contract, and except as may be provided for in this Contract, the Contractor shall
obtain the prior written approval of FAO. FAO shall be entitled, in its sole discretion, to review
the qualifications of any subcontractors and to reject any proposed subcontractor that FAO
reasonably considers is not qualified to perform obligations under the Contract. The approval by
FAO of a subcontractor shall not relieve the Contractor of any of its obligations under this
Contract.FAO shall have the right to require any subcontractor’s removal from FAO premises
without having to give any justification therefor. Any such rejection or request for removal shall
not, in and of itself, entitle the Contractor to claim any delays in the performance, or to assert any
excuses for the non-performance, of any of its obligations under the Contract, and the Contractor
shall be solely responsible for all services and obligations performed by its subcontractors. The
terms of any subcontract shall be subject to, and shall be construed in a manner that is fully in
accordance with, all of the terms and conditions of the Contract. The essential terms set out in
Article 26 below shall be included in all subcontracting arrangements entered into under this
Contract.

ARTICLE 5 –EXAMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE

5.1 FAO reserves the right to examine the equipment, materials and supplies and/or assess
the services provided under this Contract, at any time prior to the expiry of this Contract.
Without any additional charge, the Contractor shall provide all facilities for the

examination and all necessary support to ensure that examinations can be performed in
such a manner as not to unduly delay delivery.

5.2 In case of rejection by FAO of the equipment, materials, supplies and/or services
provided, a new review may be carried out by the representatives of both FAO and the
Contractor, if promptly requested by the Contractor and before FAO exercises any legal
remedies. The Contractor shall bear the expenses of such a review.

5.3 If this Contract specifically requires the Contractor to procure equipment, materials or
supplies on behalf of FAO, such procurement shall be of new equipment, materials or
supplies unless procurement of used equipment, materials or supplies is approved in
advance in writing by FAO.

ARTICLE 6 – DELAYS AND DEFAULTS

6.1 If there should be any delay in the performance of this Contract or any part thereof, the
Contractor shall notify FAO in writing giving the cause, such notification to reach FAO
no later than ten (10) days after the date on which the delay is known by the Contractor.

6.2 If the Contractor is unable to obtain any materials or services necessary for the
performance of the Contract from its normal sources of supply, it shall remain liable for
any delays when equivalent materials or services can be obtained from other sources in
good time.

6.3 In any event, if the Contractor fails to make delivery of the materials or to complete items
or services required within the time specified in the Contract, or within any extension that
may be granted, FAO may, without prejudice to any further rights it may have under this
Contract and in particular under Article 17 below:

6.3.1 Suspend or cancel the right of the Contractor to proceed further with any items or
services - or part thereof - in which there has been a delay;

6.3.2 Obtain elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as may be deemed appropriate,
replacement items or services similar to those which the Contractor failed to
provide;

6.3.3 Make a corresponding adjustment to the consideration payable to the Contractor;
provided, however, that the Contractor shall continue performance of this
Contract to the extent not suspended or cancelled under the provisions of this
paragraph.

6.4 The Contractor shall be liable for any excess costs or damages caused to FAO by a
failure or delay on the part of the Contractor in the performance of its obligations under
this Contract, except where such failure or delay is due to:

6.4.1 Causes which are attributable to FAO;

6.4.2 Force Majeure, as defined in Article 16 below.

6.5 If, in the event of a default by the Contractor or a delay attributable to it, FAO is of the

opinion that the determination of actual excess costs or damages, or any part thereof,
incurred by FAO is not practicable, FAO may require the Contractor to pay, in lieu of or
in addition to actual damages, as the case may be, the amount specified in, or to be
calculated in accordance with, the relevant provision of this Contract, as fixed, agreed
and liquidated damages for the duration of the delay or default.

6.6. FAO shall determine the effects of any delay or default particularly in regard to an
adjustment of the consideration due to the Contractor and to excess costs or damages
caused to FAO and its findings shall be binding, provided always that the Contractor
shall have the right to avail itself of the provisions of Article 20 below.

6.7 FAO shall not be liable to pay interest on the amount(s) not paid to the Contractor within
the payment schedule foreseen under the Contract, irrespective of the cause of such
delay.

ARTICLE 7 – TITLE

The Contractor warrants and represents that the goods delivered under the Contract are
unencumbered by any third party’s title or other property rights, including, but not limited to,
any liens or security interests. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the Contract, title in and to
the goods shall pass from the Contractor to FAO upon delivery of the goods and their acceptance
by FAO in accordance with the requirements of the Contract.

ARTICLE 8 – EXPORT LICENSING

The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining any export license required with respect to the
goods, products, or technologies, including software, sold, delivered, licensed or otherwise
provided to FAO under the Contract. The Contractor shall procure any such export license in an
expeditious manner. Subject to and without any waiver of the privileges and immunities of FAO,
FAO shall lend the Contractor all reasonable assistance required for obtaining any such export
license. Should any governmental entity refuse, delay or hinder the Contractor’s ability to obtain
any such export license, the Contractor shall promptly consult with FAO to enable FAO to take
appropriate measures to resolve the matter.

ARTICLE 9 – INDEMNIFICATION

9.1 The Contractor shall indemnify, defend, and hold and save harmless, FAO, and its
officials, agents and employees, and any of its member nations or member organizations
(“Members”) or other ultimate beneficiaries, from and against all suits, proceedings,
claims, demands, losses and liability of any kind or nature brought by any third party
against FAO, including, but not limited to, all litigation costs and expenses, attorney’s
fees, settlement payments and damages, based on, arising from, or relating to:

9.1.1 allegations or claims that the possession of or use by FAO of any patented device,
any copyrighted material, or any other goods, property or services provided or
licensed to FAO under the terms of the Contract, in whole or in part, separately or
in a combination contemplated by the Contractor’s published specifications
therefor, or otherwise specifically approved by the Contractor, constitutes an
infringement of any patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property

right of any third party; or,

9.1.2 any acts or omissions of the Contractor, or of any subcontractor or anyone
directly or indirectly employed by them in the performance of the Contract, which
give rise to legal liability to anyone not a party to the Contract, including, without
limitation, claims and liability in the nature of a claim for workers’ compensation.

9.2 FAO may, where in its opinion, the successful implementation of the Contract or the
reputation of FAO, might be prejudiced, withhold or deduct from the payments due to the
Contractor under this Contract such amounts as may be required to honour third party
claims brought against the Contractor if these claims are connected with the supplies or
services to be provided under this Contract and if, after consultation with the Contractor,
FAO is satisfied that such claims have been or may become the subject of a judgement,
injunction or similar court order.

9.3 In addition to the indemnity obligations set forth in this Article 9, the Contractor shall be
obligated, at its sole expense, to defend FAO and its officials, agents and employees,
pursuant to this Article 9, regardless of whether the suits, proceedings, claims and
demands in question actually give rise to or otherwise result in any loss or liability.

9.4 FAO shall advise the Contractor about any such suits, proceedings, claims, demands,
losses or liability within a reasonable period of time after having received actual notice
thereof. The Contractor shall have sole control of the defence of any such suit,
proceeding, claim or demand and of all negotiations in connection with the settlement or
compromise thereof, except with respect to the assertion or defence of the privileges and
immunities of FAO or any matter relating thereto, for which only FAO itself is
authorized to assert and maintain. FAO shall have the right, at its own expense, to be
represented in any such suit, proceeding, claim or demand by independent counsel of its
own choosing.

9.5 In the event the use by FAO of any goods, property or services provided or licensed to
FAO by the Contractor, in whole or in part, in any suit or proceeding, is for any reason
enjoined, temporarily or permanently, or is found to infringe any patent, copyright,
trademark or other intellectual property right, or in the event of a settlement, is enjoined,
limited or otherwise interfered with, then the Contractor, at its sole cost and expense,
shall, promptly, either:

9.5.1 Procure for FAO the unrestricted right to continue using such goods or services
provided to FAO;

9.5.2 Replace or modify the goods or services provided to FAO, or part thereof, with
the equivalent or better goods or services, or part thereof, that is non-infringing;
or,

9.5.3 Refund to FAO the full price paid by FAO for the right to have or use such goods,
property or services, or part thereof.

9.6 For the purposes of this Article, the term “third party” shall be deemed to include, inter
alia, officials, employees and other representatives of the United Nations, FAO, and
other Specialized Agencies participating in the implementation of this Contract as well as

any person or entity employed by the Contractor or otherwise performing services for, or
supplying goods to, the Contractor.

ARTICLE 10 –INSURANCE AND LIABILITY

10.1 The Contractor shall pay FAO promptly for all loss, destruction, or damage to the
property of FAO caused by the Contractor’s personnel or by any of its subcontractors or
anyone else directly or indirectly employed by the Contractor or any of its subcontractors
in the performance of the Contract.

10.2 Unless otherwise provided in the Contract, prior to commencement of performance of
any other obligations under the Contract, and subject to any limits set forth in the
Contract, the Contractor shall take out and shall maintain for the entire term of the
Contract, for any extension thereof, and for a period following any termination of the
Contract reasonably adequate to deal with losses:

10.2.1 Insurance against all risks in respect of its property and any equipment used for
the performance of the Contract;

10.2.2 Workers’ compensation insurance, or its equivalent, or employer’s liability
insurance, or its equivalent, with respect to the Contractor’s personnel sufficient
to cover all claims for injury, death and disability, or any other benefits required
to be paid by law, in connection with the performance of the Contract;

10.2.3 Liability insurance in an adequate amount to cover all claims, including, but not
limited to, claims for death and bodily injury, products and completed operations
liability, loss of or damage to property, and personal and advertising injury,
arising from or in connection with the Contractor’s performance under the
Contract, including, but not limited to, liability arising out of or in connection
with the acts or omissions of the Contractor, its personnel, agents, or invitees, or
the use, during the performance of the Contract, of any vehicles, boats, airplanes
or other transportation vehicles and equipment, whether or not owned by the
Contractor; and,

10.2.4 Such other insurance as may be agreed upon in writing between FAO and the
Contractor.

10.3 The Contractor’s liability policies shall also cover subcontractors and all defense costs
and shall contain a standard “cross liability” clause.

10.4 The Contractor acknowledges and agrees that FAO accepts no responsibility for
providing life, health, accident, travel or any other insurance coverage which may be
necessary or desirable in respect of any personnel performing services for the Contractor
in connection with the Contract.

10.5 Except for the workers’ compensation insurance or any self-insurance program
maintained by the Contractor and approved by FAO, in its sole discretion, for purposes of
fulfilling the Contractor’s requirements for providing insurance under the Contract, the
insurance policies required under the Contract shall:

10.5.1 Name FAO as an additional insured under the liability policies, including, if
required, as a separate endorsement under the policy;

10.5.2 Include a waiver of subrogation of the Contractor’s insurance carrier’s rights
against FAO;

10.5.3 Provide that FAO shall receive written notice from the Contractor’s insurance
carrier not less than thirty (30) days prior to any cancellation or material change
of coverage; and,

10.5.4 Include a provision for response on a primary and non-contributing basis with
respect to any other insurance that may be available to FAO.

10.6 The Contractor shall be responsible to fund all amounts within any policy deductible or
retention.

10.7 Except for any self-insurance program maintained by the Contractor and approved by
FAO for purposes of fulfilling the Contractor’s requirements for maintaining insurance
under the Contract, the Contractor shall maintain the insurance taken out under the
Contract with reputable insurers that are in good financial standing and that are
acceptable to FAO. Prior to the commencement of any obligations under the Contract, the
Contractor shall provide FAO with evidence, in the form of certificate of insurance or
such other form as FAO may reasonably require, that demonstrates that the Contractor
has taken out insurance in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. FAO
reserves the right, upon written notice to the Contractor, to obtain copies of any insurance
policies or insurance program descriptions required to be maintained by the Contractor
under the Contract. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 10.5.3, above, the
Contractor shall promptly notify FAO concerning any cancellation or material change of
insurance coverage required under the Contract.

10.8 The Contractor acknowledges and agrees that neither the requirement for taking out and
maintaining insurance as set forth in the Contract nor the amount of any such insurance,
including, but not limited to, any deductible or retention relating thereto, shall in any way
be construed as limiting the Contractor’s liability arising under or relating to the
Contract.

ARTICLE 11 –ENCUMBRANCES AND LIENS

The Contractor shall not cause or permit any lien, attachment or other encumbrance by any
person to be placed on file or to remain on file in any public office or on file with FAO against
any monies due to the Contractor or that may become due for any work done or against any
goods supplied or materials furnished under the Contract, or by reason of any other claim or
demand against the Contractor or FAO.

ARTICLE 12 –EQUIPMENT FURNISHED BY FAO TO THE CONTRACTOR

Title to any equipment and supplies that may be furnished by FAO to the Contractor for the
performance of any obligations under the Contract shall rest with FAO, and any such equipment

shall be returned to FAO at the conclusion of the Contract or when no longer needed by the
Contractor. Such equipment, when returned to FAO, shall be in the same condition as when
delivered to the Contractor, subject to normal wear and tear, and the Contractor shall be liable to
compensate FAO for the actual costs of any loss of, damage to, or degradation of the equipment
that is beyond normal wear and tear.

ARTICLE 13 – COPYRIGHT, PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY
RIGHTS

13.1 Except as is otherwise expressly provided in writing in the Contract, FAO shall be
entitled to all intellectual property and other proprietary rights including, but not limited
to, patents, copyrights, and trademarks, with regard to products, processes, inventions,
ideas, know-how, or documents and other materials which the Contractor has developed
for FAO under the Contract and which bear a direct relation to or are produced or
prepared or collected in consequence of, or during the course of, the performance of the
Contract. The Contractor acknowledges and agrees that such products, documents and
other materials constitute works made for hire for FAO.

13.2 To the extent that any such intellectual property or other proprietary rights consist of any
intellectual property or other proprietary rights of the Contractor:

13.2.1 That pre-existed the performance by the Contractor of its obligations under the
Contract, or

13.2.2 that the Contractor may develop or acquire, or may have developed or acquired,
independently of the performance of its obligations under the Contract, FAO does
not and shall not claim any ownership interest thereto, and the Contractor grants
to FAO a perpetual license to use such intellectual property or other proprietary
right solely for the purposes of and in accordance with the requirements of the
Contract.

13.3 At the request of FAO, the Contractor shall take all necessary steps, execute all necessary
documents and generally assist in securing such proprietary rights and transferring or
licensing them to FAO in compliance with the requirements of the applicable law and of
the Contract.

13.4 Subject to the foregoing provisions, all maps, drawings, photographs, mosaics, plans,
reports, estimates, recommendations, documents, and all other data compiled by or
received by the Contractor under the Contract shall be the property of FAO, shall be
made available for use or inspection by FAO at reasonable times and in reasonable
places, shall be treated as confidential, and shall be delivered only to FAO authorized
officials on completion of work under the Contract.

ARTICLE 14 – PUBLICITY, AND USE OF THE NAME, EMBLEM OR
OFFICIAL SEAL OF FAO

The Contractor shall not advertise or otherwise make public for purposes of commercial
advantage or goodwill that it has a contractual relationship with FAO, nor shall the Contractor, in
any manner whatsoever use the name, emblem or official seal of FAO, or any abbreviation of the

name of FAO in connection with its business or otherwise without the written permission FAO.

ARTICLE 15 – CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OF DOCUMENTS AND
INFORMATION

All designs, drawings, specifications, reports, data, computer programs, and other technical or
proprietary information compiled or developed by the Contractor or furnished or disclosed to the
Contractor by FAO under this Contract (“Information”) shall be the property of FAO and shall
be treated as confidential and safeguarded by the Contractor, its employees, agents and
representatives. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by FAO, the Contractor shall use such
Information only in the performance of this Contract. Upon completion or termination of this
Contract, the Contractor shall return such Information to FAO.

15.1 The Contractor may disclose Information to the extent required by law, provided that,
subject to and without any waiver of the privileges and immunities of FAO, the
Contractor will give FAO sufficient prior notice of a request for the disclosure of
Information in order to allow FAO to have a reasonable opportunity to take protective
measures or such other action as may be appropriate before any such disclosure is made.

15.2 FAO reserves the right to publish the Contractor’s name and country, the Contract value
and a brief description of the goods or services provided under the Contract. FAO may
also disclose Information to the extent as required pursuant to the FAO Constitution or
consistent with or pursuant to resolutions or regulations of the Conference of FAO or
rules promulgated thereunder.

15.3 A Party shall not be precluded from disclosing Information that is obtained by that Party
from a third party without restriction, is disclosed by the other Party to a third party
without any obligation of confidentiality, is previously known by the Party who has
received the Information, or at any time is developed by the Party completely
independently of any disclosures hereunder.

15.4 These obligations and restrictions of confidentiality shall be effective during the term of
the Contract, including any extension thereof, and, unless otherwise provided in the
Contract, shall remain effective following any termination of the Contract.

ARTICLE 16 – FORCE MAJEURE; OTHER CHANGES IN CONDITIONS

16.1 In the event of and as soon as possible after the occurrence of any cause constituting
force majeure, the affected Party shall give notice and full particulars in writing to the
other Party, of such occurrence or cause if the affected Party is thereby rendered unable,
wholly or in part, to perform its obligations and meet its responsibilities under the
Contract. The affected Party shall also notify the other Party of any other changes in
condition or the occurrence of any event which interferes or threatens to interfere with its
performance of the Contract. Not more than fifteen (15) days following the provision of
such notice of force majeure or other changes in condition or occurrence, the affected
Party shall also submit a statement to the other Party of estimated expenditures that will
likely be incurred for the duration of the change in condition or the event of force
majeure. On receipt of the notice or notices required hereunder, the Party not affected by
the occurrence of a cause constituting force majeure shall take such action as it

reasonably considers to be appropriate or necessary in the circumstances, including the
granting to the affected Party of a reasonable extension of time in which to perform any
obligations under the Contract or termination under Article 17 below. The Contractor
shall be liable for any damages resulting from lack of notice of the force majeure event.

16.2 If the Contractor is rendered unable, wholly or in part, by reason of force majeure to
perform its obligations and meet its responsibilities under the Contract, FAO shall have
the right to suspend or terminate the Contract on the same terms and conditions as are
provided for in Article 17 below, except that the period of notice shall be seven (7) days
instead of thirty (30) days. In any case, FAO shall be entitled to consider the Contractor
permanently unable to perform its obligations under the Contract in case the Contractor is
unable to perform its obligations, wholly or in part, by reason of force majeure for any
period in excess of ninety (90) days.

16.3 Force majeure as used herein means any unforeseeable and irresistible act of nature, any
act of war (whether declared or not), invasion, revolution, insurrection, terrorism, or any
other acts of a similar nature or force, provided that such acts arise from causes beyond
the control and without the fault or negligence of the Contractor (or on the part of its
personnel, agents, other representatives, or authorized subcontractors), and proves
insurmountable in spite of all due diligence. Defects in equipment, material or supplies,
or delays in their availability (unless due to force majeure), labour disputes, strikes or
financial difficulties shall not constitute an event of force majeure. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein in this Contract, the Contractor recognizes that the
provision of goods and services may from time to time be performed under harsh or
hostile conditions, including civil unrest. Consequently, delays or failure to perform
caused by events arising out of, or in connection with, such difficult conditions shall not,
in and of itself, constitute force majeure under this Contract. The Contractor therefore
acknowledges and agrees that, with respect to any obligations under the Contract that the
Contractor must perform in areas in which FAO is engaged in, preparing to engage in, or
disengaging from any humanitarian or similar operations, any delays or failure to perform
such obligations arising from or relating to harsh conditions within such areas, or to any
incidents of civil unrest occurring in such areas, shall not, in and of itself, constitute force
majeure under the Contract.

ARTICLE 17 – TERMINATION

17.1 Either Party may terminate the Contract for cause, in whole or in part, upon thirty (30)
day’s notice, in writing, to the other Party. The initiation of conciliation or arbitral
proceedings in accordance with Article 20 below, shall not be deemed to be a “cause” for
or otherwise to be in itself a termination of the Contract.

17.2 For the purposes of this Article 17, a “cause” include, without being limited to:

17.2.1 Unforeseen causes beyond the control of FAO;

17.2.2 Repeated and/or serious noncompliance with laws and regulations related to
social contribution, safety measures, pollution, prevention of injuries in the work
place;

17.2.3 Serious contractual breaches compromising the normal performance of the
services under this Contract;

17.2.4 Transfer to third parties, either directly or indirectly through an intermediary, of
all or part of the rights and obligations pertaining to the services under this
Contract, except for subcontracts duly authorized by FAO;

17.2.5 Gross negligence;

17.2.6 Unjustified delay in the execution of the services, so as to substantially prejudice
the achievement of FAO’s objectives under this Contract;

17.2.7 Default in the submission of the performance bond as required, if applicable.

17.3 FAO may terminate the Contract at any time by providing written notice to the
Contractor in any case in which the mandate of FAO applicable to the performance of the
Contract or the funding of FAO applicable to the Contract is curtailed or terminated,
whether in whole or in part. In addition, unless otherwise provided by the Contract, upon
sixty (60) day’s advance written notice to the Contractor, FAO may terminate the
Contract without having to provide any justification therefor.

17.4 In the event of any termination of the Contract, upon receipt of notice of termination that
has been issued by FAO, the Contractor shall, except as may be directed by FAO in the
notice of termination or otherwise in writing:

17.4.1 Take immediate steps to bring the performance of any obligations under the
Contract to a close in a prompt and orderly manner, and in doing so, reduce
expenses to a minimum;

17.4.2 Refrain from undertaking any further or additional commitments under the
Contract as of and following the date of receipt of such notice;

17.4.3 place no further subcontracts or orders for materials, services, or facilities, except
as FAO and the Contractor agree in writing are necessary to complete any portion
of the Contract that is not terminated;

17.4.4 Terminate all subcontracts or orders to the extent they relate to the portion of the
Contract terminated;

17.4.5 transfer title and deliver to FAO the fabricated or un fabricated parts, work in
process, completed work, supplies, and other material produced or acquired for
the portion of the Contract terminated;

17.4.6 deliver all completed or partially completed plans, drawings, information, and
other property that, if the Contract had been completed, would be required to be
furnished to FAO thereunder;

17.4.7 Complete performance of the work not terminated; and,

17.4.8 Take any other action that may be necessary or that FAO may direct in writing,

for the minimization of losses and for the protection and preservation of any
property, whether tangible or intangible, related to the Contract that is in the
possession of the Contractor and in which FAO has or may be reasonably
expected to acquire an interest.

17.5 In the event of any termination of the Contract, FAO shall be entitled to obtain
reasonable written accountings from the Contractor concerning all obligations performed
or pending in accordance with the Contract. In addition, FAO shall not be liable to pay
the Contractor except for those goods delivered and services provided to FAO in
accordance with the requirements of the Contract, but only if such goods or services were
ordered, requested or otherwise provided prior to the Contractor’s receipt of notice of
termination from FAO or prior to the Contractor’s tendering of notice of termination to
FAO.

17.6 The Contractor shall immediately report any change in its legal status or control to FAO.
FAO may, without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to it, terminate the
Contract forthwith in the event that:

17.6.1 The Contractor is adjudged bankrupt, or is liquidated, or becomes insolvent, or
applies for a moratorium or stay on any payment or repayment obligations, or
applies to be declared insolvent;

17.6.2 The Contractor is granted a moratorium or a stay, or is declared insolvent;

17.6.3 The Contractor makes an assignment for the benefit of one or more of its
creditors;

17.6.4 A receiver is appointed on account of the insolvency of the Contractor;

17.6.5 The Contractor offers a settlement in lieu of bankruptcy or receivership; or,

17.6.6 FAO reasonably determines that the Contractor has become subject to a
materially adverse change in its financial condition that threatens to substantially
affect the ability of the Contractor to perform any of its obligations under the
Contract.

17..7 Except as prohibited by law, the Contractor shall be bound to compensate FAO for all
damages and costs, including, but not limited to, all costs incurred by FAO in any legal or
non-legal proceedings, as a result of any of the events specified in Article 17.6, above,
and resulting from or relating to a termination of the Contract, even if the Contractor is
adjudged bankrupt, or is granted a moratorium or stay or is declared insolvent. The
Contractor shall immediately inform FAO of the occurrence of any of the events
specified in Article 17.6, above, and shall provide FAO with any information pertinent
thereto.

17.8 The provisions of this Article 17 are without prejudice to any other rights or remedies of
FAO under the Contract or otherwise.

ARTICLE 18 – NON-WAIVER OF RIGHTS

The failure by either Party to exercise any rights available to it, whether under the Contract or
otherwise, shall not be deemed for any purposes to constitute a waiver by the other Party of any
such right or any remedy associated therewith, and shall not relieve the Parties of any of their
obligations under the Contract.

ARTICLE 19 – NON-EXCLUSIVITY

Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, FAO shall have no obligation to purchase any
minimum quantities of goods or services from the Contractor and FAO shall have no limitation
on its right to obtain goods or services of the same kind, quality and quantity described in the
Contract, from any other source at any time.

ARTICLE 20 – SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES, CONCILIATION AND
ARBITRATION

20.1 Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation and the execution of the
Contract will be settled by negotiation or, if not settled by negotiation between the Parties
or by another agreed mode of settlement shall, at the request of either Party, be submitted
to one conciliator. Should the Parties fail to reach agreement on the name of a sole
conciliator, each Party shall appoint one conciliator. The conciliation shall be carried out
in accordance with the Conciliation Rules of the United Nations Commission on
International Trade Law (“UNCITRAL”), as at present in force.

20.2 Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation and the execution of the
Contract that is unresolved after conciliation shall, at the request of either Party be settled
by arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, as at present in
force. Arbitrations under this provision shall be administered by the International Bureau
of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

20.3 The conciliation or the arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in any of the six (6)
official languages of FAO (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian) in
which the Contract is drafted. In cases in which the language of the Contract is not an
official language of FAO, the conciliation or the arbitration proceedings shall be
conducted in English.

20.4 The Parties may request conciliation during the execution of the Contract or within a
period not to exceed twelve (12) months after the expiry or the termination of the
Contract. The Parties may request arbitration not later than ninety (90) days after the
termination of the conciliation proceedings.

