(Assume that Cp = 0.

27 kcallkg-K and
R = 29.2 kg-mlkg/K)
(30)
3. (a) A boiler has a volume of I 0 m3 and contains water in liquid and vapour phases at 3 0 kg/cm2
pressure. Initially the liquid phase occupies half the volume. Fluid may be allowed to escape
from the boiler by two valves one at the top of the boiler and the other at the bottom. Heat is
transferred to the boiler at such a rate that the temperature of the fluid remains constant. Find
the amount of heat which must be transferred if 3 0 0 kg of fluid are allowed to escap via (i)
upper valve (ii) lower valve. It may be assumed that no liquid particles are held in s ｰ･ ｾ ｩ ｾ＠
in the vapour. '
(30)
(b) A multistage gas turbine is to be designed with impulse stages and is to ｯ ｏＮｾ ｴｬ＠an inlet
pressure and temperature of 6 kgflcm and 900 K ｲ･ｳｰ｣ｴｩｶｬｹ ｴ･ ｯｾ ｩ ｳｵｲ･＠
2
is I
kgflcm2 and 900 K respectively. The outlet pressure is I kgflcm2.
the turbine is likely to be 8 5%. All stages are to have a nozzle outlet
and outlet blade angles, a mean blade speed of 25 0 mf
:a
isen pte efficiency of
15°, equal in! et,
s 0equal mlet and outlet gas
velocities. Estimate the number of stages required. Assu e
1.333.
Any data not given can be assumed sui table.
CJ Ｐ ｾ ＷＶ＠ kcallkg-K and y =

ｾ＠ (30)
4. (a) Calculate the power required for two ｣ｯ ｭ ｦｴ･ＧＺｳ ｾｦｬ＠ ammonia system that serves a 3 0-
tonne evaporator at -2 8. 9°C. The syst ｾ ｬｩ･Ｇ ＠ｳ a illrect contact cascade condenser, and the
condenser temperature is 37.8 •c. The o ｩｬ ｾ ｡ｬｵ･ｳ＠ｶ or ammonia are available:

Pressure kgf!cm 2 Enthalpy lccallkg

4.13 48.9 376.9
14.00 87.8 386.6
150 424.4

(2) Saturated Ammonia

Saturation Press Enthalpy krallkg Entropy{Vapour)

kgf!cm 2 lccallkg-K
hg h,
-28.9 1.3772 336 119 1.3772
0.56 1.27 345 43.7 1.27
37.8 1.3772 351.6 86.2 1.171

If instead of two-stage compression a single-stage is used calculate the power required. Also
compare the COP of one-stage and two-stage systems.
(35)
(b) A room 7m x 4m x 4m is occupied by an air-water vapour mixture at 38°C. The atmospheric
pressure is I kgflcm2 and the relative humidity is 70% Determine the humidity ratio, dew-
point, mass of air and the mass of water vapour. If the mixture of air-water vapour is further
 cooled at constant pressure until the temperature is 10 •c, find the amount of water which
condensed.
Assume
R
---!L. = 0.622 and R.r = 29.2 kg-mlkg-K (25)
R.,p,..

SECnONB ｾ＠
5. Answer any three of the followmg four parts (answer to each part should not exceed 2 00 ｾｯ＠ ｾ Ｚ Ｇ＠
(a) (1) Show that for an 1deal gas wtth constant heat capacities, the slope (
o S - ｾ ｦｯｲ＠ a
revers1ble ad1abat1c pro cess 1s negative and that 1t has larger absolute v u than the
slope of a P-V curve for an Isotherm at the same value of P ant l
(I 0)
(u) A thermometer 1s mserted m a p1p e through which 1s flowtng a y stream of gas at
a temperature T1 and velocity u1. Will the ｩｮ､｣｡ｴ･ Ｐ ｡ ｾ＠ be higher than, lower

(b)
than or same as T 1 ?

Explam the purpose of usmg regenerative ｣ｹ ｾ

r '!
･ｲ＠plant. Outline a method for
(10)

optimum heater lo catl on How does a reheat.,rv tlve cycle differ from regenerative

(c) (1) Prove that system energy 1s pert)

(I 0)
(u) Prove that ｾ＠
ds=c dT Ｋ ｾ ｜ ｾ ｃ＠
'T ｾｔ＠
(I 0)
(d) formation of carbon depo s1ts and smoke m gas turbine
om ｵｳｴｬ ｾ＠ chamber ?

(I 0)

6. Explam the term 'cntlcal msulatlon th1ckness' A small electnc heating apphcatlon uses
0 183 em diameter wtre wtth 0 071 em thick msulatlon The thermal conduct:1111ty of the
insulation is 0.1 015 kcal/m-hour •c and surface convection beat transfer coefficient is 29.3
kcal./m2 -hour •c Calculate the critical thickness of the insulation and the effect of employing
critical insulation thickness. Assume that the temperature difference between the surface of
the -wire and surrounding air remains unchanged. Derive the formula used.
(30)
(b) In a long tube of outer radius r0 is insulated at its outer periphery. The tube is cooled at the
inner radius r 1. Uniform heat generation at the rate of q occurs within the solid walls of the
tube.
 (i) Find a general soluti on for temperature distribution in the tub e. (The maximum
permissible temperature at the insulated surfacer = r0 is T0).
(ii) Heat removal rate.
Assumptions, if any, be stated clear! y. (30)
7. (a) For flow of a liquid metal through a circular tube, the velocity and temperature profiles at a
particular axial location may be approximated as being uniform and parabolic respectively.
What is the value of Nusselt number at this location ? (2 0)
(b)

(c)

(1)

(ii)
v = 15.36 x 10-6 m2/s,
Pr = 0.709

(30)
8. (a) Show by d1menr o • st s that for turbulent flow m rough p1p es the res1stance coeffic1ent
f 1s a funct1on o y ,Jd number and the ratio Rfk where R 1s the p1pe radius and k 1s the
average he1ght o " ughness proJ ectlons on the wall of the p1p e (2 0)
(b) Den ｶ･ ｾ ｲ･ｳ Ｎ ｯｮ＠ for spec1fic speed of a turbme m terms of 1ts speed N, output power P
｡ｮ ｾ＠

ｾ＠
ectnc station the avatlable head 1s 6 0 m and 1t 1s anticipated that 32 3 m3/s of
t wtll be avatl able Franc1s turbmes of sp ec1fic speed of 19 0 ate to be mstalled and are to
0 0 r p m wtth an overall efficiency of 8 2% Detemune the maxtmum power avatlabl e
m the turbmes and the number reqwred (2 0)
Discuss the various mechanisms of heat transfer that take place when a red hot steel is
quenched in a brine sol uti on at atmospheric temperature till the steel attains the temperature
of the brine solution. Sketch the same on a heat flux-temperature diagram. (20)