10 Problems & Solutions on Optics At sea level, r = R = 6400 x 10° m. This with (1) and (4) yields p x 6400 x 10% 3700 =1tp, giving p = 0.00136. At sea level, i.e., at 300 K and 1 atmosphere pressure, no —1 = po = 0.0003. Therefore f a453. Po Thus only if the air were 4.53 times as dense as the real air would light bend around the earth with the earth’s curvature at sea level. 1009 Incident parallel rays make an angle of 5° with the axis of a diverging lens —20 cm in focal length. Locate the image. (Wisconsin) Solution: 20 x tan5° = 1.75 cm. The image is a virtual point image in the focal plane 1.75 cm off the optical axis. 1010 A thin lens with index of refraction n and radii of curvature Ry and Rz is located between 2 media with indices of refraction n, and nz as shown (Fig. 1.12). If S; and S2 are the object and image distances respectively, and f; and fz the respective focal lengths, show that hy h_ gia (Wisconsin)n n2 a Ra ———— s 82 Fig. 1.12 Fig. 113 Solution: First we study the relation between fy, fz and Ry, Ra,ni,n2,n. As Fig. 1.13 shows, a ray parallel to the axis is refracted at Q and crosses the axis at the second focal point Fa; a ray along the axis passes through F2 also. As the optical lengths of the two rays are equal, we have m1 P1Q + n2QF2 = nP1P2 + n2P2F2 . (1) As QO2 = Pi02 = Ri, we have Hence PP, = % (4 + 4) . As P{Q = P,0, w= + Aan (i+ 2) 2 - BiFi = fh -Pa0 = f- ap substituting into (1) yields (2) Similarly we obtain m _n-m n-nm pet pe (3)2 Problems & Solutions on Optice Let A and A’ be a pair of conjugate points. We have — — Sa AQ = (h? + S2)'/? 3 S, (1+) RQ = Sp (1+) : 257 a oe 2 A? APr=S,-PiO=Si- 75, APa=S- a5 Substituting these in the optical path equation +nPiP2+n2A’P2 yields (4) Combining (2), (3) and (4) yields Ah 37S 1011 A line object 5 mm long is located 50 cm in front of a camera lens. ‘The image is focussed on the film plate and is 1 mm long. If the film plate is moved back 1 cm the width of the image blurs to 1 mm wide. What is the F-number of the lens? (Wisconsin) Solution: Substituting u = 50 cm and # = } in the Gaussian lens formula iii u'o f gives f = 8.33 cm, v = 10 cm. From the similar triangles in Fig. 1.14 we have Dow v 1’ or D=0.lv= 10cm. Therefore, F = f/D = 8.33.