20.5 Decisions of the arbitral tribunal shall be final and binding to the Parties. The arbitral
tribunal shall have no authority to award punitive damages or, unless otherwise expressly
provided in this Contract, to award interest in which case such interest shall not be in
excess of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) then prevailing, and any such
interest shall be simple interest only.

ARTICLE 21 – PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES AND APPLICABLE LAW

21.1 Nothing contained in or relating to this Contract shall be deemed a waiver, express or
implied, of the privileges and immunities of FAO, nor as conferring any privileges or
immunities of FAO on the Contractor or its employees, nor as acceptance by FAO of the
jurisdiction of the courts of any country over disputes arising out of this Contract.

21.2 Notwithstanding any specific provision herein, this Contract and any dispute arising
therefrom shall be governed by general principles of law to the exclusion of any single
national system of law. General principles of law shall be deemed to include the
UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 2010.

ARTICLE 22 – TAX EXEMPTION

22.1 Article III Section 9, of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the
Specialized Agencies provides, inter alia, that FAO is exempt from all direct taxes,
except charges for public utility services, and is exempt from customs restrictions, duties
and charges of a similar nature in respect of articles imported or exported for its official
use. In the event any governmental authority refuses to recognize the exemptions of FAO
from such taxes, restrictions, duties, or charges, the Contractor shall immediately consult
with FAO to determine a mutually acceptable procedure.

22.2 The Contractor authorizes FAO to deduct from the Contractor’s invoices any amount
representing such taxes, duties or charges, unless the Contractor has consulted with FAO
before the payment thereof and FAO has, in each instance, specifically authorized the
Contractor to pay such taxes, duties, or charges under written protest. In that event, the
Contractor shall provide FAO with written evidence that payment of such taxes, duties or
charges has been made and appropriately authorized, and FAO shall reimburse the
Contractor for any such taxes, duties, or charges so authorized by FAO and paid by the
Contractor under written protest.

ARTICLE 23 – MODIFICATIONS

23.1 FAO may at any time by written instructions make changes within the general scope of
this Contract and the Contractor shall be obliged to implement such changes in a timely
manner. If any such change causes an increase or decrease in the quantities of goods
and/or services or the time required for performance of this Contract, an equitable
adjustment shall be made in the order price or delivery schedule, or both, and the
Contract shall be amended, terminated or reissued accordingly.

23.2 Any claim by the Contractor for adjustment under this Article must be asserted within
thirty (30) days from the date of receipt by the Contractor of the notification of change;
provided, however, that FAO may, at its sole discretion, receive and act upon any such
claim asserted at any time prior to final payment under this Contract. A dispute arising
from failure to agree to any adjustments shall be subject to the provisions of Article 20
above of this Contract. However, nothing in this Article shall relieve the Contractor from
its obligation to proceed with the performance of the Contract as changed.

23.3 No modification of or change in the terms of this Contract shall be valid or enforceable

against FAO unless it is in writing and signed by a duly authorized officer.

23.4 Any modification of this Contract other than the changes provided for under Articles 23.1
to 23.3, above shall be effected by an amendment to this Contract to be mutually agreed
between the Parties hereto.

ARTICLE 24 – AUDITS AND INVESTIGATIONS

24.1 Each invoice paid by FAO shall be subject to a post-payment audit by auditors, whether
internal or external, of FAO or by other authorized and qualified agents of FAO at any
time during the term of the Contract and for a period of two (2) years following the
expiration or prior termination of the Contract. FAO shall be entitled to a refund from the
Contractor for any amounts shown by such audits to have been paid by FAO other than in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the Contract.

24.2 The Contractor acknowledges and agrees that, from time to time, FAO may conduct
investigations relating to any aspect of the Contract or the award thereof, the obligations
performed under the Contract, and the operations of the Contractor generally relating to
performance of the Contract. The right of FAO to conduct an investigation and the
Contractor’s obligation to comply with such an investigation shall not lapse upon
expiration or prior termination of the Contract.

24.3 The Contractor shall provide its full and timely cooperation with any such inspections,
post-payment audits or investigations. Such cooperation shall include, but shall not be
limited to, the Contractor’s obligation to make available its personnel and any relevant
documentation for such purposes at reasonable times and on reasonable conditions and to
grant to FAO access to the Contractor’s premises at reasonable times and on reasonable
conditions in connection with such access to the Contractor’s personnel and relevant
documentation. The Contractor shall require its agents, including, but not limited to, the
Contractor’s attorneys, accountants or other advisers, to reasonably cooperate with any
inspections, post-payment audits or investigations carried out by FAO hereunder.

ARTICLE 25 – LIMITATION ON ACTIONS

25.1 Except with respect to any indemnification obligations in Article 6, above, or as are
otherwise set forth in the Contract, any conciliation proceedings in accordance with
Article 20 above, arising out of the Contract must be commenced within twelve (12)
months after the cause of action has accrued.

25.2 The Parties further acknowledge and agree that, for these purposes, a cause of action
shall accrue when the breach actually occurs, or, in the case of latent defects, when the
injured Party knew or should have known all of the essential elements of the cause of
action, or in the case of a breach of warranty, when tender of delivery is made, except
that, if a warranty extends to future performance of the goods or any process or system
and the discovery of the breach consequently must await the time when such goods or
other process or system is ready to perform in accordance with the requirements of the
Contract, the cause of action accrues when such time of future performance actually
begins.

ARTICLE 26 – ESSENTIAL TERMS

The Contractor acknowledges and agrees that each of the provisions in Articles 27 to 35 hereof
constitutes an essential term of the Contract and that any breach of any of these provisions shall
entitle FAO to terminate the Contract or any other contract with FAO immediately upon notice
to the Contractor, without any liability for termination charges or any other liability of any kind.
ARTICLE 27 – SOURCE OF INSTRUCTIONS

The Contractor shall neither seek nor accept instructions from any authority external to FAO in
connection with the performance of its obligations under the Contract. Should any authority
external to FAO seek to impose any instructions concerning or restrictions on the Contractor’s
performance under the Contract, the Contractor shall promptly notify FAO and provide all
reasonable assistance required by FAO. The Contractor shall not take any action in respect of the
performance of its obligations under the Contract that may adversely affect the interests of FAO,
and the Contractor shall perform its obligations under the Contract with the fullest regard to the
interests of the FAO.

ARTICLE 28 – OFFICIALS NOT TO BENEFIT

The Contractor warrants that it has not and shall not offer to any representative, official,
employee, or other agent of FAO any direct or indirect benefit arising from or related to the
performance of the Contract or of any other contract with FAO or the award thereof or for any
other purpose intended to gain an advantage for the Contractor.

ARTICLE 29 – OBSERVANCE OF THE LAW

The Contractor shall comply with all laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations bearing upon the
performance of its obligations under the Contract. The Contractor shall promptly correct any
violations thereof and shall keep FAO informed of any conflict or problem arising in relation to
national authorities. In addition, the Contractor shall maintain compliance with all obligations
relating to its registration as a qualified vendor of goods or services to FAO, as such obligations
are set forth in FAO vendor registration procedures.

ARTICLE 30 – LABOR

30.1 The Contractor shall:

30.1.1 Respect the prohibition of forced or compulsory labor in all its forms;

30.1.2 Respect the freely exercised right of workers, without distinction, to organize, to
further and defend their interest as well as the protection of those workers who
exercise their right to organize;

30.1.3 Ensure equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of employment and
occupation; and

30.1.4 Ensure fair and reasonable conditions of safety, health and welfare.

30.2 The Contractor represents and warrants that neither it, its parent entities (if any), nor any

of the Contractor’s subsidiary or affiliated entities (if any) is engaged in any practice
inconsistent with the rights set forth in the Convention on the Rights of the Child,
including Article 32 thereof, which inter alia, requires that a child shall be protected from
performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s
education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or
social development.

ARTICLE 31 – MINES

The Contractor represents and warrants that neither it, its parent entities (if any), nor any of the
Contractor’s subsidiaries or affiliated entities (if any) is engaged in the sale or manufacture of
anti-personnel mines or components utilized in the manufacture of anti-personnel mines.

ARTICLE 32 – SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

The Contractor shall take all appropriate measures to prevent sexual exploitation or abuse of any
direct beneficiary of the FAO projects or programmes receiving the goods or services provided
under this Contract, or to any persons related to such beneficiaries, by its employees or any other
persons engaged and controlled by the Contractor to perform any services under the Contract.
For these purposes, sexual activity with any person less than eighteen years of age, regardless of
any laws relating to consent, shall constitute the sexual exploitation and abuse of such person.In
addition, the Contractor shall refrain from, and shall take all reasonable and appropriate
measures to prohibit its employees or other persons engaged and controlled by it from
exchanging any money, goods, services, or other things of value, for sexual favors or activities,
or from engaging in any sexual activities that are exploitive or degrading to any direct
beneficiary of the FAO projects or programmes receiving the goods or services provided under
this Contract, or to any persons related to such beneficiaries.

ARTICLE 33 – TERRORISM

The Contractor agrees to undertake all reasonable efforts to ensure that none of the funds
received from FAO under this Contract are used to provide support to individuals or entities:

33.1 Associated with terrorism, as included in the list maintained by the Security Council
Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999)
(http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/pdf/consolidatedlist.pdf); or

33.2 That is the subject of sanctions or other enforcement measures promulgated by the United
Nations Security Council.

ARTICLE 34 – PROHIBITED PRACTICES

34.1 The Contractor shall observe the highest standard of ethics during the procurement and
execution of this Contract and will not engage in any corrupt, fraudulent, collusive or
coercive practices, and agrees to adhere to the UN Supplier Code of Conduct.

34.2 FAO, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies it may possess, may terminate the
Contract forthwith if the Contractor, in the judgment of FAO, has engaged in corrupt,
fraudulent, collusive or coercive practices in competing for or in executing this Contract,
and as appropriate, request full or partial restitution of sums previously paid by FAO

under this Contract.

34.3 For the purpose of this Article, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
“Fraudulent practice” is any act or omission, including misrepresentation, that knowingly
or recklessly misleads, or attempts to mislead, a party to obtain, financial and/or other
benefit and/or to avoid an obligation. “Coercive practice” is impairing or harming, or
threatening to impair or harm, directly or indirectly, any party or the property of the party
to influence improperly the actions of a party. “Collusive practice” is an arrangement
between two or more parties designed to achieve an improper purpose, including to
influence improperly the actions of another party. “Corrupt practice” is the offering,
giving, receiving or soliciting, directly or indirectly, of anything of value whether
tangible or intangible to improperly influence the actions of another party.

ARTICLE 35 – DISCLOSURE OF SANCTIONS OR TEMPORARY SUSPENSION

The Contractor should not be suspended, debarred, or otherwise identified as ineligible by any
International or UN Organization. The Contractor is therefore required to disclose to FAO
whether its company, or any of its affiliates, is subject to any sanction or temporary suspension
imposed by any International or UN Organization at the time of execution of this Contract and
throughout its duration. The Contractor recognizes that a breach of this provision will entitle
FAO to terminate its Contract with the Contractor.

ARTICLE 36 – COLLABORATION WITH CERTAIN COUNTRIES

FAO reserves the right to communicate in writing to the Contractor, countries from which no
goods or services shall be purchased directly or indirectly for purposes of delivery, distribution,
installation, or use under this Contract. These communications shall be deemed a condition of
this Contract and be incorporated by the Contractor in any contracts with authorized
subcontractors.

ARTICLE 37 – INTERPRETATION OF THE CONTRACT

In the event of a conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of Section I and Section II of
this Contract, the former shall prevail.

ARTICLE 38 – NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS

38.1 All notices and other binding communications shall be in English, or the language of the
Contract, and shall be deemed to be validly given if sent by registered mail, by fax or by
email with return receipt to the other Party at the address or numbers of either Party as
indicated in the Contract.

38.2 Any notice affecting the rights or obligations of either party to this Contract shall be
given in writing and delivered in person or by registered mail to the addresses given
below:

38.2.1 To FAO:

.........................................

38.2.2 To the Contractor:

.............................................

At the Contractor’s address shown in the Preamble to this Contract.

38.3 Notice shall be considered as effected on the date of delivery to the addressee.
Signed on behalf of:

THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS:

Name: …………………………

Title: FAO Representative in ……………………… Date:

Signed on behalf of:

THE CONTRACTOR: ....................................................

Name:

Title: Date:

ANNEXES I-XI
Technical Specifications of Irrigation Construction

STATEMENT OF WORKS, SERVICES AND SPECIFICATIONS

STATEMENT OF WORKS, SERVICES AND SPECIFICATION

PART 1

Sub project: ...................................................................
Site Name and Location: ..............................................
Scope of works: ..............................................................
1. GENERAL
1.01 Preamble
The Technical Specifications shall form a part of the Contract and shall be read in conjunction with other
Bidding/Contract Documents. This document may also be referred to as the General Specifications. At the
time of issuing the Bidding Documents and the Contract documents, the Engineer may issue Special
Specifications modifying, amending or supplementing the provisions spelled out in this document according
to the nature of the works proposed. In case of conflict between two Specifications, the provisions in the
Special Specifications shall prevail over those in the General Specifications. The provisions set forth in this
document are general provisions by nature and the Engineer may issue specific instructions applicable to
particular contracts depending upon nature, scope and scale of activities.
1.02 Definition
The following definitions of terms shall apply to this and other clauses of the Specification in which
reference is made to the defined words herein, unless otherwise stated in the documents themselves.
“Employer” means in the general the person or entity named as employer in the Contract Data and the legal
successors in the title to this person or entity.
“Contractor” means the person(s) named as Contractor in the Letter of Tender accepted by the Employer,
the legal successors in the title to this person(s) and with whom the Employer has entered in the Contract to
execute the works.
“Engineer” means the person appointed by the Employer to act as the Engineer for the purposes of the
Contract and named in the Contract data, or other person appointed from time to time by the Employer and
notified to the Contractor.
1.03 Workmanship and Materials
All workmanship shall be of the best quality appropriate to each category of work. Except where otherwise
stated or approved by the Engineer, all materials used in the Works shall be of suitable quality for the
intended works as specified or described in the Specifications, Drawings and Bill of Quantities or as
approved by the Engineer. These materials and tests upon them shall comply, in general, with the 32
appropriate standards and testing of materials published by the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM), American Concrete Institute (ACI), An American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), British Standards (BS) Institution, or other equivalent
national/international standards proposed by the Contractor and approved by Engineer.


The Contractor shall use locally produced materials in preference to import materials provided that they
comply with the Specifications and are available in time and in sufficient quantities.
Before ordering a material of any description intended for the permanent work the Contractor shall submit,
for the approval of the engineer, the name of the maker or supplier proposed and details of the place of
origin and specification of materials. The Contractor shall carry out the laboratory tests of all materials to be
used on the site complying with the technical specifications. Approval of source does not imply that all
materials in that source is approved.
1.04 Temporary Works and Care During Construction
The Contractor shall construct and maintain all necessary channels, diversions and other temporary works
necessary to ensure that irrigation water supplies are not interrupted during rehabilitation works; shall
furnish all materials required therefore; and shall furnish, install, maintain and operate all necessary
pumping and other equipment (if necessary) for maintaining water supplies around the rehabilitation works.
After having served their purpose, all temporary works at the construction site shall be removed in a manner
approved by the Engineer, and such areas after those are removed shall be levelled and graded to the extent
required to prevent obstruction in any degree whatever and maintaining the designed function of the
structure. The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall repair at his expense any damage to the
foundations, structures, or any other part of the works caused by floods or water due to failure of any part of
the temporary diversion or protective works.
1.05 Survey Datum
The levels shown on the Drawings are with reference to a specific benchmark in the project area, and whose
location and value is shown on the Drawings. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility before commencing
the Contract to confirm with the Engineer, the location and value of the established benchmarks. The
Contractor shall establish within the project area a network of benchmarks, temporary benchmarks and
reference points as required for the construction work. The Engineer shall approve the location of each new
benchmark established. The location and the values of the newly established network of benchmarks shall
be duly recorded in drawings and reports submitted to the Engineer.
1.06 Setting Out of the Work
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for accurate setting out of the works including staking of canal
center lines and reference pegs based on the information supplied from the drawings and the instructions
given by the Engineer. For such parts of the Works where no setting out details are given in the drawings,
the Engineer will supply setting out data or show the exact location on site during the course of the Contract.
The Contractor shall employ duly competent technician/surveyor or engineer to ensure that the line and
levels of the construction works are correctly maintained.
1.07 Cleaning and Grubbing
Site clearance shall be carried out only over the minimum area essential to carry out the works. The extent
of all clearing shall be agreed with the Engineer before the work is commenced. The Contractor shall give
written notice to the Engineer at least ten days in advance, of his intention to commence site clearance to
enable arrangement to be reached, and for the Engineer to ensure that any compensation arrangements are
completed. Work shall commence only with the written authority of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall remove buildings, walls, gates, fences and other structures and obstructions, grub up
and remove trees, hedges, bushes and shrubs and clear the site of the works at such time and to the extent
required by the Engineer. The materials so obtained shall be reserved and stacked for use, if suitable, to the
extent possible. All rubbish and materials unsuitable for use shall be destroyed or removed from the site. In
areas of bulk excavation, the top soil shall be removed and stacked aside as defined in Clause 2.04 of this
Specifications. After completion of construction, it shall be spread over the disturbed ground; any surplus
being disposed of as directed by the Engineer.
No allowance, in general, will be made for cutting and removal of crops, grass, weeds and similar
vegetation. The cost of all such works will be deemed to be included in the rates entered in the Bills of
33
Quantities if no specific provisions are made for site clearance. During the Contractor's operations, removal
of certain trees and shrubs may be required. The Contractor shall remove such trees and shrubs seeking prior
approval from the Engineer and local authorities as required. All trees and shrubs that are to remain in place
shall be protected from damage and duly maintained. Where clearing is required, all combustible materials
from clearing operations shall be removed from the Site or otherwise disposed of as directed by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall at all times take special precautions to prevent fire from spreading if burning


of waste material is allowed by the Engineer.
1.08 Safety of Adjacent Structures or Works
The Contractor shall at his own expense provide and erect to the approval of the Engineer such supports and
shoring as may be required to protect efficiently all structures or works which may be endangered by the
execution of the Works. These supports, shoring, etc., shall be removed on completion of the Works not
endangering the safety of the protected structures or otherwise take such permanent measures as may be
required by the Engineer to protect the structures or works.
1.09 Work Programme
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a work programme showing how he proposes to carry out the
Works by the intended Completion Date within 15 calendar days from the date of commencement. The
programme shall show the start and completion dates of the various activities, in order to complete the entire
project by the Intended Completion Date. It shall include the key activities, key dates and milestones. The
Contractor shall not start any activity, or part thereof, until and unless the Engineer has given his written
approval. The approved work programme shall become a part of the contract.
The Contractor shall furnish monthly progress reports. The Engineer may request the Contractor for
semimonthly reports if the project activities are critical works to be completed ahead of a particular season
or event and are falling behind schedule. If the Contractor falls behind the approved work programme, then
he shall, within 14 days of the date of such default, submit for approval a revision of the programme
showing the proposed measures, including plant, labour and material resources, to complete the Permanent
Works on time. The revised programme shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer, if found
acceptable, and it shall
become a part of the contract.
The work programme must show the Contractor's proposed schedule of activities or sequence for
completing the works in the form of a bar chart showing the earliest and latest start and finish dates for each
activity, and the critical path, including but not limited to the following activities:
• Establishment of Contractor's office or site office, site mobilization

• Submittal of material samples for Engineer's approval
• Material purchase, transport and delivery - special attention needed if any of material or equipment
critical for the works is not available locally and needs to be brought in other countries
• Activities for which the Employer or Engineer is responsible, including the issue of critical
drawings and other information, provision of materials by the Employer if required, nomination and
approval of Nominated Sub-Contractors and consideration and approval of drawings and proposals
• Work to be carried out by Government departments, utility undertakings and other Contractors.
• Site preparation, including access road, diversion and temporary roads, if required
• Construction of structures, including excavation, formwork, and concrete works, backfill, etc.
• Site clean-up of materials and equipment
1.10 Notice of Operations
The Contractor shall give full and complete notice of all important operations to the Engineer sufficiently in
advance to enable the Engineer to make such arrangement as the Engineer may consider necessary for
inspection or other purposes. The Contractor shall not start any important operation without seeking and
obtaining written approval of the Engineer.
1.11 Medical Arrangements
The Contractor shall make arrangements for treatment on the Site of casualties and sick persons in first-aid
units or in such other wards as may be necessary in accordance with the appropriate Regulations.
Notwithstanding the minimum requirements prescribed above, the Contractor shall be responsible for the
adequacy of all the medical arrangements made.
1.12 Transportation of Plant and Equipment

All cost incurred by the Contractor of transportation and subsequent removal of the construction plant34
and
equipment shall be deemed to be included in the unit prices of actual items of works in the Bill of
Quantities.
1.13 Reports and Photographs
No separate payment shall be made for preparation of all documents, correspondence, returns and reports,


georeferenced photographs, etc. to be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer in
accordance with the provisions of the contract. The Contractor will be required to provide the Engineer with
photographs of the various stages of the work, particularly those relating to approval of the works. These
photographs should be taken at the same location and from the same angle for different stages of the same
work and scale rules (staff gauge) should be used to indicate depths where required.
1.14 Maintenance of Flow
The Contractor shall at his own expense maintain the flow in all canals, drains, streams, water courses and
rivers which may be encountered during the construction of the works or as otherwise directed by the
Engineer in the contract documents.
1.15 Dewatering
The Contractor shall take all risks regarding surface and sub-soil water from whatever source and shall so
deal with and dispose of such water in a manner approved by the Engineer to ensure that the excavations are
kept dry or fit for foundation or structural works. The Contractor shall provide all necessary plant, labour
and materials required and all costs incurred shall be deemed to be included in the item rates in the Bill of
Quantities. The Contractor shall be responsible for damage to the Works or other property arising from
insufficient or excessive dewatering and shall make good the same as soon as possible to the complete
satisfaction of the Engineer and other relevant authorities at his own expense.
1.16 Units of Measurement
Unless specifically stated to the contrary, the units of measurement to be used throughout the Contract shall
be based on the SI system. Abbreviations, whether singular or plural, shall be as follows:
Centimeter cm
Cubic meter m3 or cu.m
Gram g
Hectare ha
Kilogram kg
Kilometer km
Liter 1
Meter m
Milliliter ml
Millimeter mm
Square meter sq. m. or m2
Tone t
1.17 Method of Measurement
All measurements shall be made according to the description of the methods of measurement contained in
the general specifications, specific specifications, or other standard documents related the Bills of
Quantities.
1.18 Survey of Completed Structures
The Contractor in conjunction with the Engineer shall carry out survey of all completed structures to
determine their final location for the purpose of preparing "as-built" drawings.
1.19 Contractor's Offices
The Contractor shall make his own arrangements, at his own expense, for all local accommodation he may
require for offices, yards stores labour camps etc. and all buildings and all services in connection therewith
which are required for the efficient execution of the Works.
1.20 "As-Built" Drawings

The Contractor shall submit two copies of whole sets of clearly printed "As-Built" Drawings of the
completed Works along with a set in electronic copy (in a prior approved form of non-rewritable DVD, CD,
etc.) to the Engineer before issuance of Completion Certificate. Failure by the Contractor to submit the "As
Built" Drawing(s) to the Engineer will mean non-approval and non-acceptance of the works by the Engineer
even though the physical construction works are completed. The "As-Built" Drawings shall clearly show the
lines and dimensions of the permanent construction actually made based on the original design and/or the
revised designs approved by the Engineer. No separate payment shall be made for preparation of all
35
construction drawings, reinforcement drawings, working drawings and shop drawings, drawing details, As-
built drawings etc., to be prepared by the Contractor for submission to the Engineer and/or the Employer in
accordance with the provisions of the Contract.
1.21 Quality Control and Laboratory Tests
The Contractor shall take necessary quality control measures to assure the quality of the built works. These


shall include the engagement of qualified personnel, use of standard tools and methods, approved materials
and procedures for construction. The Contractor will take samples for tests specified in Technical
Specifications to be tested in a nominated laboratory in the presence of the Engineer or the Engineer's
Representative, and if required, shall provide all necessary assistants and labors required to the Engineer.
The costs of such sampling, transports and tests shall be borne by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall sample and test all construction materials and obtain approval from the Engineer prior
to use in the Contract. The Contractor may carry out the necessary tests at his own laboratories for internal
quality control and assurances, but the results of these tests shall not be substituted or valid for independent
laboratory tests and compliance with the specifications. The Contractor shall keep records of all tests he
conducts in connection with the compliance with the specification and shall submit originals of the results of
such tests to the Engineer for approval.
The Contractor shall within twenty-eight (28) days from the date of the Commencement Order submit a
Quality Control Plan. The plan shall include testing schedules, list of material sources, quality control
procedures and other items as required by the Engineer. The plan shall also indicate testing equipment,
consumables as well as the deployment of qualified and skilled personnel. The Contractor shall implement
the quality control procedures in compliance with the approved Quality Control Plan.
1.22 Assistance to Engineer’s Staff
The Contractor shall render all necessary assistance to the Engineer's staff in supervision of the contract and
shall provide and maintain sufficient number of pegs, poles, paints, survey equipment and tools, staff,
ranging rods, moulds, templates, profiles and all other requisites for checking the Contractor's setting-out,
quality control, field tests and measurement of the Works.
The Contractor shall provide full time or part time surveyors as may be required. The cost of all laborers,
surveyors, survey equipment and tools, and materials required by the Engineer and his staff for checking the
setting-out and the measurement of the Works shall be covered by the Contractor's expense and no separate
payment shall be made thereof.
1.23 Disruption to Local Communities
The Contractor shall take all measures necessary to avoid nuisance and disruption to local communities. In
particular the Contractor shall ensure no damage is done to crops, pasture or woodland and outside the area
for which the Engineer's approval for land clearance has been given. In addition, the Contractor shall ensure
that all irrigation supplies to such areas are maintained and that the Contractor's operations do not cause
flooding or pollution hazards. The Contractor shall also take action to avoid disruption of roads, and utilities
such as those for water supply, electricity and communication lines.
1.24 Public Safety and Sign Boards and Safety Barriers
The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to ensure the safety of the public at and adjoining the
Site. The Contractor shall also take all reasonable measures to prevent the public from entering those parts
of the Site where work is in progress or where there exists any potential hazard to the public, and where
necessary, adopt effective measures to prevent the public from getting close to the dangerous areas of the
Site or being endangered by the construction activities. Posters and/or warning signs in locally understood
languages drawing the attention of the public to the potential hazards in connection with the Works shall be
displayed at prominent
locations around the Site.
The Contractor shall adopt proper signage at prominent positions on site informing the public about the
works, Contractor and the Employer. The Contractor shall also provide and maintain safety standards in
sites providing adequate signage, fencing, barricades, warning signs, taping of areas, lighting and traffic
flagging as required. Important structures may also have plaques stating the works, date and employer's
information, etc. as discussed and approved by the Engineer. The location, dimensions and style of the sign
boards and plaques shall be as per the approval of the Engineer.
1.25 Environment and Social Aspects
The contractor shall comply with relevant environmental laws, safety and health as well as social aspects as
required by the relevant environmental protection Acts and regulations. The environmental and social36
aspects are defined in Part 9, Clauses 9.01to9.25 of this Specifications.


