Waves

LECTURE 2 Power & Intensity of a Wave

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Waves
LECTURE 2 Power & Intensity of a Wave
Equation of SHW
Different forms of SHW Equation:

If at t = 0, x = 0, initial phase of oscillation is α, then general equation is

 Velocity & Acceleration of a Particle
y
v
P

O
x
k=0 t = x/v
x
Velocity & Acceleration of a Particle
differential wave equation

(curvature of displacement curvature)

ap = v2 x Curvature of Displacement Curvature

Example A SHW travelling in + x direction has amplitude 15 cm, wavelength
40 cm and frequency 8 Hz. Find the Speed of Wave, Angular wave
number and Maximum Particle Speed.

A. 1.3 m/s, 3π rad/m, 0.1π m/s

B. 2.1 m/s, 4π rad/m, 1.1π m/s
C. 3.2 m/s, 5π rad/m, 2.1π m/s
D. 4.3 m/s, 6π rad/m, 3.1π m/s
Solution:

SHW is Positive (+ve). A = 15 cm, λ = 40 cm, = 8 Hz

k=?
⍵ = 2𝜋 v=?
⍵ = 16𝜋 rad/sec Vmax = ?
Wave speed = v = λ = 8 ⨉ 0.4 = 3.2 m/s

Angular wave :
 The equation of a SHW is y = 6 sin (600t - 2x).
Example
Find Ratio of velocity amplitude of particles to wave speed.
A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
Solution:
Example Show that y = 8e3x-4t is SHW, also find wave speed?
A. 2/3 m/s
B. 4/3 m/s
C. 3/4 m/s
D. 8/3 m/s

Differential Wave Equation

Solution: y = 8e3x - 4t

SHW Equation

Acceleration particles = v2 (Curvature of displacement wave)

v = 4/3 m/s
Power & Intensity of a Wave
 SHM
Power & Intensity of a Wave E = ½ mω2A2
 SHM
Power & Intensity of a Wave E = ½ mω2A2
 Intensity of a Wave
Power per unit cross-sectional area is Wave Intensity
Power of a Wave SHM Energy :
E = ½ mω2A2
The energy transferred per unit time by the wave.

v
S = Cross-section area
P
x

Linear mass density (μ)

v t=1
t=0

Power of wave: Oscillation energy supplied to v metre length of medium.

Length that gets energy in 1 sec

P=
 Oscillation Energy:
Intensity of a Wave E = ½ mω2A2
Power per unit cross-sectional area is Wave Intensity :

P = ½ (ρsv)(2π )2A2 S = Cross-section area

P = 2π2 2A2 (ρsv)

 Wave Intensity
Power per unit cross-sectional area is Wave Intensity : P = Power
S = Cross-section area

For a given medium :

Both the expressions of Power and Intensity are valid for all kinds of SHW (light as well as
sound waves).
 A blast of sound of intensity 300 W/m2 and frequency π Hz. If the density
Example
of air is 2 kg/m3 and speed of sound in air is 300 m/s, Find the Amplitude
of Wave.
Take π2 = 10
A. 1/10 m
B. 1/15 m
C. 1/20 m
D. 1/25 m
Solution:
Example A blast of sound of intensity 0.8 w/m2 and frequency 1 kHz. If the
density of air is 1.3 kg/m3 and speed of sound in air is 330 m/s, Find
the Amplitude of Wave.

A. 3.27 x 4-3 m
B. 5.43 x 6-5 m
C. 9.65 x 10-6 m
D. 11.73 x 12-7 m
Solution: Isound = 0.8 w/m2,
= 1000 Hz,
ω =2000𝜋 rad/sec,
ρair = 1.3 kg/m3,
νsound = 330 m/s,

A=? (amplitude)
Example Two waves in a given medium are represented by the displacement
curves shown in figure. Find the ratio of their intensities.

A. 11/17 y
B. 25/36
C. 32/45 Wave 1
5
D. 48/71

Wave 2
Solution: y
Wave 1
5

From the curve :

Wave 2

Some medium ρ, S :
Wave Speed of Transverse Wave on a
String
 Wave Speed of Transverse Wave on a string
v
A B

dl
Tension = T

T
Linear Mass Density = μ kg/m T

θ
θ
Wave Speed of Transverse Wave on a string

Restoring Force FR = 2Tsinθ

= 2Tθ

= T(2θ) = Tdl/R = (dmv2)/R

= Tdl/R = (μ dl) v2 /R

v= T/μ
 A 4 kg block is attached to one end of string A as shown. Other end of
Example string is connected to the ceiling of elevator which is going upward with
acceleration 2 m/s2. The linear mass density of string is 19.2 x 10-3 kg/m,
Find speed with which a wave pulse can travel along the string.
[Take g = 10 m/s2]
A. 30 m/s
B. 50 m/s
A
C. 70 m/s a = 2 m/s2
D. 90 m/s
4 kg
Solution:
Example A string with linear mass density μ = 5 x 10-2 kg/m is under a tension of
80 N. How much Power must be supplied to the string to generate SHW
at a frequency of 60 Hz and amplitude of 6 cm.

A. 247 watts
B. 512 watts
C. 724 watts
D. 985 watts
Solution:
Example A heavy but uniform rope of length L is suspended from ceiling. The rope
is given a jerk at its bottom end. Find the velocity of the pulse created by
jerk as a function of distance from the bottom end x. Also find the time
taken by pulse to reach the top.
A. L/g
B. 2 L/g
C. 3 L/g
T P
D. 5 L/g
x
Solution:

Tension in the string at distance ‘x’ from

bottom T P

x
Wave speed at
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