PART2
2. EARTHWORKS
2.01 Definitions
The following definitions of earthworks materials shall apply to this and other clauses of the Specification in
which reference is made to the defined materials:
"Suitable material" shall comprise all material which arises from excavations within the Site or brought from
outside and which is approved by the Engineer as acceptable for use in the Works.
"Unsuitable material" shall mean other than suitable material and shall comprise:
• material from swamps, marshes and bogs;
• logs, stumps and perishable materials;
• material susceptible to spontaneous combustion;
• Clay of liquid limit exceeding ninety (90) and/or plasticity index exceeding sixty-five (65); and any
material that has either due to excessive moisture, segregation, deterioration, lack of proper storage
or usage is not usable such that, in the opinion of the Engineer, it no longer complies with the
specified requirements for that type of material.
"Common" material shall mean all material other than that defined as "rock".
"Rock11 shall mean any hard natural or artificial material requiring the use of approved pneumatic or
hydraulic breakers and tools for its removal but excluding individual masses less than 0.5 m3.
The earthworks shall comply, in general, with the British Standard BS 6031:2009 Code of practice for
earthworks or equivalent international standards unless stated otherwise in the Contract documents or
directed by the Engineer.
2.02 Classification of Excavation
Following classes of excavation shall apply:
Common excavation: this comprises all excavation made in all "common" soil as defined in Clause 2.01 or
soil and sand mixed with pebbles, boulders in the river/seasonal stream bed or banks or canal profiles.
Rock Excavation: Rock will include any hard material complying, in the opinion of the Engineer, with the
definition given in Clause 2.01.
Borrow Excavation: shall be limited to excavation taken from borrow pits and cut areas.
2.03 Excavation
All excavation shall be carried out to the lines and levels shown on the drawings or to such lines and levels
as the Engineer may direct. The Contractor shall not begin excavations before the formation level and
dimensions of the canal cross-sections and structures are finalized and available at the working site.
Excavations for structures, pits and trenches shall be of the minimum size necessary to construct the
permanent work. Slope stability of vertical slopes and safety of workers and property shall be ensured. The
Contractor shall trim all permanent excavation to the lines and levels shown on the drawings. Excavation
shall generally be executed in such a manner as to ensure that the side slopes, as shown on the drawings, are
not in any way endangered by undercutting. Deep vertical excavations shall be sloped or in steps, depending
upon the field conditions and strengthened by proper shoring and shuttering to ensure safety at work place.
As far as practicable, all suitable materials from the excavations shall be used in embankment and backfill of
structures. The Contractor shall dispose of unsuitable or excess soil of the excavated material in a place that
is acceptable to the local community and such that it does not interfere with proper functioning of the works,
cause drainage or other environmental problems.
37
All necessary precautions shall be taken to preserve the material below and beyond the lines of all
excavation in the soundest possible condition. Any damage to the work due to the Contractor’s operations,
including shuttering to the material beyond the required excavation lines, shall be repaired at the expense of
and by the Contractor. Any and all excess excavation or over-excavation performed by the Contractor for
any purpose or reason, except as may be directed in writing by the Engineer, shall be at the expense of the


Contractor. Excavation done to a greater depth than necessary shall be filled to the required level with
concrete of appropriate class or other material approved by the Engineer.
The bottom and side slopes of excavation against which concrete is to be placed shall be finished accurately
to the dimension shown on the drawings or as prescribed by the Engineer and the surface so prepared shall
be moistened with water and tamped or rolled with suitable tools or equipment for the purpose of securing a
firm foundation. If at any point the natural foundation material is disturbed during the excavation process or
otherwise, it shall be brought to the notice of the Engineer and all disturbed loose material shall be removed
and filled in with suitable concrete or aggregates and compacted as directed by the Engineer.
No heavy machinery or vehicles shall be operated near the excavation pit and a proper set-back or operating
distance is maintained so that no damage to the excavation or foundation site can occur. Proper drainage or
dewatering shall be provided to keep the excavation pits dry and workable.
2.04 Removal of topsoil
Immediately after clearing operations and before excavation commences, topsoil shall be removed to such depth as
directed from the surfaces of borrow area, stockpile sites, the areas to be back-filled and areas of Works where surface
excavation is required. Topsoil is defined as the surface or top layer of soil, including fine roots, herbaceous vegetation
and overlying grass; and is characterized by the presence of organic matter. During site clearance, where appropriate
and as required by the Engineer, topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled by a method agreed by the Engineer and in an
area designated or agreed by the Engineer
Topsoil shall be removed within 2m outside the limits of required excavation and the surface shall not be
disturbed beyond these limits. Removal of topsoil will not be required from disposal areas.
2.05 Embankment Earth-filling
Embankment shall include the construction of all embankments for the main canal, drains, roads, natural
rivers, structures and filling in other parts of the Works with suitable materials obtained from the main
canals, drains, rivers and structure excavation, or extracted from borrow areas.
All embankments shall be constructed to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. The materials for embankment shall not contain any stumps, brush, weeds, roots, clods and any
matter that may decay.
Not less than seven (7) days before the Contractor intends to commence the work, the Contractor shall
submit to the engineer for his approval details of the proposed method of obtaining embankments materials.
The Contractor shall not commence any work necessary for furnishing the materials until the Engineer’s
approval has been obtained.
The entire ground surface to be under an embankment shall be scarified or ploughed thoroughly to a depth
not less than 150 mm, and be compacted to meet requirements as specified by the embankment.
Where the ground surface to be under an embankment is not suitable for a foundation, as determined by the
engineer, the Contractor shall strip the area to be under the embankment down to such depth as may be
directed. The material so removed shall be disposed of as directed by the Engineer.
Before commencing embankment filling, and from time to time as may be considered necessary by the
Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials in the presence of the Engineer on each type of
soil to be used. He shall carry out all necessary laboratory and field testing as required by the Engineer and
shall
submit to the Engineer the results of all tests.
Following the completion of compaction trials, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for his approval,
proposals for the compaction of each type of material. The Contractor's proposal shall include reference to
38
the types of equipment, operating weights and tire pressure, method of adjusting moisture content, number
of passes and loose depth of each layer.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the results of the compaction trials indicate that the Contractor's proposed
equipment and methods will achieve the densities specified, the Engineer shall approve the same.
Notwithstanding the Engineer's approval of any of the Contractor's equipment or methods, the Contractor


shall at all times, be solely responsible for executing the works in accordance with the Specifications.
All the earthwork in embankments, and backfilling of structures, shall be spread in layers of uniform
thickness not exceeding 200 mm over the entire width. The moisture content of the spread material shall be
checked prior to commencement of compaction. If it is found to be outside the specified limits, the same
shall be adjusted by watering or drying to the permissible limits specified, only then the soil shall be
compacted by mechanical rollers to not less than the specified percentages of the maximum dry density. The
compacted layer shall be tested by the Contractors for checking the density and other parameters in
accordance with the frequencies specified in these Specifications.
For embankments, if the results of the field density tests show less than the specified density in a certain
layer, the whole reach will be rejected and re-compaction shall be required. Successive layers shall not be
placed until the layer under construction has been approved by the Engineer.
The Bill of Quantities may have different types of embankment for measurement and payment depending
upon the source of embankment materials, height of embankment and the haulage distances. The items shall
be as specified in the Bill of Quantities and the rates as agreed to in the contract award.
Before the material for the first layer of the embankment is placed, the foundation for the embankment shall
be prepared and shall be moistened or dried and compacted in the manner hereinafter specified.
Material for filling shall be obtained from approved sources or selected from excavations and shall contain
no organic, plastic or undesired perishable matter. It shall be graded to ensure a dense, stable and
homogeneous fill when compacted. The material shall be deposited in horizontal layers and thickness of
each horizontal layer, after compaction, shall not be more than 200 mm in any case. All lumps or clods of
heavy clay shall be thoroughly broken down by means of proper instruments, and moisture control of the
materials shall be thoroughly carried out so as to ensure the specified dry density. Compaction shall not be
permitted until the moisture content of the soil has been adjusted and approved by the Engineer.
Moisture content, checked in accordance with IS 2720 (Part II), at the time of compaction shall be between
97 per cent and 103 per cent of the Optimum Moisture Content. The natural moisture content and the
optimum moisture content of the material shall be checked before compacting it. If they are found to be
outside the specified limits, the same shall be made good. Where water is required to be added, water shall
be sprinkled from a water tanker fitted with a sprinkler capable of applying water uniformly and then
thoroughly mixed in the soil by blading or harrowing until a uniform moisture content, as specified, is
obtained throughout the depth of the layer. If the material delivered is too wet, it shall be dried by aeration
and exposure to sun, until the
moisture content is acceptable for compaction.
The Contractor shall have deemed to have taken into account the fact that the materials encountered may
vary widely with respect to them in-situ moisture content and the moisture content at which the materials are
to be compacted. Accordingly, the materials may have to be wetted by adding water, or dried to the required
degree, along with intimate mixing of the entire mass of the materials.
When the materials have been satisfactorily conditioned, it shall be compacted by pneumatic tired rollers,
sheep-foot rollers, tamping rollers, vibrating rollers, steel tired rollers, and vibration rollers with pad-foot or
by mechanical tampers upon the Engineer's approval after spreading the materials horizontally. Hand
tampers shall not be permitted. Where mechanical tampers are used to compact soils in confined areas, they
shall be equipped with suitably shaped heads to obtain the required density.
Where placing and spreading operations will be carried out by hand method which deposits materials
directly from the excavation by human power, with the Engineer's approval, the materials shall be
thoroughly compacted by mechanical tamper or other approved means. Hand tamper will not be permitted.
39
The Engineer may, in special cases, approve manual embankment construction including haulage of
material, spreading, compaction and finishing due to specific nature and scope of the works not possible
with mechanical means. In such cases, the compaction shall be in layers of 100 mm and the testing of
compaction shall be as specified for mechanical compaction.


The dry density of the soil in the compacted materials shall not be less than ninety-five (95) percent of the
maximum dry density as determined by the Standard Proctor Compaction Test (ASTM: D698-42T) for the
materials being compacted with a probability of maximum ten (10) percent failure except as otherwise
directed by the Engineer. The minimum number of samples for testing shall be as specified in the relevant
sections.
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, embankment shall be constructed evenly over the full width.
The surface of the embankment at all time during construction shall be maintained at such a cross-fall as to
prevent ponding of rain water.
Different layers shall be constructed one after another. In the time that might elapse between the acceptance
of a lower layer and the placing of the overlying layer, if any damages such as cracking, rutting,
corrugations, pot holes, erosion, etc. are caused to the lower layer due to whatever reasons, such damages
shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own cost. The methods employed for repairing damages shall
include scarification with recompaction or reconstruction using new materials, as directed by the Engineer.
Finishing operations shall include the work of shaping and trimming the side slopes to conform to the levels,
cross-sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Both the upper and
lower ends of the side slopes shall be rounded off to improve appearance and to merge the embankment with
the adjacent terrain. Embankment slopes after trimming work shall be compacted by mechanical tamper or
approved means. In deposition of fill material, the Contractor shall ensure that a good bond is achieved
between
layers of fill, and unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, no material shall be placed on previously
compacted layers unless the surface has been scarified or otherwise broken up and, if necessary, watered.
When the difference in level between adjacent areas to be filled exceeds 1 m, the edge of the higher area
shall be benched before fill material is placed against it. Fill material shall not be deposited by end-tipping,
by pushing loose material down slope faces or by other methods which may result in segregation or
inadequate compaction of the fill material unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer for special cases such
as excess material deposition in pits and depressions outside the work area. The Contractor shall carry out
tests to determine the natural and optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density of soils in a
given area. Then the Engineer shall determine the allowable moisture content range of the materials and the
maximum thickness of each layer after spreading. The frequency of tests shall be as
follows:
Particle Size: every 2,000 cu.m or every change in source

Atterberg's Limits: every 2,000 cu.m or every change in source
Moisture Density: every 2,000 cu.m or every change in source
Moisture Content: every 500 sq.m
Field Density: every 500 sq.m
No separate payment shall be made for the field embankments tests. All cost of furnishing, materials, labors,
construction equipment and executing, the field embankment test be included in the unit rates for applicable
embankment items in Bill of Quantities.
The Contractor shall carry out control tests on fill materials as required in the Specifications, as and when
required by the engineer. The Engineer shall have unrestricted access to Contractor’s soil laboratories and
their test result. Tests required are:
Moisture content IS 2720 Part II or BS 1377-1a

Grain size analysis BS 1377 – 7B and 7C
Liquid limit BS 1377 – 2A
Plastic limit BS 1377 – 3
Compaction test IS 2720 Part VIII 40
Field density tests Earth Manual, USBR
The Contractor shall provide necessary equipment, labour and transport for carrying out the sampling and
testing in the Site laboratory. The soil samples shall be stored and tested at the Site laboratory under the


supervision of the Engineer.
2.06 Trench Excavation

Trenches for all pipe lines and foundation of structures such as culverts shall be excavated to required lines
and bottoms taken out to the exact gradients using profiles and boning rods or other suitable devices. No
excavations shall begin before the formation level and dimensions of the structures are finalized. The sides
of excavations shall be vertical unless required otherwise due to slope instability, safety concerns or
otherwise permitted by the Engineer.
The trench shall be of sufficient width to enable the pipes to be properly laid and jointed. No excavation
shall be filled in or covered with concrete until the Engineer has inspected it and the Contractor has been
authorized to proceed with the works. All surplus excavated materials from such excavation not required for
refilling shall be carted away to tips or otherwise disposed of, as directed.
All excavations shall be kept dry and all bating and pumping, timbering, shoring and supporting of sides that
may be required, and any refilling, ramming and disposal of surplus materials necessary in carrying out the
excavations and back filling of trenches shall be included in the prices of excavations. Special care shall be
taken to provide a solid bed for the barrels of the pipes and where a concrete bed is not specified, the floor
of the trench shall be properly shaped to receive the socket. The length of the trench open ahead of pipe
laying shall not exceed 200 m.
Trenches shall have a width not less than that shown on the drawings and shall have vertical sides unless the
Engineer has approved the use of sloping sides in lieu of timbering. The bottom 50 mm of trench shall be
left undisturbed until immediately before the pipe is to be laid when it shall be trimmed accurately by hand
to the correct grade. If no bedding is required joint holes shall be formed as necessary so that the pipe, when
laid is bedded on the entire length of its barrel on the firm and undisturbed bottom of the trench.
2.07 Rock Cutting in Trenches for Pipes
Where solid rock is met within trenches, it shall be cut up to a depth of 150 mm below the intended levels of
the bottom of the pipes and replaced with 150 mm of concrete of the appropriate class or suitable bedding
material as specified or otherwise directed by the Engineer. In measuring such rock excavation, the
Contractor will be allowed a width of 300 mm more than the external diameter of the pipes to a level of 150
mm below the bottom of the pipes. The prices inserted in Bills of Quantities shall be held to cover all
expenses in connection with excavating the rock, back filling after laying of pipes and disposing of surplus
materials as directed by the Engineer and stated in the Bill of Quantities (BOQ).
2.08 Refilling of Slips and Over Excavation
The Contractor shall fill with approved material and consolidate all voids formed by over excavation, slips,
rain, flooding or any other cause whatsoever at his own expense and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
2.09 Back Filling
In all excavations where the excavated material is required to be returned to the excavation as backfill,
suitable material shall be set aside during excavation and shall be kept free from contamination with top soil,
vegetable matter or other unsuitable material, failing which the Contractor shall at his own expense import
suitable material from elsewhere. Back filling shall not be placed in waterlogged excavations. Backfill
material which is in the opinion of the Engineer too wet, shall not be used until it has dried out sufficiently.
Excessively dry backfill material shall be watered during backfill. The Contractor's rates shall allow for any
additional costs these measures may entail.
No back filling shall be carried out without the permission of the Engineer that will normally only be given
when the Work has been inspected, tested and approved. After such permission has been given, back filling
shall be carried out as soon as possible. The utmost care shall be taken to ensure that no damage occurs to
the Works and compaction methods employed shall be approved by the Engineer and shall ensure that
excessive loads are not placed on pipes or structures upon or around which the backfill is being placed.
41
Unless specified otherwise all back filling shall be carried out in layers not exceeding 200 mm, such layers
being brought up evenly around and above the work and well consolidated before the next layer is placed.
Where compaction is carried out by hand, rammers of not less than 4 kg in weight shall be used and the ratio
of men employed in ramming and filling shall be two to one.


2.10 Back Filling of Trenches
Back filling of trenches up to a level of 200 mm above the pipe shall be carried out with suitable fine
material with a maximum particle size of 20 mm and shall be placed in layers not exceeding half the
diameter of the pipe, kept at the same level on each side of the pipe, and carefully rammed under and around
it to a density of 90% Modified AASHTO.
Where embankments are required to ensure sufficient cover to the pipes they shall be constructed to the
dimensions shown on the drawings or indicated by the Engineer. They shall be built up evenly over their full
width in layers not exceeding 200 mm and consolidated using tampers or mechanical compacting
equipment. The cost of trimming the sides to shape and forming drainage ditches at the toe shall be included
in the same rate.
2.11 Borrow Pits
If there is insufficient suitable material for use in embankment formation, back filling of trenches, road
formation or additional material is required if the Engineer so agrees or orders, the Contractor shall supply
such materials from borrow pits. The Contractor shall obtain approval of the Engineer about the location of
borrow pits and shall adhere to instructions in regard to the area, width, depth and slope of the borrow pits to
be excavated. Approval on the depth of overburden, if any, to be removed shall also be obtained. Prior to
excavating materials from borrow pits, the Contractor shall strip all unsuitable overburden and lay it aside.
The use as fill of this and other unsuitable material will not be permitted.
After the use of a borrow pit has been finally discontinued, the overburden and any other unsuitable material
previously laid aside shall be replaced in the pits, spread and levelled as required. The sides of the borrow
pits shall be graded and the whole area shall be left in a tidy, regular and self-draining state, all to
satisfaction of the Engineer.
If the borrow pits are from private properties, the Contractor, at his own cost, shall pay to the owners of such
borrow areas the cost for procurement of the materials from such privately-owned areas. Borrow pits may be
situated on both sides of the embankment depending on the availability of the soil, but shall not be within
ten (10) metres from the toe of a completed embankment or other works.
Except where stated otherwise elsewhere, no direct payment shall be made for the operation and
maintenance of borrow pits, including clearing, stripping, excavation and any other works to acquire the
embankment materials from the borrow areas. These costs shall be included in the appropriate unit rates for
filling or embankment for which materials are used from the borrow areas.
2.12 Disposal of Surplus Material
The Contractor shall, during the construction of the works, remove all surplus earth, rock, clay or other
material from excavations and not required for refilling or adjacent embankment works. As trenches are
refilled or work is completed the surplus material from excavations, bricks and other rubbish or waste matter
shall at once be removed, the surface properly restored and sites, roadways and footways left clear.
In general, and if approved of by the Engineer, surplus suitable material from excavations shall, without
extra cost, be spread evenly over areas adjacent to such excavations to form a layer not exceeding 100 mm
thick, provided always that such spreading does not interfere with other work under this Contract, the work
of other Contractors, impedes proper drainage, or with the cultivation or other use of the land.
On no account shall the Contractor start dumping of surplus materials except at places approved of by the
Engineer.
2.13 Compaction
Compaction shall be carried out using suitable mechanical equipment or hand rammers. Compaction for
embankment earth-filling has already been described in Clause 2.05 and this clause shall be applicable for
another general compaction where the Clause 2.05is not applicable. The Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer, for approval, details on the methods of compaction, control of moisture content of fill material
and tools and equipment. Earth shall be optimally moist at the time of compaction to achieve the highest 42
compaction) and compacted in layers not exceeding 200 mm thick where machinery is used and 100 mm
thick where hand-held equipment is used to obtain the compaction specified in the Contractor as directed by
the Engineer. Granular fill shall be compacted to ensure that it has reached minimum volume. Filling around
structures shall be carried out carefully to avoid damage to the structure. The Engineer may require field
tests, laboratory tests on the fill material and the compacted material to ensure that the works are carried out


to the desired specifications and standards.
2.14 Random Backfill at 90%
Random backfill at 900/o shall be deposited in horizontal layers not more than 150 mm thick after being
compacted, and shall be brought to the moisture content required for the purpose of compaction as
instructed by the Engineer and the moisture content shall be uniform throughout each layer. The density of
compacted random backfill shall not be less than 90 per cent of the maximum dry density obtained by
compaction or, where the backfill is a cohesion less soil, granular material to a field dry density not less than
1950 kg/m3. Random backfill shall be placed carefully in the vicinity of any structure so as not to damage
the structure.
2.15 Tests on Earthworks
The contactor shall carry out the control test in the field and in laboratories on the fill material and the
earthwork in backfill, embankment construction to ensure quality of works as required in the Technical
Specification or when required by the Engineer. Tests required in general are as listed below or other similar
tests as directed by the Engineer. Testing and sampling methodologies, frequency and interval shall be as
per standard practices in the British Standards or other equivalent international standards approved by the
Engineer:
• Specific gravity (by ASTM D854-14 method or equivalent)

• Moisture content (by ASTM D2216 - 10 method or equivalent)
• Particle size distribution and coefficient of uniformity (by ASTM D6913-04 method or equivalent)
• Liquid limit and plastic limit tests and determination of Plasticity Index ((by ASTM D4318 – 10
method or equivalent)
• Proctor's test for optimum moisture content and maximum dry density (by ASTM 0698-12 method
or equivalent)
• Field density or in-situ bulk density, in-situ dry density, compaction ratio (by ASTM D6938-15
method or equivalent)
• CBR (California Bearing Ratio) test ((by ASTM 01883-16 method or equivalent)
Field density test should be conducted in each 250m3 of compacted filling material, while other tests such as
proctor test, LL and PL tests should be conducted in 1000 m3 of filling material. The Engineer may require
all or some of these tests depending upon the scope, extent and nature of the physical works.
2.16 Slope Protection by Bio-Engineering Method
This work shall include of furnishing, placing and incorporating all topsoil, grass and fertilizers on
embankment slopes and other locations shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer.
Grass species to be grown shall be of the type that is available locally. Other grass types proven to grow
well under the local conditions may also be used subject to the prior approval of the Engineer.
Fertilizers shall consist of standard commercial materials such as Nitrogen-Phosphate-Potassium shared in

ratio of 16:5:12 or in another suitable ratio approved by the Engineer. The application rate shall be
determined through soil analysis of soil samples taken from the area to be grassed.
The area to be grassed shall be brought to the required slope and section by filling, reshaping eroded areas
and refinishing slopes, etc. The soil shall be loosened to a depth of 100 mm. All clods larger than 200 mm in
diameter shall be crushed. Where necessary, water shall then be applied.
Good quality topsoil shall then be added to the embankment soil. The rate of application shall be equivalent
to 50 mm loose thickness. The topsoil shall then be well mixed with the embankment soil. Fertilizer shall be
spread and thoroughly incorporated into the prepared soil material.
Grass planting shall be started well in advance of the monsoon season to ensure establishment of growth
before the rain sets in and shall not be performed when the ground is muddy or when the soil or weather
conditions would otherwise prevent proper soil preparation and subsequent operations. Grass, as approved,
43
shall be supplied in seeds of approved species and transplanted on the prepared embankment slopes.
Watering of the grassed areas shall be carried out immediately after planting as necessary. After the initial
watering, it shall be applied in sufficient amount as conditions may require to keep the soil and plant roots
moist during the growing period.


The Contractor shall appropriately maintain the grassed areas. Any erosion or slippage of the soil caused by
watering shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.
The embankment slope facing shall be measured in square metres of finished and accepted work. Payment
for the work shall be made at the unit rate per square metre of the faced area as indicated in Item No. A-11
of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall be deemed to include the cost of furnishing all labour, material,
incidentals for carrying out the work including preparation of grass-bed, fertilizing and planting of grass as
specified, watering, maintenance and all other procedures specified herein.
2.17 Turfing
This work shall consist of furnishing all topsoil, grass and fertilizers and placing and incorporating the same
on embankment slopes and other locations shown on the Drawing s or directed by the Engineer.
Grass sod shall be of the type that is available locally. Other grass types proven to grow well under the local
conditions may also be used subject to the prior approval of the Engineer.
Fertilizers shall consist of standard commercial materials such as Nitrogen-Phosphate-Potassium shared in

ratio of 16:5:12 or in another suitable ratio approved by the Engineer. The application rate shall be
determined through soil analysis of soil samples taken from the area to grass.
The area to be turfed shall be brought to the required slope and cross-section by filling, reshaping eroded
areas and refinishing slopes, etc. The soil shall be loosened to a depth of 100 mm. All clods larger than 200
mm in diameter shall be crushed. Where necessary, water shall then be applied Good quality topsoil shall
then be added to the embankment soil.
The rate of application shall be equivalent to 50 mm loose thickness. The topsoil shall then be well mixed
with the embankment soil.
Fertilizer shall be spread and thoroughly incorporated into the prepared soil material. Grass sod turfing shall
be started well in advance of the monsoon season to ensure establishment of growth before the rain sets in
and shall not be performed the rain sets in and shall not be performed when the ground is muddy or when
the soil or weather conditions would otherwise prevent proper soil preparation and subsequent
operations.
Grass, as approved, shall be supplied in sods cut in sections of about 300 mm x 300 mm square. The grass
sods shall be cut in such a way as to provide a minimum 50 mm root and topsoil matrix adhering to the sods.
The grass sods shall be placed and gently worked into the prepared bed. The grass cover shall be at least 90
per cent of the area to be grassed, and evenly distributed over the area specified to be grassed the whole area
shall then be gently rolled and tamped. Watering of the grassed areas shall be carried out immediately after
planting. After the initial watering, it shall be applied in sufficient amount as conditions may be required to
keep the soil and plant roots moist during the growing period.
The Contractor shall appropriately maintain the grassed areas. Any erosion or slippage of the soil caused by
watering shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.
The turfing/sod facing shall be measured in square metres of finished and accepted work. Paying for turfing
shall be made at the unit rate per square metre of the turfed/sod faced area as indicated in the Bill of
Quantities. The unit rate shall be deemed to include the cost of furnishing all labour, material, incidentals for
carrying out the work including preparation of grass-bed, fertilizing and planting of grass as specified,
watering, maintenance and all other procedures specified herein.
2.18 Measurement of and Payment for Earthworks
The tendered prices for earthworks shall include all associated work such as setting out, side sloping,
timbering, shoring, strutting, storm water protection, dewatering, draining, trimming to line and level or
grade, removing tree roots and obstructions as specified, disposal of soil and surplus material, testing to
confirm compliance with the specifications and all other contingent works not billed specifically otherwise
44
in the bill of quantities.
All excavations shall be measured net to the lines and levels specified on the drawings or otherwise by the
Engineer. Where not specified by the Engineer to the contrary sides of excavations shall be taken as vertical.
The depth of excavation shall be taken as the depth from the actual cleared ground level to the formation


level specified by the Engineer or, in the case of trench excavation for sewer, water, drainage or other pipes
or culverts to the invert level specified by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed in
his rates for any additional excavation:
• Necessary to accommodate the thickness of pipes or culverts and the specified bedding.
• Necessary to accommodate the joints of pipes or culverts
• Due to inadvertent over break.
• Due to over break in rock specified elsewhere for trench excavations for pipelines.
45


PART 3
3. CONCRETE WORKS
3.01 Concrete General
Concrete shall consist of cement, fine and coarse aggregate, water, and admixtures, if any permitted,
thoroughly mixed, placed and compacted as specified in the Technical Specification or instructed by the
Engineer. The Concrete mix shall be designed, in general, to obtain the required minimum strength,
workability and durability as economically as possible. The Contractor shall design the mix, carry out
required tests and obtain Engineer's approval to use in the construction site as detailed in the specifications.
However, the Engineer may permit the use of standard mix of approved materials from approved sources for
local small construction jobs with
relatively small concrete volumes where the process of designing mixes, carrying out tests and verifications
may not be practical and justify the additional costs incurred.
Before starting concreting the Contractor shall obtain formal written permission from the Engineer on site.
The Contractor shall submit a written request at least 48 hrs before concrete pour. The Engineer or his
representative shall allow concreting after ascertaining the required lines and levels, suitability of formwork,
availability of required plant and labour, proper fabrication and spacing of the steel bars and quality and
quantity of cement and aggregates.
3.02 Drawings, Calculations and Method Statements
Before commencement of the concrete works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his approval:
• Detailed Method Statements with related working drawings necessary for the construction,
transportation and placing at site,
• Detailed construction drawings, and
• The Method Statement. The statement shall contain, among others, details about the following, but
shall not be limited to:
• Detailed time schedule showing the preparation, production, testing and placing activities
• Details about material sources
• Construction method
• Details about placing the concrete
• Details of the vibration system to consolidate the concrete during construction
• Details of cooling system (method)
• Details of the curing system
• Transportation method
• Placing method
• Quality control system and quality assurance plan, etc.
The dimensions shall not be obtained by scaling from the Drawings. Dimensions that are not shown on the
Drawings or calculable from dimensions shown on the Drawings shall be obtained from the Engineer.
3.03 Cement
All cement shall be from reputable manufacturers and conform to ASTM C150/Cl50M - 16 standards or BS
EN 197-1 for Portland Cement, BS 4027 for Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC) or other
equivalent international standards obtained with approval from the Engineer.
Cement shall be stored where it cannot be damaged by rain or moisture, shall be free of lumps and used in
the order it was received at site. Sulphate-resisting cement shall be used for foundations and ordinary
Portland cement for other works or as directed by Engineer or his representative.
Before any cement is ordered or brought on to the site, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a detailed
list of the sources, country or countries of origin and manufacturer's brand names of the types of cement
proposed to be used. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, without charge, test certificates (for
physical, and chemical tests) relating to each consignment of cement. Each certificate shall show that a
46
sample of the consignment has been tested by the manufacturer or by an approved laboratory and that it
complies in all respects with the requirements of the Technical Specifications.
The cement will be tested in accordance with and shall meet the requirements of the Technical
Specification. When required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall supply samples of cement taken on


delivery to, or during storage on the Site, for testing at a nominated laboratory without extra charge.
The Engineer may call for new tests, at the Contractor's expense, in particular if the cement has been stored
for a long time, to verify that the cement has not deteriorated and still conforms to the standards.
3.04 Concrete Aggregates
All concrete aggregates (sand & gravel) shall be furnished by the Contractor from sources approved by the
Engineer. They shall be free from organic material, lumps of soft material, clay, chalk, lime, peat, loam, soft
clayey shale or decomposed stone, vegetable and other impurities.
Fine aggregate shall be clean, hard and durable crushed rock, or natural sand and should not include any
noticeable amount of silt and clay. If the sand adheres together, when dried after wetting with pH neutral
water, it shall be considered unsuitable. Coarse aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable crushed rock or
natural gravel. Friable and flaky pieces such as mica and shale shall not be present. The aggregates must
comply with BS 882 or equivalent, but "all-in" aggregate or a mix of both fine and coarse fractions in a
single blend, shall not be permitted.
Testing of Aggregate
Testing of aggregates is to be in accordance with BS 812 or equivalent standards after seeking Engineer's
approval or as specified herein.
For each source of aggregate and at least three weeks prior to the preparation of trial mixes samples of
aggregates together with the results of the tests listed below shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval
of the sources of aggregate and quality:
• Grading analysis, as specified below in Table 3.1 and 3.2 or according to ASTM C136 or BS 812
• Mechanical properties. 10% Fines Value Test to BS 812 or ASTM C786
• Silt, clay and dust fractions in fine and coarse aggregates as per decantation method to BS 812 or
ASTM C127 and C128
• Specific gravity and water absorption to BS 812 or ASTM C127 and C128
• Sodium sulphate soundness test to ASTM C88
• Alkali-aggregate reactivity to ASTM C227 and/or ASTM 289
• Chloride content test to BS 812 or ASTM Cl 14
• Mica content by physical separation techniques
• Flakiness and elongation indices to BS 812
• Shrinkage test to BRE Digest 35 (2nd series) or ASTM C157
Approval of a source of aggregate by the Engineer shall not be construed as constituting the approval of all
materials to be taken from that source and the Contractor shall be responsible for the specified quality of all
such materials used in the Works during all times of construction. The Contractor shall not obtain
aggregates from sources which have not been approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall supply samples of aggregates when required by the Engineer periodically during
construction, or as directed by the Engineer from each source of aggregate approved. If the routine tests
carried out by the Engineer show the aggregate to be not to the same standard as originally approved, then
subsequent testing to obtain acceptable aggregates shall be undertaken by the Contractor at his cost.
If fines exist in the aggregates exceeding the allowable limits, then it may be corrected by washing and
screening as necessary to produce aggregates meeting the specified requirements. Should mica be present in
unacceptable quantities, its removal shall be effected by techniques approved by the Engineer. The costs of
all such washing, treatment and screening shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rates.
Aggregates shall be stored in separate stockpiles in such a manner that the segregation of sizes within the
stockpile, intermingling of materials from separate stockpiles or bins is not possible and measures are taken
to prevent contamination by mud, rubbish, windblown dust or vegetation. Aggregate stockpiles shall be
47
provided with adequate drainage to ensure rapid drainage of the aggregates. The storage arrangements shall
be to the approval of the Engineer.


Fine Aggregates
The grading of fine aggregate shall lie within one of the grading zones given in Table 3.1. Fine aggregate
shall consist of natural sand or a mixture of natural sand and crushed gravel or crushed rock. The aggregate
shall not contain any flint, dirt or lime. The quantity of silt, clay and dust shall not exceed 3% by weight of
the sample. The content of mica shall not exceed 3% by weight of the sample. The aggregate shall not
contain any deleterious material in such form or in sufficient quantity as to affect adversely the quality of
concrete.
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregates shall be well graded within grading limits given in Table 3.2. Nonetheless, the maximum
nominal size of the gravel shall be 80mm in mass concrete, 40mm in structural concrete and 20 mm in other
thin concrete structures like slabs. Single sized aggregates may also be specified by the Engineer as per BS
882 for specific purposes such as precast concrete products or other special concrete.
3.05 Water for Concrete

Clean fresh water is to be used for the mixing of all concrete and mortar, or curing of concrete after the
concrete has been laid Water that is safe to drink shall be considered suitable for making concrete. The
water shall be free from hydrocarbons and from suspended organic matter. Inorganic matter in solution shall
not exceed 500 parts per million by weight and in suspension shall not exceed 30 parts per million by weight
The Contractor shall test the water which he proposes to use and shall submit the records of such tests to
the Engineer before placing any concrete in the Permanent Works. The Contractor shall make regular tests
of the water taken from the points of delivery into the other ingredients of concrete and mortar in a pattern
and at a frequency approved by the Engineer and shall furnish the Engineer with two copies of each test
results.
48
3.06 Admixtures for Concrete
The Contractor shall obtain approval of any admixtures that is proposed to be used in concrete or mortars
from the Engineer. The pigments for ordinary Portland cement shall comply with BS 1014 or ASTM C979
or equivalent; while the use of accelerating or retarding or water reducing or super-plasticizing admixtures
shall comply with BS 5057 or ASTM C494. Alternatively, ASTM type A, F, G admixtures may also be used


for concrete to improve the workability, durability, and permeability of the concrete with the prior approval
of the Engineer.
3.07 Steel Reinforcing Bars
Steel reinforcement shall be steel bars manufactured to international standards with a minimum yield stress
of 250N/mm2 for mild steel, high yield steel grade 4501425 with the minimum stress of 415 N/mm2 for
deform bar as indicated in the Drawings and Bill of Quantities or as directed and according to BS 4449, BS
4461 or ASTM A615 or another approved standard. Steel fabrics shall comply with BS 4483 or ASTM
A820.
The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with certificates of the manufacturer, issued in accordance with
Clause 12 of BS 4449: 1997, for all the required tests including the re-bend test before each shipment, and
inspection at site will be made by the Engineer in accordance with the Specifications.
The Contractor shall prepare test specimens of steel reinforcement to be used in the works. Test specimens
shall be taken in the presence of the Engineer and shall be of a size sufficient to carry out the specified test.
The test specimens shall be tested in an approved laboratory and the certified copies of the results of the
tests shall be submitted to the Engineer. The specimen shall be tested for bending and tensile properties
including yield stress, elongation, tensile strength, bending and re-bending properties, and unit mass. The
methods and requirements for testing shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable specifications of
relevant BS.
If necessary, other equivalent Standards may be followed/ substituted after obtaining the approval of the
Engineer. If ordered by the Engineer, test procedures shall be repeated at the Contractor's own expense for
any new supply of steel reinforcement.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the accuracy of the cutting, bending and placing of the
reinforcement. Reinforcement will be inspected for compliance with the requirements as to grade, size, and
shape, length, splicing locations, position and amount after it has been placed. Repeated bending and
straightening at the same point of the bars will not be allowed.
All reinforcement bars shall, immediately prior to placing, be free from loose mill scale, loose rust, oil,
grease, dirt or other foreign matter. The reinforcement shall be maintained in this condition until concrete is
placed around it. Reinforcement is to be placed and secured in the exact position as indicated on the
drawings and kept in the correct position in the forms without displacement during the process of vibrating,
tamping and ramming the concrete in place. All free ends of the plain round bars shall have hook as shown
on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Bars shall be bound together with best mild steel wire which
shall be twisted tight with proper pliers. The free ends of the binding wire shall be bent inward.
Minimum concrete cover to reinforcement should be 50 mm measured from the outside of the bar, or as
shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer. The distance between any two parallel bars shall not be
less than 5 mm more than the nominal maximum size of aggregate in the concrete, except at approved
locations of splices or laps.
Reinforcing bars or fabric shall be accurately placed and secured in position so that there will be a clear
distance of at least 25 mm between the bars or fabric and any adjacent embedded metal work and so that the
bars and fabric will not be displaced during the placing of concrete.
Reinforcement shall be fixed rigidly in position and secured against displacement. A sufficient number of
intersecting and lapping bars shall be tied using tying wire, tying devices or clips to prevent movement of
the reinforcement. The ends of tying wire, tying devices and clips shall not encroach into the cover to
reinforcement. Laps and joints in reinforcement shall be made only at the specified positions and by the
specified method.
49
Sufficient numbers of cover spacers, chairs, supports and spacers other than cover spacers shall be provided
to maintain the reinforcement in the correct location and to maintain the specified cover at all positions.
Cover spacers, chairs, supports and spacers other than cover spacers shall be placed at a maximum spacing
of 1.5 m. Chairs, supports and spacers other than cover spacers shall be positioned adjacent to or above
cover spacers and shall have at least the same cover as that specified for the reinforcement.

Prefabricated reinforcement cages shall be adequately supported and braced before lifting. Reinforcement
which is free-standing shall be secured in position and braced to prevent movement due to wind and other
loads. For treated finishes, all reinforcement shall be positioned in such a way that the specified minimum
concrete cover can be achieved after the applied treatment.
Chairs, supports and spacers other than cover spacers for reinforcement shall be steel. Cover spacers for
reinforcement shall be concrete blocks or of a proprietary plastic or concrete type. Proprietary plastic and
concrete cover spacers shall be of a type approved by the Engineer. Cover spacers shall be as small as
practicable consistent with their purpose and shall be designed to maintain the specified cover to
reinforcement. Cover spacers shall be capable of supporting the weight of reinforcement and construction
loads without
breaking, deforming or overturning. The strength and durability of concrete blocks and proprietary concrete
cover spacers shall not be less than that of the smrounding concrete.
Reinforcement shall not be welded unless approved by the Engineer. Exposed reinforcement. Reinforcement
that is to be left exposed shall be protected by coating with cement slurry or by other methods agreed by the
Engineer.
Reinforcement shall not be contaminated or displaced as a result of access over the reinforcement. Access
shall be obtained by using planks and ladders or by other methods agreed by the Engineer.
The Contractor must inform the Engineer of the completion of any reinforcement in time, in order to
facilitate its inspection and check of conformity with the Working Drawings well before the concrete is
placed. The Contractor shall make adequate provisions of safety for access to inspection of the
reinforcements.
When the reinforcement has been placed and is ready for concreting, it will be inspected by the Engineer,
and no concrete shall be placed until the reinforcement has been approved by him. The Contractor shall
inform the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance of his intention to have the reinforcement ready for
inspection.
Measurement for payment of furnishing and placing reinforcement bars shall be made only for the weight of
the bars placed in the concrete in accordance with the Drawings, or as approved and directed by the
Engineer. Clips, ties, wastage, overlaps, spacer bars, annealed wire or other material used for positioning
and fastening the reinforcement bars in place shall not be measured for payment. Only reinforcement bars in
laps indicated on the Drawings shall be included in the measurements for payment. Payment for furnishing
and placing reinforcement bars shall be made at the unit rate per weight as described in the Bill of
Quantities, which unit rate shall include the cost of furnishing reinforcement bars, furnishing and attaching
wire ties and metal supports, if used, and of
delivering, unloading, hauling, storing, sorting, cutting bending, cleaning, placing and securing, and
maintaining in position all reinforcement bars, as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
3.08 Drawings and Bar Lists
Steel reinforcing bars or fabric shall be placed in concrete as shown on the Drawings or as directed. A bar
bending schedule may be provided for the Contractor's convenience, but does not constitute a Contract
Document. The Contractor shall prepare for additional structures, in an approved manner, reinforcement
detail drawings showing reinforcement bar lists, bar placement details and bar bending details for each
structure, if such is not provided by the Engineer.
All reinforcing bars shown on the reinforcement detail drawings shall be identified on the bar lists in
accordance with the standard reinforcing bar shapes as shown on the Drawings.
All bar lists shall be identified with the relevant reinforcement detailed drawings and all bars scheduled on
the bar lists shall be defined and dimensioned in a manner approved by the Engineer.
50
3.09 Storage of Steel Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall not be subjected to rough handling, shock loading or dropping from a height.
Reinforcement shall be stored off a levelled, well drained and maintained hard-standing ground on level
supports and in a manner, which will not result in damage or deformation to the reinforcement, or in


contamination of the reinforcement. The reinforcement will be protected from mechanical injury and from
wetting and rusting caused by weather. Fabric reinforcement shall be stored horizontally. Different types
and
dimensions of reinforcement shall be kept separately.
3.10 Cover to Reinforcement

Except where otherwise shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer, the concrete cover in the
finished Permanent Works to the nearest reinforcement (exclusive of concrete blinding, plaster or decorative
finishes) shall be 50 mm for superstructures and 75 mm for foundations and substructures or as defined in
the Drawings. This requirement does not apply to concrete faces in box-outs left for the installation of gates,
etc. Cover shall be maintained by the use or minimum practical number of purpose made concrete blocks or
approved spacers as discussed above.
The cost of cover spacers, blocks, clips, binding wires, etc. shall be deemed to be included in the unit costs
of the reinforcement stated in the Bill of Quantities.
3.11 Concrete Classes
The classes of concrete to be used in the Works shall be as shown on the Drawings, Bills of Quantities or as
directed by the Engineer. The concrete is classified on the basis of its compressive strength at twenty-eight
(28) days as well as the maximum size of the aggregate as shown below (Table 3.3) and nominal mix
proportions shall be used only as a guide.
3.12 Concrete Mix Design
Some characteristics required of concrete produced to design mixes are given in Table 3.4 below. Contractor
shall determine to the approval of the Engineer the actual proportions of ingredients for each class of
concrete or as specified in the Technical Specification.
Table 3.3: Concrete Class, properties, suggested uses and nominal mix proportions
Concrete Concrete Characteristic Maximum Maximum Approx. Nominal Mix

Average Class Cube Strength Aggregate water/cement cement proportions
Slump at 28 days size (mm) ratio (%) content (kg) (Kg/m3)
(mm) (N/mm2)
75 M25 25 20 45 400 1:1:2
75 M20 20 20 45 400 1 : 1.5 : 3
75 M15 15 40 50 310 1:2:4
100 M10 10 80 55 220 1:3:6
100 M5 5 20 60 170 1:4:8
Type Description
M25
Reinforced concrete for superstructure of bridge, flume, pre-cast concrete slab, etc.
M20
M15 Reinforced concrete for various types of concrete structures and concrete lining.
M10 Plain concrete for mass concrete
M5 Plain concrete for foundation and filling purpose (blinding).

51
Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer and except where not consistent with this Specification, such
determination shall be in accordance with the recommendations of BS 8110.1997.part l and BS EN 206-
1/BS 8500:2002 or as per the ASTM or ACI standards.


Under field conditions, the Contractor shall make trial mixes for each class of concrete using the same
materials as proposed for the Permanent Works. The Contractor shall give 24 hours' notice of such trials to
enable the Engineer's Representative to attend trials preparation. For each trial mix, three separate batches of
concrete shall be made. From each batch of concrete, three 150 mm concrete cubes or cylinders shall be
made by the Contractor, cured in the laboratory and will be tested in presence of the Engineer at 7 and 28
days in accordance with BS EN 12350 and 12390 or ASTM C42 or other applicable ACI codes.
Different trial mixes with varying cement content and aggregate ratios can be tried out find the optimum
design mix in terms of workability and strength. A trial mix design will be approved by the Engineer if it is
in compliance with consistency requirements and strength test described in this specification (see sections
3.14: Consistency and 3.15: Compliance with Strength Requirements) in Table 3.4.
The design mixes will have the cement content more than the minimum cement content and less than the
maximum cement content given in Tables 3.4 and 3.5 respectively for the specific class of cement. The
maximum allowable water cement ratio is also given in Table 3.4 above. The minimum cement content is
dependent upon the size of aggregate used for a given class of concrete. Use of smaller aggregates increases
the amount of cement required.
Table 3.4: Concrete Mix Design:

Minimum Cement Content (OPC) (kg/m3) Maximum Minimum
Class Max Aggregate Max Aggregate Max Aggregate water:cement strength
Size 40 mm Size 20 mm Size 10 mm ratio (N/mm2)
M25 260 290 330 0.5 25

M20 240 270 310 0.5 20
M15 220 250 290 0.6 15
Table 3.5 Maximum Cement Content (OPC)
Concrete for water retaining structures and water Concrete other than for water retaining structures and
tight structures water tight structures
440 kg/ m3 550 kg/ m3
Note: Higher maximum cement content is permissible if Portland Fly Ash Cement or Pulverized Fly Ash is used in the mix.
Contractor shall not commence concreting in the Permanent Works until a trial mix design for the class of
concrete required has been approved by the Engineer. Mix Designs preparation shall be the Contractor's sole
responsibility. If the work cube strength derived from these tests do not reach the desired value, the mix
shall be redesigned at no extra cost to the Employer. The Contractor shall not alter the mix proportions or
the source of supply of any of the ingredients without having previously obtained the approval of the
Engineer. The Contractors are encouraged to do trial designs for the concrete strength during the tendering
phase in order to better estimate required material costs.
3.13 Sampling of Concrete
The quality of concrete and its constituent materials will be monitored by tests carried out in the nominated
laboratory on samples provided by the Contractor. Samples required for tests in the nominated laboratory,
shall be supplied and delivered by the Contractor in appropriate containers, suitably packed and labelled.
The Contractor shall supply, service and operate the necessary apparatus for sampling concrete and its
constituent materials in accordance with the standard requirements. Sampling of fresh concrete for such
cubes shall be carried out whenever possible at the place of deposition in the structure. From each such
samples six concrete cubes shall be made; each cube shall be marked indelibly for identification when it is
in the mould. After retention at the site of the structure for 24 hours the cubes shall be delivered to the52
laboratory for removal of moulds, curing and testing. Three cubes shall be tested after 7 days and three after
28 days and the average
results for both 7 days and 28 days shall be considered for examination.


Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer the frequency of sampling the concrete shall be at the rate of one
sample for every 10 m3 of concrete for important structures. Where more than 3 0 m3 of concrete is placed
in one location in one day or for scattered work, the rate of sampling shall be as illustrated in Clause 3.16
hereof. No additional payment will be made for carrying out sampling and testing.
3.14 Consistency
The concrete shall be of such consistency that it can be readily transported, placed and compacted in the
works without segregation and bleeding of the materials. The resulting concrete shall be uniform and free
from honeycombing. The consistency of the concrete as determined by the slump test (BS EN 12350-2 or
equivalent standards for cone test) shall be within the range of 50mm to l00mm. Samples for slump
determination will be taken from the concrete during design mix trials and placing in the formwork.
3.15 Compliance with Strength Requirements
The compressive strength of the concrete shall be based on the compression testing of 150mm concrete
cubes made and tested in accordance with Specification. Of the six cubes/cylinders made from each sample
of fresh concrete and cured in the laboratory, three will be crushed at 7 days and the other three at 28 days.
The average of the three 28 day strengths will be taken as the test result. Compliance with the specified
strength requirements shall always be judged on the 28-day test results.
Concrete shall be considered to have failed to comply with the Specification:
(a) if a test result is less than the testing plan minimum specified for that class of concrete, in which
case the concrete which it represents shall be broken out and removed by the Contractor when
ordered;
(b) if the average of four consecutive test results for that class of concrete shall have failed to exceed
the testing plan mean strength as specified in which case no further concrete of that class shall be
placed in the Permanent Works until the Contractor shall have discovered the cause of such failure
and rectified it to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor shall take such remedial action as
the Engineer may order, and shall, before proceeding further with concreting, submit for their
approval details of the action proposed to ensure that the concrete still to be placed in the Works
shall comply with the Specifications.
Table 3.6: Strength Compliance Values for Different Classes of Concrete

Maximum Testing plan for Concrete Cubes
Grade Cement
Class Aggregate Mean strength Minimum
(BS8110) Type
Size (mm) (N/mm2) strength (N/mm2)
M25 25 OPC 20 28 25
M20 20 OPC 20 23 20
M15 15 OPC 40 18 15
In case, seven (7) days strength shows less than seventy (70) percent of the twenty-eight (28) days mean
strength Engineer may stop further work on that particular portion of concrete, unless twenty eight (28) days
strength gives satisfactory results, otherwise the whole concrete structure shall be dismantled.
3.16 Hardened Concrete Core Test:
The number of samples, including cores, of hardened concrete to be provided for testing shall be as stated in
the Contract or, if testing is to be carried out for verification purposes or as a result of dispute or suspect that
concrete is not complying with the specified requirements, shall be as instructed by the Engineer. All
concrete work being investigated shall be divided as instructed by the Engineer into separate test locations.
The number of samples taken from each location shall be as instructed by the Engineer and the quality of
concrete at each location shall be assessed separately. The positions from which the samples are taken shall
be as instructed by the Engineer. Concrete cores shall not be tested for compressive strength until the
concrete has reached an age of 28 days. 53
Each concrete core shall be inspected for evidence of segregation of the constituents and for the presence of
voids. Specimens selected from each core shall be tested to determine the compressive strength. The cores
shall be obtained and tested accordance with the specifications of BS EN 12504-1 or ACI/AASHTO T-24 or


other approved standards. A minimum of three cores shall be tested. The concrete core shall be considered
as noncompliant if it exhibits honeycombing which means interconnected voids arising from, for example,
inadequate compaction or lack of mortar. The core strength should be converted to equivalent cube/cylinder
strength. If the strength of equivalent cube/cylinder obtained is at least 85% of characteristic of concrete
grade no strength of an individual core is obtained less than 75%, then strength of the concrete shall be
considered acceptable.
Should the above test fail to comply with the requirements, concrete of particular pour shall be rejected and
removed as directed by the Engineer. Furthermore, Contractor shall redesign the concrete mix for approval
of the Engineer.
If the strength of equivalent cube/cylinder obtain is at least 80% of characteristic of concrete grade and no
strength of an individual core is obtained less than 75%, then 0.8 times the characteristic value at the
discretion of Designer shall be accepted as being structurally adequate. However, a rebate of 15% shall be
taken over the quoted item rate.
3.17 Batching of concrete mix
Measuring and weighing equipment for batching concrete shall be maintained in a clean, serviceable
condition. The equipment shall be zeroed daily and calibrated when the equipment is set up on the site and
at a frequency of at least once per month. The accuracy of the measuring equipment shall be within 3% of
the quantity of cementitious materials, total aggregates or water being measured and within 5% of the
quantity of admixtures being measured.
The quantities of cement, fine and coarse aggregate shall be measured by mass except that cement supplied
in bags may be measured by using a whole number of bags in each batch, if the bags are of uniform mass.
The mass of aggregates shall be adjusted to allow for the free moisture content of the aggregates. Separate
weighing equipment shall be used for cementitious material and aggregates. The quantity of water shall be
adjusted for the free moisture content of the aggregates and shall be measured by mass or volume. Liquid
admixtures, if approved for use in the concrete, shall be measured volume and powdered admixtures shall be
measured by mass.
3.18 Mixing Concrete by Machine
Unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer, concrete shall be machine mixed at site.
Where the concrete is to be mixed in machines, these shall be of the batch mixing or other approved type.
The machines shall ensure that all the concreting materials including water is thoroughly mixed together
before any portion of the mixture is discharged. The machines must be capable of discharging their contents
while running.
All classes of concrete shall be mixed for a period not less than 1½ minutes after all materials, including
water, are in the mixer. All mixing water shall be introduced before one-fourth of the mixing time has
elapsed. The mixers shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacity, nor be operated at a speed in excess of
that recommend by the manufacturer, generally between 15 to 20 revolutions per minute. The mixer shall
produce a concrete of uniform consistency and appearance. All mixing equipment shall be cleaned before
commencing mixing and shall be kept free from set concrete.
Any concrete prepared and mixed shall be used immediately. Use of partially set concrete by adding water
and mixing shall not be allowed at all. All partially set concrete or unused concrete at the end of the day
shall be noted and properly discarded as directed by the Engineer.
3.19 Mixing Concrete by Hand
Where concrete is mixed by hand, this shall be done as near as practicable to the site where it is to be
deposited. Clean mixing bankers of platforms of sufficient areas for the proper execution of the work shall
be provided. These platforms if constructed of timber shall consist of planks closely jointed so as to avoid
the loss of any grout or liquid from the wet concrete. The whole of the aggregate and cement shall be turned
over on the banker in a dry state at least three (3) times. The water shall then be added gradually through54 a
rose head, after which the materials shall again be entirely turned over in a wet state at least three (3) times
before leaving the banker. The batch size shall be controlled to ensure that the mixing is done efficiently and
rapidly and all the mixed material is used completely. No fresh dry mix shall be placed on top of an old mix.
3.20 Foundation Preparation for Concrete
Before placing concrete on foundations, the Contractor shall remove from all such surface oil, objectionable


coatings, loose dirt or unsound fragment of earth mud, debris and standing water, to the satisfaction of the
Engineer and he shall keep such surfaces clean and free from standing water during concreting operations.
Where new concrete is to be deposited on or against rock, the surface of the rock shall be toothed to form an
adequate bond.
3.21 Placing of Concrete

The permission of the Engineer shall be obtained before concrete is placed in any part of the permanent
work. Concrete shall be placed and compacted in its final position within 2½ hours of the introduction of
cement to the concrete mix. The arrangements for placing concrete are to be such that in all cases the
material may be conveniently handled and placed in the required position without re-handling or
segregation. It shall not be moved into place by vibration. Trunking or chutes shall be used to place concrete
which will fall more than 2.7 m unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. Trunking or chutes, where
being used, shall be clean and used in such a way to avoid segregation and loss of constituents of the
concrete mix.
Except where otherwise directed, concrete shall not be placed unless the Engineer or his representative is
present and has previously examined and approved the positioning, fixing and condition of reinforcement
and any other items to be embedded and the cleanliness, alignment and suitability of the containing surfaces
or formwork.
Concrete shall be placed in such a manner that the formwork, reinforcement or built-in components are not
displaced. Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, concrete shall be placed in horizontal layers to a
compacted depth of not more than 450 mm if internal vibrators are used and to a compacted depth of not
more than 150 mm for other cases. Concrete shall be placed continuously within the element to be
concreted.
In placing concrete through reinforcement, care shall be taken that no segregation of the coarse aggregate
occurs. On the bottom of beams or slabs, where the congestion of steel near the forms makes placing
difficult, a layer of mortar of a composition compatible with the required concrete strength as directed shall
be first deposited to cover the surface to a depth of approximately 3 cm.
Concrete shall not be placed in or in contact with standing or running water unless so specified or approved.
Concrete shall not be placed against placed concrete which has been in position for more than 30 minutes
unless a construction joint if formed as hereafter specified. When stoppage of concreting operations occurs
for any reason, construction joints shall be placed. Before concreting operations are resumed, the surface of
the concrete shall be cut or chipped to remove all laitance and to expose the aggregate. The surface of the
concrete shall be thoroughly saturated and coated with a proportion of weight of 1:2 cement mortars one (1)
cm thick before the placing of the concrete is resumed.
Concrete as reinforced concrete work shall be deposited in small quantities in a plastic state with a water
cement ratio such to give the specified strength. The depositing of concrete in individual members shall be
continued without stoppage up to an approved pre-arranged construction joint or until the member is
completed and shall be finished off in such a manner that the junction of members shall be monolithic unless
otherwise specified.
Required cube test samples shall be taken and the slump test carried out as per approved protocol to ensure
that the concrete placed is within the stipulated specifications.
3.22 Concreting of Massive Structures

In concrete masses intended to form a watertight curtain in the ground, the concrete shall be
placed in one operation from the bottom of the trench up to ground level or up to general 55
foundation level over the whole length between two pre-arranged construction joints. In other
structures the concrete is to be shuttered off in rectangular sections the width of the block
sufficient for the day's work and each section must be completely filled in one continuous
operation.


The first lift of concrete in mass concrete structures shall not exceed 0.75m in height. Subsequent
lifts shall not exceed 1.50m in height. All lift joints in mass concrete structures shall be provided
with shear keys unless otherwise ordered by the Engineer. Shear keys of minimum depth 0.15m
shall be formed in the lower lift.
The design mix for mass concreting should be done with a lean mix (less cement), well graded aggregates
with as large a maximum size as possible, which reduces the cement content and hence the heat of hydration
that can lead extensive cracks. Use of Pulverized Fly Ash as addition helps lower heat of hydration. Special
design considerations are needed for concreting massive structures and require Engineers approval for the
concreting procedures.
3.23 Concreting in High or Low Ambient Temperature

Where the ambient temperature exceeds thirty-two degrees Celsius (32°C), the Contractor shall take special
measures in the mixing, placing and curing of concrete. The temperature of the concrete when deposited
shall not exceed thirty degrees Celsius (30°C). The Contractor shall carry out all necessary special measures
to ensure that the maximum concrete temperature after placing shall not exceed thirty degrees Celsius
(30°C) at the time of placing. During placing suitable means shall be provided to prevent premature
stiffening of the concrete placed in contact with hot surfaces. The Contractor shall not mix and place
concrete when the ambient temperature falls below three degrees Celsius (3°C).
3.24 Concreting in Adverse Weather

No concreting will be allowed to take place in the open during storms or heavy rains/ snowfall. Where
strong winds are likely to be experienced additional precautions to ensure protection from driving rain and
dust shall also be taken. The Engineer may withhold approval of commencement of concreting until he is
satisfied that full and adequate arrangements have been made.
3.25 Vibration of Concrete

Concrete shall be compacted to form a dense homogeneous mass. Unless otherwise permitted by the
Engineer, concrete shall be compacted by means of internal vibrators of suitable diameter. A sufficient
number of vibrators shall be maintained in serviceable condition on the Site by the contractor to ensure that
spare equipment is available in the event of breakdown.
Vibrators shall be used in such a manner, by skilled persons, that vibration is applied continuously and
systematically during placing of the concrete until the expulsion of air has practically ceased. Vibrators shall
not be used in a manner that will result in segregation or appearance of water film on the surface. Internal
vibrators shall be inserted to the full depth of the concrete placed and shall be withdrawn slowly.
Vibration shall not be applied through reinforcement, and contact between internal vibrators and formwork,
reinforcement or built-in components shall be avoided as far as possible. Concrete shall be vibrated in such a
manner that the formwork, reinforcement or built-in components will not be displaced. Concrete that has
been in position for more than 30 minutes shall not be vibrated.
3.26 Curing and Protection

The Contractor shall take adequate measures to ensure that the concrete shall be kept damp continuously for
a minimum of three (3) days after casting or for such other time as the Engineer may direct. The concrete
surface shall be covered with hessian, sacking, canvas or other absorbent material agreed by the Engineer or
with a layer of fine aggregate at least 25 mm thick. The hessian, sacking, canvas, absorbent material or fine
aggregate shall be kept constantly wet. After removal of this covering the concrete shall then be sprayed
with water for minimum period of a further fourteen (14) days.
All concrete liable to be affected by running water or wave action shall be adequately protected from
damage during the setting period and all temporary protection works shall be to the satisfaction of the56
Engineer.
The contractor may also, with the approval of the Engineer, use alternate curing methods such as use of
polyethylene sheeting over damp concrete surfaces or the use of curing compounds when no further


concrete is to be placed over the curing concrete. A liquid curing compound shall be applied to the concrete
surface by a low-pressure spray until a continuous visible covering is achieved. The application rate shall be
applied as recommended by the manufacturer. For textured surfaces and fluted surfaces, the application rate
shall be adjusted to ensure that full covering is achieved. Covering the adjoining reinforcement or formwork
shall be avoided.
3.27 Joints in Concrete

Joints in concrete shall be provided in manner and position as shown on contract drawings. In the case of
water retaining structures, joints shall be made water-tight by the provision of a continuous water-stop, with
suitable water-resistant filler material and sealant as approved by the Engineer.
Joints required by the Contractor but not intended by the Exhibited Design are in principle subject to the
Engineer's approval. The location and design of such joints are to be depicted in the Drawings that are then
to be submitted to the Engineer in sufficient time. In determining the location of joints, the Contractor must
consider the static requirements of the respective structural member, as well as the special local and climatic
conditions.
3.28 Construction Joints

Definition: Concrete surfaces, upon or against which concrete is to be placed and to which new concrete is
to adhere, that have become so rigid that the new concrete cannot be incorporated integrally with that
previously placed, are defined as construction joints.
Location of Construction Joints: The Contractor shall submit for approval, drawings showing his
proposed location of construction joints not less than 30 days before placing concrete.
Forming Construction Joints: Construction joints shall be approximately horizontal or vertical unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed and shall be given the prescribed shape by the use of forms,
where required, or by other means that will ensure suitable jointing with subsequent work; provided that
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, key-ways will not be required at construction joints. All
intersections of construction joints with concrete surfaces which will be exposed to view shall be made
straight and level or plumb.
3.29 Joint Sealer

The joint sealing material must be resistant to oil, the most common chemicals and sunlight. It shall be of
permanent elasticity, be suitable to carry the structural deformations and must possess an outstanding
adhesion to the concrete. The elastic extension must be at least 150 % and the resistance to heat shall be
between -50 degrees Centigrade and +120 degrees Centigrade, which are to be confirmed by submission of
verified test certificates.
Joint sealer shall be the make of a recognized manufacturer, such as THIPFLEX 600 of EXPANDITE or
equivalent approved. Joint sealer shall be supplied with primer coats, backing material and/or bond breakers
to the joint fitter, as required by the manufactures recommendations.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a statement from the manufacturer(s) of the joint filler and
sealing materials, that these materials are suitable under the prevailing local and structural conditions.
3.30 Water stopper

Size and Material: Water stopper, nominally 225 mm wide, shall be placed in joints of concrete structures as
shown on the Drawings or as directed. The water stopper shall be of extruded polyvinyl chloride complying 57
with BS 2571: Class 3, Compound Type G4. The water stopper shall be of sufficient stiffness so that they
remain in their correct position during concreting. The type shall suit the particular location in the structure
in which the water-stop is to be placed and the pattern shall be such that concrete can be placed all around it
with complete consolidation and no voids or crevices.


Water stopper used in each location shall include at least on approved nailing strip so located that the
efficiency of the water-stop is not impaired, shall have a minimum thickness of 4 mm and shall be as
approved. The width of the water-stop shall be within a tolerance of 10 mm of the nominal width exclusive
during storage. The Contractor shall store the water stopper in such a way that the material does not
deteriorate during storage.
Joints: The number of joints in the water stopper shall be the minimum practicable and all joints and bends
shall be made as approved by the Engineer. The number of straight field joints shall be kept to a minimum
and all 'Tee' and 'Cross' joints shall be factory produced. The Contractor shall protect the water stopper
against perforation or damage during the progress of the work. All joints shall be made in such a manner as
to ensure:
 that the material is not damaged by heat, searing or by the application of cementing materials:
 that the splices have a tensile strength not less than 80 per cent of that required of the specified material;
 that the splice is watertight and free of air bubbles, and
 that the ribs and central bulb, where applicable, match up exactly and are continuous.
3.31 Form Work

Formwork shall include all temporary moulds for forming the concrete, including the ‘herring bone’ steel,
together with all temporary structures required to support such moulds.
The Contractor shall submit drawings and calculations showing details of the formwork he intends to use, to
the Engineer for approval. The drawings shall show the materials proposed and indicate details of
construction, such as sizes of members and spacing, and position of waling, struts, bolts and wedges.
Formwork shall not be constructed until the drawing and the calculations, if applicable, have been approved
by the Engineer. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the sufficiency of
the formwork. Any changes or modifications to the formwork required by the Engineer shall borne by the
Contractor.
Formwork shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of water or mortar from the concrete. Special attention
shall be paid to formwork where pokers or shutter vibrators are to be used.
The steel formwork shall be accurately aligned and with close fitting joints. The outside of the steel
formwork shall be painted in a light color to prevent extreme temperatures due to solar radiation.
Only with the approval of the Engineer can formwork be made from good quality seasoned timber, free
from loose knots, shakes and warped surfaces. This timber shall not be less than 30 mm in thickness and the
board faces in contact with concrete and the board edges shall be planed smooth and joints shall be tongued
and grooved.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, before commencing construction, a set of forms complying
with the above requirements, but such submission to the Engineer or approval by him shall not relieve the
Contractor of any of his responsibilities under the Contract for the successful completion of the structure.
Formwork shall be fixed in perfect line and true plane, with no crevices and joints, and shall be securely
braced, supported and wedged so as to retain its position without displacement or deflection during the
placing and compacting of the concrete.
Joints in formwork shall be made so that no leakage of grout can occur from the concrete. All joints shall be
either horizontal or vertical, unless the form of the finished concrete requires them to be otherwise.
Chamfers measuring 30 mm by 30 mm are to be made to all exposed edges of concrete, unless otherwise
indicated in the Technical Specifications or ordered by the Engineer.
58
Subject to the approval of the Engineer, internal ties may be used. All such fastening shall be so arranged
that when the forms are removed, no metal left permanently in the work shall be within 50 mm of any
surface. The use of wire ties for supporting the forms shall not be permitted in concrete walls which are to
be subject to water, or when the finished surface, required as determined by the Engineer, is to be
permanently exposed; wire ties used for other concrete works shall be cut off flush with the concrete


surface, after the forms are removed.
Connections shall be so formed as to permit the easy removal of the forms without hammering, etc., and
without the necessity of levelling against the surface of the concrete.
Adequate access holes shall be left for the purpose of inspecting, cleaning out the forms and for placing and
compacting the concrete.
Scaffolding (if required) shall be firmly constructed to the satisfaction of the Engineer. No separate payment
shall be made for scaffolding. All scaffolding shall conform to safety requirements and shall be provided
with adequate sole plates or bases for preventing sinking or settlements, braces, ties, so that the scaffolding
system is able to withstand at least four (4) times the construction load that it has to support.
Before placing any concrete, all bolts and the like (if required and which are to be built in) shall be fixed in
their correct positions, and cores and other devices for forming holes, openings, etc., shall be fixed to the
forms. No holes shall be cut in any concrete unless approved by the Engineer.
Surfaces of the forms to be in contact with concrete shall be free from adhering foreign matter, projecting
nailsand the like, grooves, splits or other defects. A non-staining commercial mineral oil or other approved
material shall be applied to the faces of the forms before concreting to prevent adherence to the concrete.
Care shall be exercised to prevent the material applied to the faces of the forms from coming in contract
with the reinforcement, but if this should inadvertently occur, the reinforcement shall be cleaned to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
When forms have been built and have been prepared ready for concreting, they will be inspected by the
Engineer and no concrete shall be placed until the forms have been approved by him. In order to avoid
delays in obtaining approval, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer, at least 24 hours in advance, of his
intention to have the forms ready for inspection.
Any deviation towards the reduction in size (negative side) in measurements of the finished concrete works
is not permitted. Unless specifically indicated on the duly approved Drawings, tolerances on the plus side
can only be accepted up to a range of 4% at the most with a maximum of 5 mm.
Before any concrete is placed, the forms shall be properly cleaned and washed out with water and air under
pressure to remove saw-dust, shavings and all other foreign matter. All water shall then be trained and
mopped out from the formwork. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, moulds are not acceptable for re-use, they
shall be either properly repaired or be substituted by other acceptable moulds.
Forms shall be removed only under skilled supervision and in such a manner as to not damage the concrete.
Forms shall not be removed before the concrete is sufficiently set and hardened. The forms shall not be
struck without the prior approval of the Engineer.
Formwork shall be constructed so that it can be removed without undue shock or vibration. The side shutters
of members can be removed without disturbing the soffit shutters; if the Contractor wishes to leave some of
the props in place when the soffi.t shutters are removed; these props shall not be disturbed during striking. In
the case of heavy loading, folding wedges shall be provided. For pre-stressed units, the side shutters shall be
eased as early as possible and the soffit shutters shall permit movement of the units when the pre-stress is
applied. All
formwork must be removed without damage to the concrete.
The minimum periods which shall elapse between placing concrete and the removal of forms is given
below.
 Sides of beams, walls, columns and piles 48 hours
 Soffits of secondary slabs (props left in) 4 days 59
 Soffits of main slabs (props left in) 8 days
 Soffits of beams (props left in) 8 days
 Removal of props - secondary slabs 10 days
 Removal of props - beams and main slabs 21 days


 Arch centres, wedges eased 8 days
 Arch centres, struck 21 days
The durations given above serve only as a guide and are based on average weather conditions and the use of
Ordinary Cement. Due to variations in site temperatures, different type of cement and depending on the
curing conditions, the Engineer may, at his discretion, vary the time listed above. Compliance with the
above requirements, shall not requirements shall not relive the Contractor of his obligation to delay the
removal of the forms if the concrete has not sufficiently set.
Any damage to the concrete which may occur by the removal of the forms or by overloading, shall be fixed
at the Contractor’s expense and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The measurement and payment for formworks shall be in square meters, unless otherwise included in the
price of the concrete as detailed in the item description of Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall cover the
cost of furnishing all labour, equipment and materials, erecting and removing the forms and scaffolding,
staging, falsework and all incidental costs necessary to complete the works to the required dimensions and
shape, including chamfering in accordance with these Specifications and as instructed by the Engineer.
3.32 Concrete Surface Finish

The concrete surface shall be thoroughly worked during the operation of placing by means of a broad tined
fork or concrete spade of an approved type. The working shall be such as to force all coarse aggregate from
the surface by screeding and troweling with a wood float to produce a smooth finish free from water and air
pockets or honey comb. Screeding shall be carried out, following compaction of the concrete, by the slicing
and tamping action of a screed board running on the top edges of the formwork or screeding guides to give a
dense concrete skin true to line and level. Wood float troweling shall be carried out after the concrete has
stiffened and the film moisture has disappeared.
3.33 Pre-Cast Concrete

With the approval of the Engineer the Contractor may provide pre-cast members which were specified to be
constructed in-situ. Pre-cast concrete units shall be of concrete strength as indicated on contract drawings or
as indicated by the Engineer. The concrete pre-cast units shall be cast in horizontal position, unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer. In general, same concrete quality measures should be applied as for
another concrete component. Generally, members which are structurally dependent on a rigid fixing with
adjoining structures will not be permitted to be constructed by pre-casting. Precast members should be
adequately designed for handling, transport and placement in position. Temporary supports and connections
shall be provided as soon as practicable during installation of precast concrete units.
Pre-cast units shall be jointed with cement mortar as specified or other jointing system as shown on the
Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. The mortar shall be packed in layers between the units with steel
tools until the whole of the joint is solidly filled and the exposed surfaces of the joint shall be raked out to a
depth of 6 mm and flush pointed with similar mortar, but of pointing consistency.
3.34 Cement Mortar

Cement mortar shall be machine mixed and unless otherwise specified, consist of three (3) parts of sand to
one (1) part of Ordinary Portland cement or as per the Technical Specification mixed and thoroughly
incorporated together. Just enough water will be added to give a workability appropriate for its use. The
above proportions are by volume. Mortar shall be used whilst freshly mixed and no softening or re-
tempering will be allowed. The sand used for mortar should be excavated from river bed permitted by
Ministry of Mines, not from a desert.
3.35 Concrete Pipe Culverts
60
General: The Contractor shall construct concrete pipe culverts under access roads as shown on the Drawings
or as directed. Concrete pipes for culverts shall be between 450 mm and 1000 mm in diameter or as directed
by the Engineer, shall conform to the requirements of standards approved by the Engineer, and shall be
standard grade reinforced pipes with spigot and socket joints. All joints in concrete pipes shall be sealed
with cement mortar as directed.

Installation: Pipes shall be laid in trenches in solid ground or in drainage depressions in locations approved
by the Engineer. Compressible and other unsatisfactory material on the bottom of the trenches shall be
removed as directed before laying the pipes.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, all pipes for concrete pipe culverts
shall be laid on a 150mm thick layer of selected fine granular bedding material and properly jointed. The
bedding material shall not contain stones or rock fragments having a maximum dimension greater than 10
mm and shall be obtained from sources approved by the Engineer. Bedding materials shall be compacted by
approved equipment to provide a firm and uniform bed for approximately one third of the circumference of
the pipe as directed.
For concrete pipe culverts over which a roadway fill is to be placed, the Contractor shall ensure that the
length of the culvert is sufficient to support the specified width of roadway at the batter slopes shown on the
Drawings or directed.
After the pipes have been bedded, laid and jointed and approved by the Engineer, backfill material shall be
placed about the pipes and compacted by approved equipment for a height of at least 300 mm above the top
of the pipes, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed. Backfill material placed within 300 mm
of any pipe shall not contain stone or rock fragments having a maximum dimension greater than 80 mm.
Insofar as it Is Practicable, backfill material shall be obtained from excavations in the vicinity of the pipe
being backfilled and additional material which may be required shall be obtained from approved sources.
Headwalls, Wing Walls and Sumps: For road construction and elsewhere as shown on the Drawings or
directed, stone pitched headwalls and wing walls shall be constructed at the end of pipe culverts, as directed.
Culvert headwalls, wing walls and inlet-sumps (guide wall) shall be constructed to the lines, grades and
dimensions shown on the Drawings or directed.
Measurement, for payment, of concrete pipe culverts will be made of the length of pipe measured along the
centerline of the pipes in place, with no allowance for lap at joints. Payment for furnishing and installing
concrete pipe culverts will be made at the applicable rate per linear metre tendered in the priced Bill of
Quantities. These rates shall include the cost of furnishing and placing of bedding and backfill materials.
Payment for excavation of trenches will be made in accordance with the specifications for excavations.
Payment for stone pitching in the headwalls, wing walls and sumps will be made as per the items of work as
listed in the Bill of Quantities.
Payment for concrete made at the unit rate per cubic metre as given in the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate
shall
include the cost of all labour and materials required in the construction, including furnishing and handling
cement and exclude the costs of furnishing and placing concrete forms and reinforcement bars. No separate
payment shall be made except for items expressed in Bill of Quantities for construction joints, grouting, and
other incidentals and all such costs in connection therewith shall be considered to be covered by the unit rate
of concrete.
61


PART4
4. STONE WORKS
4.01 Stone
Stone for all purposes shall be the best of its kind, sound and durable, free from flaws and from soft,
weathered or decomposed parts and defects that will adversely affect the strength or appearance of the
masonry. Ensure it is free from rounded, worn, or weathered surfaces. Select stones with flat faces as nearly
parallel as it is practical.
The stone and the quarry from which it is obtained shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer before
being used or placed. All the stone shall have a specific gravity of not less than 2.5. The compression
strength shall be not less than 20N/mm2 unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. A stone when kept
immersed in water for 24 hours shall not absorb more than about 5% water of its weight.
Rock used for stone pitching shall be sound durable rock selected from the hard rock from excavations or
other approved sources. The rock shall not be less than 150 mm thick and at least be 1 and 1/2 times wider
than they are thick. The stones shall be able to be properly bedded to a uniform surface on an approved
bedding material. The exposed surface of each stone shall be approximately flat and of an area not less than
0.03 m2.
4.02 Masonry
Stone used in masonry shall be regular field, river or quarry stone of approved quality, free from seams and
another defect. All masonry stone shall be kept slightly moist at the time of use. Stone used for masonry
shall not be more than two-thirds of the wall thickness. Round stone will be permitted only in limited
amount in combination with angular stone and shall not be used in walls having a thickness less than forty
(40) cm.
4.03 Types of Masonry
The stone masonry will be divided into two (2) types, Type A and Type B, according to cement mortar used
for jointing. The cement-sand ratio by volume is given in the following table:
Table 4.1: Mortar Ratio for Different Stone Masonry Types
Type of Stone Masonry Ratio of Cement (OPC) to Sand
Type A 1:3
Type B 1:4
Type A stone masonry shall be used for protection work against abrasion and attack by boulder and gravel
Type B stone masonry shall be used for all stone masonry structure such as flumes, walls, piers, transition of
canal structures, etc.
a) Cement: Specifications of cement are the same as of concrete works (Part 3 of Specifications).
Cement shall be obtained by the Contractor from reputed manufactures. The Contractor shall
obtain the requisite test certificate from the manufacture or their agent and furnish the same to
the Engineer. Cement shall preferably, be grade 43 or more.
b) Sand: It shall be washed and screened and the maximum size of particles being limited to 5mm.
It shall be free from organic impurities as well as silt and clay. It shall not have silt and clay
more than 3% by weight. It shall be furnished by the Contractor in accordance with the
provision of and in complete conformity with the stipulations and requirements for sand
specified in Part 3. Grading of sand for masonry work shall conform to the following:
62
Table 4.2: Gradation of sand for mortar in stone masonry


Sieve Size according to Fraction passing by
BS 41 Weight (% age)
5.00 mm 100
2.36 mm 90-100
1.18 mm 70-100
0.6 mm 40– 100
0.3 mm 5 – 70
0.15 mm 0 – 15
c) Water: The water used for the preparation of mortar shall be free from objectionable quantities
for silt, organic matter, alkali, sulphates and other salts and other impurities, and will be subject
to approval of the Engineer.PH value water shall not be less than 6, and acceptable range is 6 to
9.
d) Mortar Composition and Mixing:

Mortar for stone masonry shall, except where otherwise directed by the Engineer, consist of one
part Portland cement and three/four parts of damp loose mortar sand, by volume and sufficient
water to produce the proper consistency for the intended use.
Methods and equipment used for mixing mortar shall be such as will accurately determine and
control the amount of each separate ingredient entering into mortar and shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer. If a mixer is used, it shall be of approved design and the mixing time
after all ingredients are in the mixer, except for the full amount of water, shall be not less than
two minutes.
Mortars shall be mixed only in quantities sufficient for immediate use, and all mortar not used
within 30 minutes after adding water to the mix shall be discarded. Any mortar remained unused
after 60 minutes of addition of cement will not be allowed for use and will be rejected.
Retempering of mortar will not be allowed. Mixing troughs and pans shall be thoroughly cleaned
and washed at the end of each day's work.
Consistency of mortar (Workability/fluidity) shall be in the range of water cement ration of about
0.6.
The mortar content in one cubic meter of masonry is expected to range between 0.37 rn3 to 0.43
m3 the average being assumed to be 0.40 m3, i.e. 40%. The actual consumption of mortar shall
be recorded from day to day. A variation of ±3% may be allowed Variation of more than 3% on
the lower side (i.e. lower than 37%) shall not be allowed, being violation of specifications.
Variation of more than 3% on the higher side shall be at the cost of the Contractor.
Curing of masonry shall commence after about 4 to 8 hours of construction (depending upon
weather condition and atmospheric temperature) and water sprayed gently. All exposed surface
of masonry shall be kept moist for period of 14 days.
All fresh masonry works exposed outside to natural elements, shall be duly covered with plastic
sheets or coverings to protect from being washed out by rain or other sprays or running water.
Compressive strength tests of mortar cubes shall be conducted. A minimum of 3 test specimens
shall be made from each type/class of mortar and tested for their 28 days strength. The
acceptance criteria of compressive strength of 1 :4; 1 :3 mortar types are 7.5N/mm2 and 10
63
N/mm2 respectively.
4.04 Laying of Stones
In laying the first course a full mortar bed shall be placed on the foundation to the full thickness of the wall.
The stones shall be laid by hand with specified mix of mortar in between two stones and a 12cm layer of
mortar on the bottom of the new layer.

Header stones shall have the same size in the interior of the wall as shown for the face and extend 30 cm or
more into the core or backing. They shall occupy 1/5 or more of the face area of the wall and be evenly
distributed Headers in walls 60 cm thick or less shall extend entirely through the wall.
Roughly square the stones on joints, beds, and faces. Use stone, roughly squared and pitched to line, at all
angles and ends of walls. Finish all comers or angles in exterior surfaces with a chisel draft If placing a wall
stone with a sawed exterior surface, dress it a minimum of 50 percent before placing in the wall. Perform all
stone shaping or dressing before laying the stone in the wall and do not allow any dressing or hammering
that might loosen the stone after placement.
The Contractor shall not construct stone masonry in freezing weather, or if the stone contains frost, except
with the engineer's written permission and subject to any conditions required.
Ensure the vertical joints in each course are staggered with those in adjoining courses by at least 15 cm. The
Contractor shall not locate a vertical joint directly above or below a header. Make full mortar joints and
carefully settle the stones in place before the mortar sets. The engineer will not accept spalls in the beds.
Provide joints and beds no more than one inch thick.
Always try to properly point the face joints before the mortar sets. If this is not possible, prepare the joints
for pointing by raking them out to a depth of 5 cm before the mortar sets. Take care not to smear the stone
face surfaces with the mortar forced out of the joints, or that used in pointing.
If any stone is moved or the joint broken, take up the stone, thoroughly clean the mortar from the bed and
joints, and reset the stone in fresh mortar. Beds and joints of stones shall not exceed 25mm thick. All sides
of stones shall be covered with 25 mm mortar for water tightness. Interstices, if any, may be filled with
pieces or spalls of stones embedded in mortar.
The finished surface of the masonry shall be made as the shape and size of the stones will permit varying not
more than 4 cm from the required contour. Each course is carefully plumbed and checked for vertical
alignment. All alignment and plumbing of each unit to final position must be done while the mortar is soft.
4.05 Surfacing and Pointing
Joints on the face of all stone masonry exposed to view shall be neatly finished. The mortar in the joints of
the stone masonry shall first be removed to a depth of three (3) cm the joint shall then be cleaned thoroughly
with a wire brush of all loose materials and filled with cement mortar with a mix proportion of one port-land
cement and two parts of sand by volume (1:2). The surface of the face stone shall be cleaned of all mortar
upon completion of the finishing operation.
4.06 Contraction Joints
Contraction joints shall be provided at intervals of twenty (20) meters or less except as otherwise mentioned
on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The contraction joint shall be a straight-line perpendicular to
the flow direction and, where it is necessary on such horizontal surfaces as floors, shall be parallel to the
flow direction.
Joint filler for shall consist of three plies of Type 1B fine granule surfaced bitumen felt of 1.4 kglm2
nominal mass in accordance with BS 747. Adhesive for use with joint filler shall be a proprietary type
recommended by the joint filler manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. The Engineer may also
approve other proprietary joint fillers or expansion joints good for external exposed environment subject to
rain and sunshine.
4.07 Weep Holes
Weep holes of sizes 150 mm x 150 mm are to be left in the body of masonry walls if shown on the
drawings. These weep (drainage) holes are to be covered with inverted filters (or geotextile filter cloth) on
the backfill side in an area of 400 mm x 400 mm with a thickness of 400 mm. They are to be located at lm
intervals both vertically and horizontally in a staggered way. 64
The PVC pipe should be laid at 2.5 percent slopes towards the exposed face or canal or drain side as
applicable. The PVC pipe at backfill portion should stick out minimum 5 to l0 cm. In canal structure, weep
hole shall not be placed at walls perpendicularly facing water flow.

4.08 Riprap / Stone Pitching Protection

The quality of stone shall be as specified in Clause 4.01. The stones for rip-rap shall be a natural, big size, of
irregular shape having a minimum weight of 30 kg each and minimum thickness of 15 cm when measured at
the thinnest section. At least 60% of the stones shall have a minimum weight of 40 kg each, with minimum
volume of0.03 m3
The stone shall be laid by hand, to the required lines and grades and to the thickness shown on the Drawings
and placed so that it is thoroughly tamped, or driven into place. The space between the larger stone shall be
filled with spills of suitable size driven to face, varying not more than 60 mm from the required contour.
Before placing riprap rocks, the bedding which consists of well-graded sand shall be provided with the
required thickness shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Such sand bedding shall be
compacted thoroughly by mechanical tampers. The rocks in the riprap shall then be dumped and graded off
on such sand bedding.
Pitching will be used where a finished horizontal or inclined surface is required. It shall consist of hand
placed stones, with spalls wedged into the interstices to produce an even surface, without projection above
the neat lines shown on the Drawings. Care shall be taken to ensure that the stones are well bedded and the
percentage of spalls shall not exceed forty percent (40%) of the total rock volume. Pitching on slopes shall
be built upwards from the toe, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. A coping consisting of large flat
stones shall be laid along the top of stone pitching on slopes to produce a firm edge.
4.09 Gravel Filter
Gravel filter shall consist of hard durable river gravel and sand or broken stone and sand. It shall be well
graded in accordance with the following limits:
• maximum size 50mm

• grading coefficient i.e. D60/D10, shall be greater than four
• the 15% size shall be less than five times the 85% size of the protected soil
• the 15% size shall be less than 20 times the 15% size of the protected soil
• the 50% size shall be less than 25 times the 50% size of the protected soil
• the 15% size shall be greater than 5 times the 15% size of the protected soil
The grading of the soil to be protected shall be determined by the Contractor at locations selected by the
Engineer. The costs of such sampling and testing shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rate.
Where the thickness of gravel filter backing is specified as 200 mm or greater the filter shall be placed in
two equal layers. The layer nearest the subgrade shall contain the finer material, less than 15mm, and the
layer nearest the structure the coarser material, from 15 mm to 50 mm. Filter material shall be compacted by
tamping until it is in an even layer of the required thickness.
The quality and grading of the gravel filter backing shall be to the approval of the Engineer. If during
construction the grading of the protected soil is found to differ from that used for the initial design of the
sand gravel material grading, then the grading shall be amended as necessary. The costs of any such
revisions shall be included in the Contract Rate.
4.10 Geo-textiles
Geo-textile used in the works shall be made of polyethylene or polypropylene or polyester or similar fibers,
either woven or non-woven. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the goo-textile shall have the
technical specifications shown in Table 4.3.
The higher tensile strength alignment of the goo-textile should be in cross sectional direction. Unless
otherwise specified, the overlap between two pieces should be at least 0.50 m The Contractor shall provide a
method statement detailing installation procedures. Prior to delivery of the material to the site, the
Contractor shall submit a representative geo-textile sample of minimum 4.0 m2, to be retained by the 65
Engineer for purpose of comparative testing together with materials sampled from product delivered to site.

Table 4.3: Technical Specification of Geo-textiles
Property Test Method Specification

Physical
1. Mass per unit area ASTM D5261 (ISO 9864) 135 g/m2
2. Thickness ASTM D5199 1.2 mm
Mechanical
3. Wide Width Tensile Strength ASTM D4595 8.7 KN/m
(Elongation @ Break) BS 6906/1 (40%)
4. Grab Tensile Strength ASTM D4632 555 N
(Elongation @ Break) (60%)
5. CRB Puncture Strength GRI GSI 1845 N
BS 6906/4
6. Mullen Burst DIN 54307 1650 kPa
7. Trapezoidal Tear ASTM D3786 240 N
8. Cone Drop ASTM D4533 / BS 6906/6 28 mm
Hydraulic
9. Pore size (095) ASTM D4751 (Dry) 0.15 mm
10. Permeability ASTM D4491 150 l/m2/sec
BS 6906/3 203 l/m2/sec
11. UV Resistance ASTM D4355 70%
(% Retained @ 500 hours)
4.11 Concrete Block Pitching
Concrete blocks for pitching shall be precast to the sizes specified in the drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. The blocks shall be precast using concrete Class M25. The dimension of the blocks shall be as
shown on the drawings or such other dimensions as ordered by the Engineer. Four sample blocks shall be
supplied to the Engineer for each size specified.
A lifting eye shall be incorporated in each block during pre-casting to enable the block to be conveniently
lifted and accurately placed in the work. The blocks shall be placed on a prepared gravel backing, 0.20 or
0.30 m thick, or as the Engineer directs otherwise, to a true and even surface with a gap of l0mm between
the blocks.
4.12 Mortared Pitching/Grouted Stone Pitching
Mortared pitching shall be carried out as described for dry pitching except that the stones shall be bedded
and jointed in mortar in such a way that no voids remain in the completed pitching. Mortared pitching shall
be formed with weep-holes, 50mm diameter and at 2m vertical and horizontal spacing.
The finished surface shall be stable and even without projections or depressions. The tolerance for levels of
the stone pitching shall be +60mm, except adjacent to culvert openings the tolerance shall be +30mm.
Stones shall be of random size roughly hammer dressed, so that they will fit closely together. Stone shall be
hard, durable rock from an approved source. The maximum size of stone shall be 300mm and the minimum
100mm, measured on any axis. Stones shall be soaked before laying and exposed faces shall be kept moist
for 10 days after constructions. Stones shall be selected and laid to keep joints and voids to be filled with
mortar to the minimum. Stones shall be laid principally with horizontal and vertical joints, and as parallel
and as neatly as possible. The stones shall be laid to bond together throughout the full width of the section.
Each stone shall be bedded in mortar, all joints being filled solid with mortar as the work proceeds. Stone
shall be picked and laid carefully so that the exposed joints are not less than, but as nearly as practicable,
66 10
mm thick. Packing shall not be inserted after the stones have been bedded.
Unless otherwise specified, all exposed joints shall be flush pointed. Cement mortar for pitching unless
otherwise specified, shall consist of one part by volume of cement and four parts by volume of sand.


4.13 Plum Concrete
The proportion of plums (big stones) shall not exceed 50% of the total volume of plum concrete. Each plum
shall be placed so as to be completely embedded in concrete. No stones shall touch, and there shall be no
unfilled pockets in the concrete. The plums shall be such that the overall density of the plum concrete is not
less than 1.8 kN/m3. The grade of plum concrete shall be as shown on the drawings or as instructed by the
Engineer.
4.14 Brick Masonry
Clay bricks shall be a brand approved by the Engineer and shall be well burnt, hard, sound, and clean. The
nominal dimensions of clay bricks shall be as directed by the Engineer. Clay bricks for fair-faced work shall
be selected for evenness, texture, sharpness of arises and uniformity of color. The compressive strength of
the clay bricks shall be at least 7.0 MPa. Works are to be in complete and strict accordance with the
specification and the applicable drawings and subject to the terms and conditions of Contract. The detailed
specification is as per all mortar construction but with the brick sizing and mortar as specified below:
(a) The bricks shall be solid clay and well burnt having no void in accordance with the specification,
ASTMC62.
(b) The size of bricks shall be 225 mm x 125 mm x 75 mm; and
(c) The mortar mix shall be a 1:4 cement sand mix.
4.15 Gabion Works
The quality of stones for gabion shall be as specified in Clause 4.01. The stone size ranges from 150 mm to
250 mm. Small stones should be avoided. The stones used should have a minimum size of not less than "D''
(mesh width) and not greater than 3.5 times "D", where Dis the specified mesh width as given below. Larger
stones can be used provided that their total volume does not exceed 5% of the cell volume.
Figure 4.1: Typical lacing between two boxes showing alternate double twists with a 100 mm x 80 mm
hexagonal mesh
Gabions shall be of the types and sizes shown on the Drawings. The cages shall be constructed from mild
steel wire complying with BS 1052, "Specification for mild steel wire for general engineering purposes",
galvanized in accordance with BS 443, "Specification for testing zinc coatings on steel wire and for quality
requirements". Wire used for the formation of the mesh panel will have a diameter of 3.0 mm.
67
Table 4.4: Properties of Gabion Wire

Use Units Lacing Mesh Selvedge
Wire Galvanized mm (2.2-2.5) (2.7-3) (3.4-3.9)
Wire Tolerance mm ±(0.06-0.08) ±(0.06- ±(0.07-

0.08) 0.1)
Quantity of Zinc g/m2 (230-280) (250-275) (265-290)
Tensile Strength N/mm2 350 -575
Elongation % >10%
The adhesion of the zinc coating shall be such that, when the wire is wrapped six turns around a mandrel of
4 times the diameter of the wire, it does not flake or crack to such an extent that any flakes of zinc can be
removed by rubbing with bare fingers.
Mesh wire diameter and mesh size shall be as follows:
Table 4.5: Dimensional Properties of Gabion Wire
Gabion Thickness Minimum Mesh Wire Mesh width Mesh Size

(m) Diameter (mm) (mm) (mm)
0.5 2.7 80 80 x 100
1 2.7 60 60 x 80
4.16 Testing
Diameter, zinc coating and tensile strength tests of gabion wires shall be carried out by the Contractor as
directed by Engineer. Failure to comply with the Specifications shall lead to the rejection of gabion wires.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 443 or EN: 10244-2 on each lot of supply received at site.
4.17 Filling and Placement
The foundation for each gabion and mattress shall be prepared by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. Irregularities in the foundation shall be excavated or tightly filled with gravel to produce a surface
which has no protrusions or cavities in excess of 100 mm.
The gabions and mattresses shall be flexible galvanized gabions of the size shown on the Drawings and shall
be fabricated from wire mesh. Each gabion and mattress shall be divided by diaphragms into cells, whose
length shall not be greater than the width of the gabions or mattresses plus 100 mm. The gabion and mattress
boxes shall be fabricated 'Maccaferri' type or equivalent supplied by an approved manufacturer.
68

Figure 4.2: Typical cross section of a gabion wall in riverbank protection
The prefabricated gabions and mattresses shall be obtained complete with sufficient suitable galvanized wire
for completing the wiring of the gabions and mattresses on Site.
The wire in the gabions and mattresses shall be galvanized similar to or stronger than used in ‘Maccaferri’
galvanized gabions. The wires in the gabions and mattresses shall be arranged so that the spacing between
the wires is similar to or smaller than in ‘Maccaferri’ gabions and mattresses.
The empty gabions shall be placed to line and level as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer
and then stretched so that the gabions regain their shape on being filled. Diaphragms shall be provided at no
more than one metre (1m) intervals for baskets and not more than 1.2 metre intervals for mattresses. A
gabion shall not be completely filled until the adjacent basket or mattress has been half filled, unless
otherwise directed, in order not cause displacements from bulging during filling.
Because of small horizontal movements associated with the settlement or consolidation, gabion walls must
not be constructed with a vertical front face as it subsequently tilts forward slightly. All gabion walls must
be constructed with the front face at the slight angle to the vertical (10:1 – vertical: horizontal). This should
be achieved by sloping the foundation accordingly as shown in the diagram next.
Before filling, adjacent baskets should be secured together using steel lacing wire provided for the purpose
and conforming to the specification. The sides must be secured in straight lines with no gaps left behind the
sides of adjacent baskets. Where more than one layer of baskets is laid, they must be placed as shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer with a minimum step of P.!% m between the front faces of the
lower and upper gabion boxes. The vertical joints between the gabion boxes in two layers must be
horizontally staggered.
Before filling with stones, gabions shall be anchored at one end or side and stretched from the opposite end
by inserting temporary bars and levering them forward. The top and bottom shall be kept stretched by
tensioning with tie wires attached to an anchor or equivalent approved method until the gabion has been 69
filled. The gabions shall be inspected at this stage but before filling with stones to ensure that the tie wiring
has been properly carried out and the gabion boxes/mattresses are not pulling apart.
The filling shall be carried out by placing individual stones into the gabion by hand in courses in such a


manner that the stones are bedded on each other and bonded. No loose stones shall be tipped into the box
and the practice of coursing and bonding the outer layer and filling the interior with unlaid stones shall not
be permitted.
All gabions must be connected to each other along corners with the same lacing operation. For correct lacing
operation, the wire should be passed through each mesh, marking a double twist every other mesh.
Careful attention must be given to the filling operation to ensure that the stones are placed evenly in the
baskets with minimum voids in between. Smaller stones can be used to fill the central voids of the boxes,
but all external stones must be at least 1.5 D where D is the diameter of the mesh.
The stones selected for the top layer of gabion baskets must have a flat surface to ensure that the wire that
does not rest on sharp corners. They must have a minimum dimension of 1.5 D in all directions and be
placed to ensure a minimum number of voids.
Bracing wires must be fixed at depths of 1/3H where "H'' is the height of the gabion box. The horizontal
distance between the bracing wires should also be 1/3H thus for a gabion basket of 2m x lm x lm dimension,
eight bracing wires are provided. For the gabion boxes used on the project the bracing wires should be
placed at the following depths and spacing.
Stones should be filled to the depth of the first brace and then the bracing wires placed directly above the
level of the stone making sure the wire passes around at least two mesh widths. The procedure should then
be followed for the next layer.
In aprons, downstream of weirs and similar places where water falls directly on to the gabions, vertical
bracing wires between the top and bottom mesh must be provided. Additional horizontal bracing must be
used at the comers of structure.
4.18 Gabion Wire Protection
A concrete layer will be provided on the crest of wires as shown in the Drawings or directed by the Engineer
to protect the gabion mesh against damage. This should be of minimum thickness of 0.10 meter and should
be provided once the structure has been completed and any initial settlement has taken place. Construction
joints should be provided at regular intervals, which should not exceed 3 meters.
A rigid capping of concrete to gabions walls is not to be provided as this restricts the flexibility of the
gabion structure. When the Engineer recommends protection of such walls, as in the case of protection of
theft of wire, a thickness of 0.05 m should be provided. Where greater thickness is recommended, a flexible
protection material must be used. 70
4.19 Measurement and payment of Pitching and Gabions

Stone Pitching: Measurement, for payment, of constructing stone pitching will be made of the actual area
of stone pitching in place to the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Drawings or directed. Payment


for constructing stone pitch will be made at the rate per square metre tendered in the priced Bill of
Quantities.
Gabions and Mattresses: Measurement, for payment, of furnishing and placing gabions and mattresses will
be made of the volume of completed gabions and mattresses in place to the lines, grades and dimensions
shown on the Drawings or as directed. Payment for furnishing and placing gabions and mattresses will be
made at the applicable rate tendered thereof in the priced Bill of Quantities usually expressed in terms of
cubic meters. These rates shall include the cost of all freight, labour, fabrication, erection. filling with
boulders and placing of gabions and mattresses including carrying out tests required to complete the work.
71


PART 5
5. CANAL LINING
5.01 Types of Canal Lining
Canal lining are typically used to save water loss through seepage, eliminate water logging, and reduce
canal's maintenance cost. The reduction in seepage losses and prevention of water logging is becoming more
and more important because of limited supply and increased demand of water for irrigation and crops. The
seepage losses from unlined canals in Afghanistan have been found to vary for different soil and drainage
conditions. Observations on many canals have shown that only 50-60% of the head discharge reaches the
fields in Kabul, Bamyan and Nangarhar.
The most common types of linings are as follows:

• Boulder Masonry lining
• Brick lining
• Precast Concrete Parabolic lining (PCPL)
• In-Situ I Cement Concrete lining
• Plumb I Mass concrete lining
• Clay lining
• Soil-cement lining
Selection of suitable lining material is done based on the type of sub-grade material, position of water table,
climatic conditions, availability of materials, size of canal, service requirements, experience and economy.
The quality specifications of the linings shall comply with the respective requirements of the composition of
the lining or as otherwise stated in the drawings and bill of quantities.
5.02 Boulder Masonry Lining
Boulder used for lining purposes should be sound and durable, free from flaws and from soft, weathered or
decomposed parts. They should be of uniform size and have a specific gravity of not less than 2.5. They
should not be less than 150 mm thick and the exposed surface of each bolder should be approximately flat
and of an area not less than 0.03 m2. This boulder masonry should comply with the specifications given in
Part 4 of this document.
5.03 Brick Lining
Only First-Class Bricks should be used for channel lining. Brick lined channels should be rectangular in
shape, constructed by using double brick masonry walls (23 cm) and a brick masonry floor (07 cm)
plastered inside and on top of the walls. The brick masonry should also comply with Clause 4.14 of this
specifications.
5.04 Pre-cast Parabolic Lining (PCPL)
PCPL is the most preferred type of lining in areas where discharges are smaller and steeper longitudinal
slopes are available. It is also gaining popularity among the farming community in flat areas where slopes
are gentle because of its durability and rapid construction in comparison to other types of lining.
PCPL should be prepared with following specifications:

1. Mix ratio of Cement, Sand and Gravel should be 1: 1 :2.
2. 28 days curing cylinder compressive strength of 4500 psi.
3. 70% of specified strength after 07 days and 85%to 90% after 14days curing.
4. The fresh concrete used to fabricate it should have maximum of 1 inch slump.
72

73

5. Precast only under approved conditions, with compaction by vibrating table. The mould steel
cover thickness should not be less than 2mm to prevent bulging or to be cast in only approved steel
moulds.
6. The temperature during the manufacturing of the PCPL sections must not be less than 3ºC.
7. The water cement ratio must to be 0.36.
8. Aggregate size varies from minimum 3/8 in to maximum of ¾ in. Manufacturer will adjust
proportions of aggregate size to achieve the specified strength. For, segment no.1, 2 and 3,
maximum aggregate size recommended is 1/2 in.
9. Hand mixing of the concrete for PCPL section is not allowed, it should be machine mixed.
10. The aggregate and sand should be clean, only crushed stone of good quality shall be used for
PCPL section.
11. Water used for the mix should be drinking water and must be free of any kind of adverse
affecting materials.
12. Clean environment free from flying dust (soil) and other dirt materials is required.
13. The concrete must be allowed to set inside steel moulds for 24 hours.
14. Minimum thickness of concrete along perimeter should not be less than 70 mm for all segments.
15. PCPL sections should be stamped with date so that every day structures should be known.
Curing of the PCPL
After 24 hours when steel moulds are removed, newly produced PCPL section should be transferred to the
curing pond, and should stay submerge in water for minimum of % days. If curing is not available, or when
the PCPL is taken out of the pond, it should be covered with wet gunny bags or through overhead showers
for up 28 days.
Curing of the PCPL

To avoid or minimize the breakage losses of the sections, the following necessary points should be
considered during transportation. This transportation of structures starts from the vibration table up to the
watercourse side.
1. When the PCPL section mould filled up to the required mark with concrete, this mould should be
transferred by a specific wheelbarrow to a levelled ground prepared for it.
2. For loading of the PCPS into truck, a flat four/wheeled trolley should be used to transport the
segments easily. Direct lifting of the segments is not allowed from safety point of view.
3. An inclined ramp must be constructing up to the truck body level for loading and unloading of the
segments, the inclination of the ramp should not be very steep.
4. The manufacturers are responsible for transporting and placing the sections along the canals in
consultation with project staff, Irrigation Association members or implemented company.
5. The transportation distance should not be more than 5o km.
74to
All broken segments should be replaced with unbroken one, and it is responsibility of the manufacturer
ensure all sections and field turnout at the sites are transported undamaged.
Installation of PCPS at The Site
Precast Concrete Parabolic Segments have both male and female sides, and can be installed by simply


locking into the two ends. Before its installation, design longitudinal slope should be attained as it is
given in the design documents, and channel bed should be compacted by using small roller compactors. A
fine sand bed of 7 cm should be prepared before the actual installation of the PCPS, followed by proper
alignment. The mason should be also check the level of segments by using hand level. The joints should be
sealed with cement mortar given below and should be cured for minimum of 7 days.
The bank width at the top should be 0.5 – 1.0 m and 1-1.5m at the bottom and should be made of compacted
soil. During installation of the PCPC, Contractor is responsible for making temporary roadway/road
crossing, and should maintain a proper flow through pumping or making side channels.
Mortar in Joints (placed at site)

Mortar of 1:3 cement sand ratio. Cement to be fine ground quality. Sand grain size not greater than 0.20 mm
(US Sieve 70).
5.05 In-situ Cement Concrete Lining
Concrete lining can be done in/situ either by hand placing with plastering on sides and bed or using forms
and pouring alternate panels. When the concrete lining is hand placed, attention has to be paid to the
concrete mix. Typically, M15 concrete is used for canal lining works. The concrete must not be very fluid to
avoid it creeping downward from the sides. On steep side slopes, formwork is necessary to hold the concrete
in place until it sets.
When the lining is placed using the alternate panel method, guide forms are used. Sections are poured
alternately, with the finished sections being used as forms for the sections in between. Small openings or
expansion joints spaced at intervals of 1.5 to 3 m are needed for the expansion and contraction of
non/reinforced concrete. These joints are filled with flexible, asphaltic material to prevent water leakage.
5.06 Plum / Stone Concrete Lining
Plum concrete is a mass concrete with additional stones or small boulders of sustainable quality. The
proportion of plums (stones) should not exceed 40 percent of total volume of concrete. The stone size to be
used for plum shall be between 200 to 300 mm. The stone shall be basalt, trap or any other approved locally
available stone with minimum crushing strength of 100 kg/sq.cm obtained from quarries approved by
Engineering /in/charge. The stone shall be hard, durable and tough. The length of stone shall not exceed 3
time its height.
The cement concrete shall be in M10, 1:3:6 nominal mix (cement, sand, coarse aggregate) and the stones
presoaked in water. The water cement ratio shall be adjusted at site to maintain the workability of concrete
to fill all the interstices properly completely surrounding the stone with not one stone touching one another.
The plums are laid in layers using the cement concrete as mortar. The plum shall be raised uniformly, and
no part, at any time shall be raised more than 900 mm above adjoining work. The exposed surfaces shall be
levelled plain. Suitable formwork of plywood or steel should be provided along with any braces or
scaffolding required.
All plum concrete shall be maintained wet for at least 7 days. Weep holes shall be provided by HDPE75 pipes
buried in plum masonry. The end of the weep holes, on the filled-up side, shall be covered by geo-
membrane and filled by gravels of sizes 40 mm or adequately provided with filter materials. Form work
shall be of plywood or steel. The plum concrete shall be measured in cubic meters and the rate in the Bill of
Quantities is deemed to include all costs of materials, labour, formwork, curing, etc. to complete concrete
lining works.


5.07 Clay Lining
One of the oldest methods for reducing seepage losses and improving canals is to remove the porous earth
and replace it with clay material. When impervious earthen material is found near the canal, it may be used
to solve the problem. If the material is slightly moist, and if it is placed in 10-15 cm (4-6 in.) layers and
rolled and/or compacted the effectiveness of the lining will be greatly increased. However, some clays are
subject to excessive shrinking and cracking and should not be placed as lining material.
Bentonite clay is sometimes used to line canals. This material swells greatly when wet and is best adapted to
canals that are not subject to frequent wetting and drying. It is usually mixed with the surface layer of soil
with a disk or spike-tooth harrow. It may also be placed as a blanket on the ditch bottom and covered for
protection with about 5 cm (2 in) of soil or gravel.
5.08 Soil Cement Lining
Soil-Cement Lining is the lining constructed by compacting soil-cement mix at optimum moisture, content.
The optimum moisture content is the moisture content at which the soil-cement mixture can be compacted to
the maximum dry density by a given compaction effort in a specified manner. For a given compaction effort
the dry density of a soil-cement mixture varies as the moisture content of the mixture varies.
Ordinary Portland cement shall be used conforming to the specification detailed in the concrete section
(Section 3) for cement in this document.
Sealing with soil-cement is applicable on coarse grained soils. The ideal soil material should contain no
more than 35 percent passing the No. 200 sieve size, and less than 0.5 percent of organic matter and free
from sulphate salts. The soil should not contain gravel larger than 2 inches nor more than 45 percent gravel
larger than 1/4 inch. The PI of the soil shall be no greater than 8.
The typical application rate is 10% cement by volume. Water of quality suitable for concreting (Section 3)
should be used. The minimum treated surface thickness shall be 4 inches which is laid over a prepared
surface whose topsoil is adequately stripped, cleared of vegetation, roots and soft material, tampered smooth
and moistened properly to lay the soil-concrete.
The cement content of the soil-cement mixture shall be such that the mix, after being compacted at optimum
moisture content, satisfies the following requirements:
a) It shall have a minimum compressive strength of 20 kg/cm2 at the age of 7 days, the test specimens being
moist cured during the period;
b) Test specimens shall effectively withstand erosion by the continuous lateral action of jets of water with a
velocity of 1.5 m/s for at least 150 h; and
c) The permeability of test specimens shall not exceed 105 cm.
The measurement shall be in square meters or as mentioned in the Bill of Quantities and includes the cost of
all materials and labour in preparing the surface, applying the soil-concrete and adequately curing it with
protection from rain or running water.
76


PART6
6. ON-FARM STRUCTURES
6.01 Field Turnouts (FTO)
The materials required for the construction of field turnouts shall conform to the specification of the specific
materials described in the specifications of this document. The requirements for the RCC panel and lids are
as follows:
1) Fresh Ordinary Portland Cement, Class "M25" aggregates and good quality river sand shall be
used, or in absence of mix design the ratio of 1: 1 :2 may be applicable.
2) Finishing of seats shall be accomplished with cement sand mortar of 1:2 ratios.
3) Graded gravel size shall be used with two-thirds being of 10mm and one-third being of 6mm
sizes.
4) Sand and aggregates shall be washed before use.
5) MS wire SWG 10 shall be used for rings and MS bars of 3/6" diameter shall be used for
rectangles. Similarly, MS bars of 1/8" shall be used for center binding of rectangles and rings
provided in the panel.
All reinforcement shall be properly wire bound.
6) MS bar of 3/8" diameter shall be used for handles of 60cm & 50cm Field turnout plates and MS
bar of 1/4" diameter shall be used for handles of 38cm & 30cm field turnout plates.
7) The steel bars must be cleaned from rust.
8) Proper placement of reinforcement as shown in the drawing and required concrete cover at all
points shall be ensured.
9) Minimum curing time shall be 15 days in curing ponds or tanks.
10) 28 days curing cylinder compressive strength of 4500 psi.
11) Use of mixture machine and mechanical vibrator is strongly recommended.
12) There shall be no leakages from seats of any tow field turnout randomly selected from any lot
even after interchanging the lids and /or panels.
6.02 Round Panel and Lid for FTO
Requirements for the RCC panel and lids for field turnouts are as follows:
Data for 30cm (12") diameter concrete round Panel and Lid
A: Detail
Concrete Mix. 1: 1.5: 3
Maximum Required Concrete Density 2400 kg/cu.m
Number of Panel and Lid per cu.m of Concrete 101.96 23.54 Kg/No
Minimum Required Concrete Density 2250 kg/cu.m
Number of Panel and Lid per cu.m of Concrete 108.74 22.07 kg/No
Actual Panel and Lid Weight 22.0 kg/No
Actual No. of Panel and Lid per cu.m Concrete 109.09
B: Material for One Cubic Meter of RCC

Materials Units Quantities
Portland cement (bags) 8.000
Good quality river sand (cu.m) 0.425
Gravel of recommended grades (cu.m) 0.850
Extra allowance for 1 : 1 cement sand mortar for finishing of panel & lid seats and all exposed surfaces
Portland Cement (bags) 2.000
Good Quality River Sand (cu.m) 0.124
C: Reinforcement per Panel and Lid 77

Bar/Wire Size Rect./Ring Nos. Weight (Kgs)
Wire 10 SWG rings 1+3 0.237
Bar 3/16" dia cross bars 2 0.090
Bar 3/16" dia rectangles 1 0.231


Bar 1/4" dia handles 2 0.130
Data for 38cm (15") diameter Concrete round Panel and Lid
A: Detail
Concrete Mix. 1:1.5: 3
Maximum Required Concrete Density 2400
Number of Panels and Lids per cu.m. Concrete 67. 78 35.41 kg/No
Number of Panels and Lids per cu.m. Concrete 72.31 33.19 kg/No
Actual Panel and Lid Weight 33.19 kg/No
Actual no. of Panels and Lids per cu.m.Concrete 72.31
B: Reinforcement per panel and lid

Bar/Wire Size/shape Rect./Ring Nos. Weight (kgs)
Wire lOSWG rings 1+4 0.366
Data table for 50cm (20") diameter Concrete round Panel and Lid
A: Detail
Number of Panels and Lids per cu.m. Concrete 37.47 64.06 kg/no
Actual Panel and Lid Weight 60.00 kg/no
Actual no of Panels and Lids per cu.m. Concrete 40.00
B: Reinforcement per Panel and Lid

Bar/Wire Size Rect./Ring Nos. Weight (kgs)
Wire 10 SWG rings 2+5 0.647
Bar 3116" dia rectangles 2 0.724
Data table for 60cm (24 ") diameter concrete round Panel and Lid
A: Detail
Actual Panel and Lid Weight 85.00 kg/no
Actual no of Panels and Lids per cu.m. Concrete 28.24
B: Reinforcement 12er Panel and Lid

Bar/Wire Size Rect./Ring Nos. Weight (Kgs)
Wire lOSWG rings 2+6 0.8568
Bar 3/16" dia cross bars 3 0.2646 78
Bar 3/811 dia handles 2 0.4256
6.03 Pre-fabricated On-farm Channel
The function of this channel is to convey water to the field. See sections on canal lining for details.


6.04 Cement Concrete Diversion Box
The diversion box is useful in diverting irrigation water in the required direction (3 directions). Metered
quantity can be diverted in each direction It has grooves to join the prefabricated irrigation channels.
Its salient features are:

• No skilled labour is required
• Can be reused at alternate locations after dismantling
• Maintenance cost less
Technical specifications:
• Cement concrete 1:2:4 mix is used.
• Material required for 1 box are:
o Cement - 17 kg.
o Sand - 0.025 cum
o Aggregate -0.05 cum.
79


PART7
7. PIPEWORK
7.01 General
Pipe work shall be of the material, pressure rating and nominal diameter shown on the Drawings. The pipes
and fittings and method of installation shall comply in every respect with the following specifications,
unless otherwise directed by the Engineer or shown on the Drawings.
Pipeline installation shall comply with the specifications and requirements of BS 8010, "Code of practice for
pipelines". All fittings shall be compatible with the type and size of pipe. The jointing of pipes and fittings
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
The Contractor shall install pipelines to the line and levels, and with the type of bedding, haunching and
surround shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
7.02 Types of Pipe
The pipes used in the works shall comply with the following standards:
• Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) pipes - BS 5911, "Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary
products" or as approved by the Engineer
• Galvanized mild steel pipe (known locally as galvanized iron) - BS 1387, "Specification for
screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or
for screwing to BS 21 threads" or as approved by the Engineer.
7.03 Pipeline Excavation
Trenches for pipes shall be excavated in accordance with Clauses 2.03 and 2.06. The minimum overburden
or the depth to the crown of a pipe shall be 1 m, unless otherwise stated on the Drawings, or directed by the
Engineer.
Pipes shall be laid in trenches in solid ground or in drainage depressions in locations approved by the
Engineer. Compressible and other unsatisfactory material on the bottom of the trenches shall be removed as
directed before laying the pipes.
7.04 Pipe Bedding
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, all pipes for concrete pipe culverts
shall be laid on a 150mm thick layer of selected fine granular bedding material and properly jointed. The
bedding material shall not contain stones or rock fragments having a maximum dimension greater than 10
mm and shall be obtained from sources approved by the Engineer. Bedding materials shall be compacted by
approved equipment to provide a firm and uniform bed for approximately one third of the circumference of
the pipe as directed.
Where in the opinion of the Engineer, the material in the bottom of the trench is suitable, the pipes may be
laid directly in the trench, provided the base is over excavated around the joints to allow the barrel of the
pipe to rest on the ground along its entire length. Otherwise, the bedding material shall be of the type, size
and to the depth shown on the Drawings. The bedding material shall be well rammed and shall be scraped
away from under the joints so that the barrel of the pipe is supported along its entire length.
Granular bedding shall be graded within the following limits:
• Maximum particle size 20 mm

• Minimum particle size 0.6 mm
7.05 Laying of Pipes
The Contractor shall exercise care during the loading, transport and unloading of pipes to avoid damage to
the pipes, surface finish and protective coating. Loading and unloading shall be carried out in such a way
that the pipes are under control at all times. Under no circumstances shall pipes, fittings or jointing materials
be dropped or dragged. Pipes and fittings shall be stored on Site in accordance with the manufacturer's80
instructions.
All pipes and fittings shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer immediately prior to laying and any
defective or damaged component shall be rejected. The Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than 48
hours' notice of his intention to proceed with pipe laying and shall not commence until the pipes and fittings


to be laid, have been approved.
Long radius curves in the alignment of pipelines may be accommodated at the joints between pipes. The
maximum allowable deflection at each joint shall not exceed the manufacture's recommendations for the
type and size of pipe/joint.
Joints shall be made strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Before making any joints,
all jointing surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried and maintained in such condition until the joints
have been assembled or completely made.
The Contractor shall take all necessary steps to prevent dirty water or other extraneous matter from entering
the pipeline and should this occur then the Contractor shall immediately carry out the necessary cleaning as
directed by the Engineer. Except when actually jointing, the end of the last pipe laid and any other outlets or
tees shall be kept plugged to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall partially backfill the trenches as soon as possible after laying to protect the pipe and
prevent floatation of the pipeline. Where a pipe surround is specified on the Drawings or ordered by the
Engineer, the material shall be the same as the bedding material and shall be placed and compacted in even
layers not exceeding 200 mm thickness, on both sides of the pipe.
Concrete haunching to pipes shall be provided where specified on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. The haunching shall not continue across pipe joints unless shown otherwise on the Drawings. The
thickness of the haunching under the pipe and the class of concrete shall be as specified on the Drawings or
as directed by the Engineer.
7.06 Backfilling of Trenches
General backfill material shall comprise excavated material excluding lumps and stones retained on a 50mm
sieve. No excavated material, which in the opinion of the Engineer, is or has become unsuitable shall be
used for backfilling purposes. All backfilling will be in accordance with clauses 2.09 and 2.10.
For concrete pipe culverts over which a roadway fill is to be placed, the Contractor shall ensure that the
length of the culvert is sufficient to support the specified width of roadway at the batter slopes shown on the
Drawings or directed.
After the pipes have been bedded, laid and jointed and approved by the Engineer, backfill material shall be
placed about the pipes and compacted by approved equipment for a height of at least 300 mm above the top
of the pipes, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed. The backfill material shall be placed in
layers not exceeding 200 mm up to a level 300 mm above the crown of the pipe. Thereafter the layers shall
not exceed 230 mm. Each layer shall be compacted using plate compactors or heavy hand operated
rammers, particular
care shall be exercised to prevent damage to the pipe or joints.
Backfill material placed within 300 mm of any pipe shall not contain stone or rock fragments having a
maximum dimension greater than 80 mm. Insofar as it Is Practicable, backfill material shall be obtained
from excavations in the vicinity of the pipe being backfilled and additional material which may be required
shall be obtained from approved sources. The pipeline trenches shall only be backfilled in the centre of the
pipes leaving the joints and fittings exposed until after the pipeline has been tested to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
The Contractor shall restore and maintain all land surfaces to a condition as near as practical as to the
original surface or better. Paved surfaces of roads shall be reinstated to a standard commensurate with the
original construction and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Surplus excavated material shall be disposed to
approved spoil tips.
7.07 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Pipes 81
Reinforced cement concrete pipes used in the works shall comply with and are to be laid in accordance with
the requirements of BS 5911, "Pre-cast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products" or as directed by the
Engineer. Unless otherwise specified, all RCC pipe work shall be Class M with spigot and socket type
flexible joints.
7.08 Galvanized Mild Steel Pipe


Galvanized mild steel pipe shall comply with BS 1387, "Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes
and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 threads" or as
approved by the Engineer. Steel fittings with threaded joints shall comply with BS 1740, "Specification for
wrought steel pipe fittings (screwed BS 21 R-series thread). Galvanized steel pipes shall be medium gauge,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
Steel pipes shall be cut using an approved hand operated cutter to give a neat square finish. All threads shall
comply with BS 21, "Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints are
made on the threads (metric dimensions)". Threaded joints shall be sealed with PTFE tape to BS 4375,
"Specification for unsintered PTFE tape for thread sealing applications".
7.09 Flanged Joints
Steel flanges shall be of the weld-on or screw-on type and comply with BS 4504, "Circular flanges for
pipes, valves and fittings (PN designated)" or as approved by the Engineer. The pressure rating shall be
PN10 unless otherwise stated.
Gaskets for flanged joints shall be of fabric reinforced rubber of the full-face type and comply with BS
4865: Part 1, "Specification for non-metallic flat gaskets (including gaskets for flanges to BS 4772)" or as
approved by the Engineer. The joints shall be made using bolts and nuts to BS 4190, "Specification for ISO
metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts", and washers to BS 4320, "Specification for metal washers for
general engineering purposes (metric series)".
82


PART 8
8. PUMPING EQUIPMENT
8.01 Summary of Requirements
The Contractor will provide full details of the pumps to be provided including details of power source,
coupling arrangements, capacity (50 I/sec. or m3/hr), total pumping head (m), suction lines with foot valves
and strainers, delivery lines with connecting valves, manifold pipes, rising main, motor control centres
(including starters, switches, amp meters, voltmeters, indicators and controls), cabling and associated
earthing protection and all civil engineering and building works that are required to install and fix equipment
in and outside pump house.
8.02 Pump Duty Point
The Contractor is to define the pump duty point for the pumping system with the specified number of pumps
each supplying a specified capacity at a declared maximum static head (m) plus an estimated dynamic
friction head (m) in the rising main plus the dynamic head of the suction pipework, the delivery pipework,
the delivery manifold to its connection with the rising main.
8.03 Net Positive Suction Head
The Contractor is to submit the computations to indicate that the pump is capable of providing the net
positive suction head from a stated minimum water level in metres at the pump inlet level and the pump
inlet above the base of the frame.
8.04 Pumps
The specification and capacity of each pump should be stated giving their unit discharge against the
computed total head. The estimated maximum turbidity of the water to be pumped should be stated. The
pumps (if of a centrifugal radial flow type) should preferably be of a back-pull-out type for easy
maintenance.
8.05 Pump Sets
The preferred pump set arrangement is for the pump and electric motor to be close coupled on a common
frame provided by the manufacturer and supplier as a single complete unit.
8.06 Suction Pipework
The suction pipework is to be of a diameter not less than the pump suction diameter and of a class and
material compatible with the location and nature of the installation and shall include a strainer, foot valve
and gate or butterfly valve against the pump inlet.
8.07 Discharge Pipework
The discharge pipework shall be of a diameter not less than the pump discharge and of a class and material
suitable within the pump station and shall include a non-return valve and gate or butterfly valve on each
pump, and a suitably sized manifold connecting the supplied number of pumps to the rising main located
within a specified short distance of the outside face of the pump station.
8.08 Electric Motors
The electric motors shall be drip proof and from a manufacturer whose products are easily available in this
country with service centres for repairs and the power output power shall be commensurate with the pump
duty and starting load requirements.
8.09 Motor Controls
The motor controls shall be contained in an appropriate motor control centre cabinet containing the
following:
• Input power voltmeter on each phase
• Input power on/off cut out
• Star delta starters
• Volt and ampere meters for each motor
• Automatic and manual motor selection of 2 pumps operational and one standby
• Hour metres for each motor
• Dry run cut out for each pump
• Green running lights for each motor
• Emergency stop buttons for each pump 83
8.10 External Electrical Connection
Current is not available in most rural areas. If available, then the external electrical connection from the
motor control centre to the Utilities termination shall be entirely to the approval of relevant utilities.
8.11 Internal Electrical Connection
The internal electrical connections shall be to Utilities approval. The cables between the motor control


centre and the motors shall be in armored conduit firmly attached to the floor of the pump house. The
Contractor shall include for adequate earthing protection for the entire electrical installation.
8.12 Building Work
The Contractor must include for all associated building work required including making holes in 250 mm
thick reinforced concrete walls for pipes and cables and in the roof and brickwork walls and making good.
8.13 Commissioning
The Contractor must include for all costs for testing and commissioning the pumps and electrical
connections and shall provide the necessary pressure gauges, flow meters and multi-meters. Each pump
shall be tested against a closed discharge valve and in normal operating conditions for such time as the
Purchaser's representative deems necessary. Should the Utilities supply connection not be available at the
required time for commissioning then the installation shall be tested using a suitable generator to
temporarily supply the power requirements of the commissioning tests.
8.14 Spare Parts
The tender shall include a detailed schedule of all spare parts recommended by the manufacturers for the
operation of the pumps and motors for a period of 5 years and shall include at least 3 No full-size pump
impellers.
8.15 Manuals
The tender shall include for the provision of 3 complete sets of operation and maintenance manuals on the
entire installation and the workshop manuals and spares lists on the pumps, motors and motor control
centres.
8.16 Training
The tender shall include for the provision of on-the-job training for the representatives of the irrigation
scheme's management on the basic operation of the pump station and further training for the Purchaser's
representatives in the operation and maintenance of the installation.
8.17 Utilities Supply
The Utilities electrical supply shall be provided as a 100 kVA 11/0.4 kV pole-mounted substation and 20m
of 70 mm2 of 4 core underground cable to their termination point.
8.18 Provision of Generator
Should the Utilities connection not be available, then the Contractor shall provide a suitable generator and
make all the necessary connections and operate the generator for the duration of the commissioning tests and
until a completion certificate has been received for the works.
8.19 Other Contractors
During the completion of this contract other Contractors shall be working on the site and the Supplier must
afford all reasonable opportunities for them to carry out their work.
PART 9
9. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURE
9.01 GENERAL
The Contractor shall observe and comply with all National Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential
Decrees, and Ministerial Regulations pertaining to environmental protection, pollution control, waste
management and biodiversity protection, labour laws and land laws.
In conducting his construction activities, the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to minimize
environmental disturbance to the project area and surroundings and to prevent the escape of polluting
substances into streams, water courses, and groundwater. The Contractor shall also utilize all necessary
practicable methods and devices as are available to prevent and otherwise minimize atmospheric emissions
or discharges of air contaminants.
9.02 Pollution of Water Courses and Streams 84
The discharge of polluting liquids, solid waste or other waste into drains, water courses, or groundwater
shall not be permitted. No concrete or cement washings from the works or drainage from the Contractor's
concrete batching and mixing areas, asphalt (hot mix) plants, or other manufacturing or production facilities
shall be allowed to discharge into streams or drains without passing through an adequate system of settling
ponds.

Storage of fuels, fuelling and maintenance of plant and vehicles, etc. shall take place only on sites and under
conditions that that do not allow spilled fuels to be discharged to water bodies. Fuel storage and fuelling
areas shall be equipped with adequate protective measures to confine and retain accidental spillages. No
drainage from fuel store and plant maintenance depots shall be allowed to be discharged without passing
through an adequate arrangement of oil traps and separators.
Washing of vehicles shall not be permitted in streams but only in specially designated and equipped areas.
The Contractor shall be responsible for installation, operation and maintenance of a comprehensive liquid
and solid waste system to all areas of the works, site office and worker's camp. The system shall be
constructed such that no discharges of sewage, oil, cement, silt or other liquid or solid waste matter can
enter the streams and water courses at the site; and it shall have all necessary solid waste and sediment traps,
settling ponds, oil separators, etc., required to ensure that pollution of streams watercourses and natural
bodies of water does not occur. The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the system to the
satisfaction of the Site Engineer.
9.03 Air Pollution
The Contractor shall take all necessary steps to minimize air pollution resultant from his operations. Except
where stipulated in these Specifications for the disposal of natural vegetation and organic materials from
clearing operations, the burning of waste materials for disposal, particularly oil and petroleum wastes,
rubber, plastics and similar materials will not be permitted.
During the performance of the work required under the Contract or of any operations appurtenant thereto,
whether on the Project Site or elsewhere, the Contractor shall take all steps necessary, and shall furnish all
labour, equipment, materials and means, required to reduce dust nuisance from the Works, and to prevent
dust originating from his operations from damaging crops, orchards, cultivated fields, and dwellings; or
causing a nuisance to people. The Contractor shall be held liable for any damage resulting from dust
originating from his operations including on Government roads, right-of-way or elsewhere. The emission of
dust into the atmosphere shall not be permitted during the manufacture, handling and storage and handling
of cement and of concrete aggregates, and the Contractor shall use such methods and equipment as are
necessary for the prevention, or the collection and disposal, of dust during such operations.
All truckloads of loose materials shall be covered during transportation. Concrete batching and mixing
areas, asphalt (hot mix) plants, or other manufacturing or production facilities shall be sited at least 500 m
away from the nearest habitation. Emission outlets shall be fitted with pollution control devices in
compliance with relevant current emission control legislation.
In order to reduce the formation of dust on haul roads, access roads, government roads, aggregate stockpiles,
etc.; water spraying or any other methods shall be used by the Contractor to maintain the works areas,
adjacent areas, and roads, in a dustless condition.
9.04 Noise Pollution
The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to minimize the amount of noise and vibrations coming
from construction activities. The Contractor shall ensure that all plant and equipment is properly maintained
in good operating condition, and that noisy construction activities shall be effectively sound -reduced by
means of silencers, mufflers, acoustic linings or shields, acoustic sheds or screens or other means, to avoid
disturbance to any nearby noise sensitive receivers. All plant and equipment shall comply with relevant
legislation covering sound emissions.
Quarry operations and blasting shall be undertaken so as to minimize blasting and disturbance during the
night.
Operation of trucks and heavy vehicles and machinery shall be restricted to the night hours of 06:30 to
19:00. All necessary measures shall be undertaken to protect schools, hospitals and other adjacent noise
85
sensitive receptors, including the use of noise barriers.
9.05 Damage to Property, Crops and Vegetation
The Contractor shall limit the movement of his employees and, vehicles and equipment within the project
area and on adjacent land, including access routes approved by the Site Engineer, so as to minimize damage
to natural vegetation, crops and property, and shall endeavor to avoid any damage to land.

The Contractor shall strictly ensure employees and, vehicles and equipment do not enter any sensitive
environmental areas that are demarcated as "no -entry" zones.
The Contractor shall preserve existing trees, plants and other vegetation that are to remain within or adjacent
to the Works and shall use every precaution necessary to prevent damage or injury thereto. Trees or shrubs
shall only be felled or removed when such impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary
works areas; double the quantity of so cut trees should be planted by the Contractor. The Contractor should
provide for each area or location a detailed tree list and/or site map which records each individual tree to be
cut. The Contractor shall not proceed to cut any tree, particularly of fruit trees without approval from the
employer/owner.
On completion of the Works all areas disturbed by the Contractor's construction activities shall be restored
by the Contractor to their original condition, or as may be acceptable to the Employer.
The Contractor shall be responsible directly to the Employer for any excessive or unnecessary damage to
crops or lands arising from his operations, whether within the project area, on lands adjacent thereto, or
adjacent to approved access roads. Deductions will be made from the payment due to the Contractor to
cover the cost of such excessive or unnecessary damage, as determined by the Employer.
The Contractor is responsible for compensation for lost assets, including effects on fruit trees, crop,
structure, temporary loss of livelihood and other productive income, if this loss is caused by Contractor.
Compensation should be calculated as replacement cost based on current market price.
9.06 Safety Procedures
The Contractor shall:
(a) comply with all applicable safety regulations,

(b) take care for the safety of all persons entitled to be on the Site,
(c) use reasonable efforts to keep the Site and Works clear of unnecessary obstructions so as to avoid danger
to these persons,
(d) provide fencing, lighting, guarding and watching of the Works until completion and taking over, and
provide any Temporary Works (including roadways, footways, guards and fences) which may be necessary,
because of the execution of the Works, for the use and protection of the public and of owners and occupiers
of adjacent land.
9.07 Avoidance of Interference
The Contractor shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with:
(a) the convenience of the public, or
b) the access to and use and occupation of all roads and footpaths, irrespective of whether they are public or
in the possession of the Employer or of others.
The Contractor shall indemnify and hold the Employer harmless against and from all damages, losses and
expenses (including legal fees and expenses) resulting from any such unnecessary or improper interference.
9.08 Access Routes
The Contractor shall be deemed to have been satisfied as to the suitability and availability of access routes
to the Site at Base Date. The Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to prevent any road or bridge from
being damaged by the Contractor's traffic or by the Contractor's Personnel. These efforts shall include the
proper use of appropriate vehicles and routes, except as otherwise stated in these conditions:
(a) the Contractor shall (as between the Parties) be responsible for any maintenance which may be required
for his use of access routes;
(b) the Contractor shall provide all necessary signs or directions along access routes, and shall obtain any
permission which may be required from the relevant authorities for his use of routes, signs and directions;
(c) the Employer shall not be responsible for any claims which may arise from the use or otherwise of any
access route; 86
(d) the Employer does not guarantee the suitability or availability of particular access routes; and
(e) costs due to non -suitability or non -availability for the use required by the Contractor of access routes
shall be borne by the Contractor
(f) the Contractor should also ensure uninterrupted traffic of humans and animals by providing temporary
access bridge across canal.


(g) the Contractor's site camp should be in a significant distance from the nearby community to avoid any
interference.
(h) the Contractor shall bring the camp site back to normal physical status once the construction work has
been done.
9.09 Cultural Resources
All moveable and Immovable historical and cultural artefacts and heritage items that are discovered or
remain buried and not discovered/excavated in Afghanistan are the property of the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan and any kind of trafficking of such items is considered theft and is illegal under Law on the
Preservation of Afghanistan's Historical and Cultural Heritages and Artefacts (Official Gazette, April 16,
2004). These include monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of "outstanding universal value" from the
historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological point of view, including unrecorded
graveyards and burial sites.
All fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, and structures and other remains or items of geological or
archaeological interest found on the Site shall be placed under the care and authority of the Employer. The
Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to prevent Contractor's Personnel or other persons from
removing or damaging any of these findings, moveable and immovable historical and cultural artefacts and
heritage items.
The Contractor shall, upon discovery of any such finding, give notice to the Engineer no later than seven (7)
days if he/she lives in the capital city of Kabul, and no later than fourteen (14) days in case of provinces.
The Engineer shall issue instructions for dealing with it. If the Contractors do not report such discoveries
within the specified period, they will be incarcerated for a minimum of one (1) month but not more than a
maximum of three (3) months. (Art. 75).
9.10 Engagement of Staff and Labour
Except as otherwise stated in the Specification, the Contractor shall make arrangements for the engagement
of all staff and labour, local or otherwise, and for their payment, feeding, transport, and, when appropriate,
housing.
The Contractor is encouraged, to the extent practicable and reasonable, to employ staff and labour with
appropriate qualifications and experience from sources within the Country.
9.11 Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour
The Contractor shall pay rates of wages, and observe conditions of labour, which are not lower than those
established for the trade or industry where the work is carried out. If no established rates or conditions are
applicable, the Contractor shall follow the principle of "equal pay for equal work" and pay rates of wages
and observe conditions which are not lower than the general level of wages and conditions observed locally
by employers whose trade or industry is similar to that of the Contractor.
The wage of the youths (age 15-18) would be paid in an amount equal to the wage of the workers of 18
years of age and more, with due regard to rank and grade, but regardless of the reduced working time
contained in Article 31 of the Labour Law (Article 129, Labour Law). The wage and other rights of the
work -related disabled worker cannot be less than the wage that he/she earned previously (Article 117,
Labour Law).
The Contractor shall inform the Contractor's Personnel about their liability to pay personal income taxes in
the Country in respect of such of their salaries, wages, allowances and any benefits as are subject to tax
under the Laws of the Country for the time being in force, and the Contractor shall perform such duties in
regard to such deductions thereof as may be imposed on him by such Laws.
9.12 Labour Laws
The Contractor shall comply with all the relevant Labour Laws applicable to the Contractor's Personnel,
including Laws relating to their employment, health, safety, welfare, immigration and emigration, and shall
allow them all their legal rights. The Contractor shall require his employees to obey all applicable Laws,
including those concerning safety at work. 87
9.13 Working Hours
No work shall be carried out on the Site on locally recognized days of rest, or outside the normal working
hours stated in the Contract Data, unless:


(a) otherwise stated in the Contract,
(b) the Engineer gives consent, or
(c) the work is unavoidable, or necessary for the protection of life or property or for the safety of the Works,
in which case the Contractor shall immediately advise the Engineer
(d) the working hours for youths between 15 and 18 years of age, should not exceed the limit of 35 hours
per week.
9.14 Facilities for Staff and Labour
Except as otherwise stated in the Specification, the Contractor shall provide and maintain all necessary
accommodation and welfare facilities for the Contractor's Personnel.
The Contractor shall not permit any of the Contractor's Personnel to maintain any temporary or permanent
living quarters within the structures forming part of the Permanent Works.
9.15 Health and Safety
The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to maintain the health and safety of the
Contractor's Personnel. In collaboration with local health authorities, the Contractor shall ensure that
medical staff, first aid facilities are available at all times at the Site and at any accommodation for
Contractor's and Employer’s Personnel and that suitable arrangements are made for all necessary welfare
and hygiene requirements and for the prevention of epidemics.
In the event that untoward accidents and unexpected diseases occur at the worksite, the Contractor would be
obliged, as the case may be to:
(a) provide first aid services and conditions,
(b) transfer the worker concerned to medical centres and provide for treatment conditions,
(c) when the worker is cured, transfer him to his/her place of residence, (Article 114, Labour Law).
The Contractor has the responsibility to provide job for the employees who have become disabled while
performing their jobs. After their disability is confirmed, according to their capability, they have to be
provided with job opportunities (Article 117, Labour Law)
9.16 Disorderly Conduct
The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to prevent any unlawful, riotous or
disorderly conduct by or amongst the Contractor's personnel, and to preserve peace and protection of
persons and property on and near the Site.
9.17 Supply of Water
The Contractor shall, having regard to local conditions, provide on the site an adequate supply of drinking
and other water for the use of the Contractor's personnel.
9.18 Festivals and Religious Customs
The Contractor shall respect the Country's recognized festivals, days of rest and religious customs.
9.19 Funeral Arrangements
The Contractor shall be responsible, to the extent required by local regulations, for making any funeral
arrangements for any of his local employees who may die while engaged upon the Works.
The Contractor shall provide financial aid for the deceased employee's family for burial ceremony equal to
10 months wage along with its benefits as per the last salary (Article 134, Labour Law).
9.20 Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labour
The Contractor shall not employ "forced or compulsory labour" in any form. "Forced or compulsory labour"
consists of all work or service, not voluntarily performed, that is extracted from an individual under threat of
force or penalty.
9.21 Prohibition of Harmful Child Labour
The Contractor shall not employ any child under 15 years of age to perform any work that is economically
exploitative, or is likely to be hazardous to, or to interfere with, the child's education, or to be harmful to the
child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development.
9.22 Soil Erosion 88
Soil erosion will be restricted by plantation of appropriate vegetation on hill slopes and other potentially
erodible places along the embankment. Care must be taken not to excavate unnecessarily and implement
correct drainage and runoff management procedures in construction areas to limit erosion. The Contractor
shall also take appropriate earth compaction and, in construction of access roads, restriction of vehicular and
construction machinery movements very close to the canal/river banks.


9.23 Degradation of Borrow Pits
The Contractor shall replace stockpiled soil cover. Replant grass/ shrubs. Install sediment runoff control
devices. Efforts shall be made to ensure ongoing erosion monitoring and restore the area back to normal
condition by filling the borrow pit in the source area.
9.24 Increase Inequities Between Downstream and Upstream Communities
Contractor is to ensure that employment opportunities are equally available to downstream and upstream
communities. Contractor to be aware of and pay particular attention to equity issues where different ethnic
or tribal groups are located upstream and downstream.
9.25 Contractor Environmental and Social Focal Point
The Contractor shall designate one of their staff members as the Environmental and Social Focal Point
(ESFP) who is familiar with Environmental and Social aspects of irrigation projects and will be responsible
for the Environmental and Social Management.

89


90

Contract No............................ Annex II

Bill of Quantity
For ITB# ………………….
91

Contract No. …………….. Annex III

SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE

(1) The Contractor’s performance is ordered for XXXXXXXX Months as from the date of signature of the Contract.
(2) Defects Liability Period will be for 12 months period followed from the date of signature by FAO of the Certificate of Completion.
(3) Receipt of the detailed work plan by the Resident Engineer is a must within two (2) weeks of the date of entry into force of the Contract,
according to Article 2.4 of Section I. The said work plan is to furnish the information on details of construction materials provision and
the manpower allocation.

Contract No. …………….. Annex III

Schedule of construction works

This is the work plan submitted by the contractor at the time of bidding; the actual work plan will follow after signature of the contract and
will be an integral part of the contract.

Contract No……………………. Annex IV

SERVICES AND FACILITIES PROVIDED BY FAO

FAO has undertaken to provide the following: Not Applicable.
94

Contract No…………… Annex V

SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT

1. FAO shall effect the payments subject to the provisions of Article 5and 6 of Section I and
upon receipt, at the FAO Office mentioned in paragraph 5 below, of one (1) copy of the
Contract duly signed by the Contractor.

The payment schedule for the contract is as per below:

First Payment will be effected upon completion of 25-30% of works/services under this
contract and upon invoice acceptance by the Resident Engineer and FAO’s Contract
Manager mentioned in Article 20.1 of Section I and/or FAO Representative or
Authorized FAO Officer. The 10% of the invoiced amount will be withheld by FAO and
represent the retention amount;

Second Payment will be effected upon completion of 60-70% of works/services under
this contract and upon invoice acceptance by the Resident Engineer and FAO’s Contract
Manager mentioned in Article 20.1 of Section I and/or FAO Representative or
Authorized FAO Officer. The 10% of the invoiced amount will be withheld by FAO and
represent the retention amount;

Third payment will be effected upon completion of 100% of works/services and upon
signature of Certificate of Completion by FAO and provision of a Handover Certificate
by the Contractor. This payment will include the amount payable for actual works
performed and 50% of the retention amount withheld by FAO during previous payments;

Final payment representing 50% of the retention amount withheld by FAO during
previous payments will be effected upon signature of the Defects Liability Period (DLP)
Certificate, completion of all responsibilities of the Contractor in respect of DLP and
upon expiration of the DLP, and, where applicable, after rendering of the works
concerning liability period of the contract stating the quantity of works completed,
accepted and duly certified by the Resident Engineer and FAO’s Contract Manager
mentioned in Article 20.1 of Section I and/or FAO Representative or Authorized FAO
Officer.

2. Total FAO’s liability against aforementioned payment schedule shall not exceed:
3. USD …………………. (………………….)

3. The Contractor shall indicate clear payment/banking instructions on all invoices which shall bear a
consecutive number and indicate:

3.1. Contract No.................
95

Contract No…………… Annex V

3.2. Any supporting documents attached;

3.3. The certification by the Resident Engineer mentioned in Article 10 of Section I, if
required by the provisions of the present Annex.

4. The Contractor shall submit the invoices mentioned above and duly certified by the Resident Engineer,
for approval to the FAO Representative to the following address:

FAO of the United Nations
Premises of Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock,
Jamal Mina, Opposite Kabul University
Kabul, Afghanistan, Mr. Tomio Shichiri FAOR
through
................................

Kabul, Afghanistan
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GCP/AFG/................. project

5. FAO will make payment to a bank account indicated by the Contractor in its invoice, providing that the
bank account is in the name of the Contractor and located in the country of residence of the Contractor.
Any request for payment to a bank account other than that of the Contractor or to a bank other than one
located in the Contractor’s country of residence should be specified in a written notice with the reasons
for such deviation from standard payment terms, and authorized by FAO’s Contract Manager
mentioned in Article 20.1 of Section I.
96

Contract No. …………… Annex VII

STATEMENT OF DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE RESIDENT ENGINEER

FAO’s Resident Engineer, hereinafter the Resident Engineer, shall supervise the execution of this
Contract from the day it is signed by FAO until the completion of the Defects Liability Period and
the signature of the Certificate of Defects Liability Period.

The Resident Engineer may at any time delegate in writing to the Resident Engineer’s
representative any of the duties and powers vested in the Resident Engineer by virtue of this
Contract, it being understood that he/she shall remain responsible towards FAO for the acts and
omissions of his/her representative. He/she shall send the Contractor and FAO a copy of any such
delegation of authority. Any decision taken by the Resident Engineer’s representative within the
terms of such delegation shall bind the Contractor as though it had been taken by the Resident
Engineer. The duties and powers of the Resident Engineer are the following:

1. The Resident Engineer shall in general carry out such duties as issuing instructions, decisions,
certificates and orders as are required for the satisfactory execution of the Contract.

2. The Resident Engineer is, in particular, empowered to:

2.1. Carry out tests of samples of materials and supplies and verify workmanship, as
he/she may consider necessary at the cost of the Contractor in order to ensure their
compliance with the relevant specifications and standards of Annex I;

2.2. Approve in writing extensions of the times for completion of the Works as set out in
Annex III except if they are caused by circumstances for which, in the opinion of the
Resident Engineer, the Contractor is responsible;

2.3. Explain, adjust and modify in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the specifications of
Annex I and the relevant drawings of the Works, provided always that this shall not result
in any additional costs to FAO beyond the amount specified in Article 4.1 of Section I;

2.4. Measure quantities of work completed and approve or reject invoices submitted by the
Contractor for such quantities;

2.5. Determine the amount(s) of liquidated damages and deduct them from any of the
Contractor’s invoices due for payment;

2.6. Issue and sign the Certificates of Completion of Works and Defects Liability Period;

2.7. Authorize the execution of additional works by the Contractor, including the delivery of
goods, materials and services not listed in Annex I.

3. The Resident Engineer shall immediately notify the FAO Representative and Contract Manager
of any accident arising from the execution of the Contract and shall provide full particulars
thereof.

4. The Resident Engineer in the project country is:

.................................................................., 97
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, GCP/AFG/............................ project

Contract No. …………… Annex VII

DRAFT CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF WORKS

WHEREAS

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, hereinafter referred to as the
“Organization” or “FAO”, has awarded to the firm ....................................................

, hereinafter referred to as the “Contractor”, a Contract bearing number ....................., hereinafter
referred to as the “Contract”, and

The Contractor has completed all of the construction works as set out in detail in the Contract and
hereinafter referred to as the “Works” in accordance with the specifications and at the sites set out
therein,

NOW THEREFORE

I the undersigned, in my capacity as FAO’s Resident Engineer mentioned in Article 10 of Section I
of the Contract, having supervised the construction of the Works and having duly undertaken all
necessary inspections and verifications of such Works in accordance with the rules and regulations
of my profession, confirm that the Works mentioned below have been completed in full compliance
with the relevant specifications, plans and drawings of the Contract and the laws and regulations of
the country where such Works have been constructed, on the date of signature of this certificate,
except for the reservations set out below, if any. This date being the date of commencement of the
Defects Liability Period of such Works which will continue for the period of time mentioned in
Article 19 of Section I of the Contract.

The Works completed are the following:
....................................................................
....................................................................
The reservations are the following: (*)
...................................................................
....................................................................
(*) (if not applicable please indicate “NONE”)
1. Signature: .................................. Name: .......................(Place and date of issue)
Title: Resident Engineer of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Signed in :.............................(Place of issue) On..........................(Date of issue)
2. Signature:.....................................................Name: ..........................................................
Title: FAO Representative or his Authorized Agent
3. Signature:.....................................................Name: ..........................................................
Title: The Contractor
Signed in: :.............................(Place of issue) On..........................(Date of issue)
98

Contract No. ……………. Annex VIII

DRAFT HANDOVER CERTIFICATE

WHEREAS

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations hereinafter referred to as the
“Organization” or “FAO” has awarded to the firm .......................................

, hereinafter referred to as the “Contractor”, a Contract bearing the number ................,hereinafter
referred to as the “Contract”, and the Contractor has delivered and installed the equipment and
materials as detailed in the Contract and hereinafter referred to as the “equipment” in accordance
with the specifications and at the sites and/or locations set out therein,

NOW THEREFORE

We the undersigned, representing FAO and ........................................

Have visited the site and have accepted the works executed in accordance with the relevant
specifications of the Contract except for the:

Reservations set out below, if any (if not applicable please indicate “NONE”):
...................................................................
...................................................................

CONSEQUENTLY

FAO relinquishes control of the site and returns all responsibilities to the (Name of Government
entity to receive the finished works) hereby relieves FAO from all responsibilities upon
signature of this certificate.

Signed:
FOR FAO:
Signed in: .................................. On: ........................ (Place and date of the handover)
Signature: ...............................................................
Name ....................................................................

Title: The Resident Engineer of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or
his/her authorized representative

FOR THE CONTRACTOR:

Contractor’s name: ...............................
Signed in: .................................. On: ........................
Signature: ...............................................................
Title: ...............................................................
99

Contract No. ……………. Annex VIII

FOR THE GOVERNMENT ENTITY:
Signed in: .................................. On: ........................ (Place and date of issue)
Signature: ...............................................................
Name ....................................................................
Title: ..............................................................
10

Contract No. ………………. Annex X

DRAFT CERTIFICATE OF DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD

WHEREAS

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, hereinafter referred to as the
“Organization” or “FAO”, has awarded to the firm ................................

, hereinafter referred to as the “Contractor”, a Contract bearing the number ...................., hereinafter
referred to as the “Contract”, and

The Contractor has completed all of the construction works as set out in detail in the Contract and
hereinafter referred to as the “Works” in accordance with the specifications and at the sites set out
therein and has repaired such Works to the satisfaction of FAO’s Resident Engineer and in
compliance with the relevant provisions of the Contract and the laws, regulations and customs of the
country where such Works have been constructed,

NOW THEREFORE

I the undersigned, in my capacity as FAO’s Resident Engineer mentioned in Article 10 of Section I
of the Contract, having supervised the construction of the Works and having duly undertaken all
necessary inspections and verifications of such Works as required by the rules and regulations of
my profession, confirm that the Works mentioned below have been repaired to my satisfaction for
the prescribed period of time in full compliance with the relevant provisions and specifications of
the Contract until the date of signature of this certificate. This date being the end of the Defects
Liability Period of such Works mentioned in Article 19 of Section I of the Contract.

The Works which have been repaired are the following:

....................................................................

....................................................................

1. Signature: .................................. Name: .......................(Place and date of issue)

Title: Resident Engineer of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2. Signature:.....................................................Name: ..........................................................

Title: FAO Representative or his authorized agent


3. Signature:.....................................................Name: ..........................................................

Title: The Contractor

Signed in: :.............................(Place of issue) On..........................(Date of issue)
10


STATEMENT OF SUBCONTRACTORS

FAO authorizes the Contractor to have the following work and services executed by its
subcontractors as mentioned below:

1. ..... (Works) by ..... (Subcontractor) Not Applicable.
10


DRAWINGS

The drawings have been already provided to the Contractor in the set of documents pertaining to the
ITB No: .................... and are enclosed to this contract on the CD drive or as separate print-out.
There are no deviations between the drawings provided at the time of ITB solicitation and as
enclosed to the Contract on the CD drive or as separate print-out.
10

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Contract No………… (i)

CONTRACT No. ...........

SECTION I: SPECIAL PROVISIONS 2

ARTICLE 1 – CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE 2

ARTICLE 2 – SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE 2

ARTICLE 3 – PARTICIPATION OF FAO 3

ARTICLE 4 – FAO’S FINANCIAL LIABILITY 3

ARTICLE 5 – SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF PAYMENT 3

ARTICLE 6 – LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 4

ARTICLE 8 – CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES 5

ARTICLE 9 – SUPERVISION OF THE EXECUTION OF THE WORKS 5

ARTICLE 10 – WORK QUALITY 6

ARTICLE 11 – INSPECTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 6

ARTICLE 12 – ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 7

ARTICLE 13 – PRESENCE OF THE CONTRACTOR ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE 8

ARTICLE 14 – CONSTRUCTION SITE LOGBOOK 8

ARTICLE 15 – CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF WORKS AND PROVISIONAL

ARTICLE 16 – CLEARANCE OF SITE ON COMPLETION OF WORKS 9

ARTICLE 17 – HANDOVER CERTIFICATE 9

ARTICLE 18 – CERTIFICATE OF DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD AND FINAL

ARTICLE 20 – DESIGNATION OF THE CONTRACT MANAGERS 10

ARTICLE 21 – PUBLICATION OF CONTRACT AWARDS 10

ARTICLE 22 – CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 10

Contract No………… (ii)

SECTION II – STANDARD PROVISIONS 11

ARTICLE 1 – LEGAL STATUS OF THE PARTIES: 11

ARTICLE 2 – RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES 11

ARTICLE 5 – EXAMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE 13

ARTICLE 6 – DELAYS AND DEFAULTS 14

ARTICLE 8 – EXPORT LICENSING 15

ARTICLE 10 – INSURANCE AND LIABILITY 17

ARTICLE 11 – ENCUMBRANCES AND LIENS 18

ARTICLE 12 – EQUIPMENT FURNISHED BY FAO TO THE CONTRACTOR 18

ARTICLE 13 – COPYRIGHT, PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS 19

ARTICLE 14 – PUBLICITY, AND USE OF THE NAME, EMBLEM OR OFFICIAL SEAL OF

ARTICLE 15 – CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OF DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION 20

ARTICLE 16 – FORCE MAJEURE; OTHER CHANGES IN CONDITIONS 20

ARTICLE 18 – NON-WAIVER OF RIGHTS 24

ARTICLE 20 – SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES, CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION 24

ARTICLE 21 – PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES AND APPLICABLE LAW 25

ARTICLE 22 – TAX EXEMPTION 25

ARTICLE 24 – AUDITS AND INVESTIGATIONS 26

ARTICLE 25 – LIMITATION ON ACTIONS 26

ARTICLE 26 – ESSENTIAL TERMS 27

Contract No………… (ii)

ARTICLE 27 – SOURCE OF INSTRUCTIONS 27

ARTICLE 28 – OFFICIALS NOT TO BENEFIT 27

ARTICLE 29 – OBSERVANCE OF THE LAW 27

ARTICLE 32 – SEXUAL EXPLOITATION 28

ARTICLE 34 – PROHIBITED PRACTICES 28

ARTICLE 35 – DISCLOSURE OF SANCTIONS OR TEMPORARY SUSPENSION 29

ARTICLE 36 – COLLABORATION WITH CERTAIN COUNTRIES 29

ARTICLE 37 – INTERPRETATION OF THE CONTRACT 29

ARTICLE 6 – LIQUIDATED DAMAGES

Signed on behalf of:

Sub project: ...................................................................

Site Name and Location: ..............................................

Scope of works: ..............................................................

• Establishment of Contractor's office or site office, site mobilization

1.12 Transportation of Plant and Equipment

1.20 "As-Built" Drawings

Particle Size: every 2,000 cu.m or every change in source

Moisture content IS 2720 Part II or BS 1377-1a