REVIEW AND COMPREHENSION
1. List the seven major functions of the muscular system.
2. Define contractility, extensibility, and elasticity.
3. List the connective tissue layers associated with
muscles.
4. What are fasciculi?
5. What is a muscle fiber?
6. Explain the relevance of the structural relationship
among sarcomeres, T tubules, and the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
7. What is sarcomere?
8. Describe the composition of a myofibril. Describe the
structure of actin and myosin myofilaments.
9. Explain the resting membrane potential and how it is
produced.
10.Describe the production of an action potential.
11.What is a neuromuscular junction? What happens
there?
12.Describe the sliding filament model of muscle
contraction.
13.Explain how an action potential results in a muscle
contraction.
14.Define muscle twitch, tetanus, and recruitment.
15.Describe the two ways energy is produced in skeletal
muscle.
16.Explain fatigue.
17.Compare isometric, isotonic, concentric, and eccentric
contraction.
18.What is muscle tone?
19.Compare show-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
20.How do smooth muscles and cardiac muscles differ
from skeletal muscle?
21.Define origin, insertion, agonist, antagonist, synergist,
prime mover, and fixator.
22.Describe the muscles of facial expression.
23.What is mastication? What muscles are involved?
24.What are the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles?
25.What muscles are involved in swallowing?
26.What muscles are involved in respiration?
27.Describe the functions of the muscles of the anterior
abdominal wall.
28.What is primarily responsible for attaching the upper
limb to the body?
29.Describe, by muscle groups, movements of the arm,
forearm, and hand.
30.Describe, by muscle groups, movements of the thigh
leg, and foot.
REVIEW AND COMPREHENSION

Duro, Sheena
BSMT-1B

ANSWER FOR MUSCLE SYSTEM

REVIEW AND COMPREHENSION
1. What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?
2. Name of the major types of fibers and molecules in the
extracellular matrix of the skeletal system. How do they
contribute to the functions of tendons, ligaments,
cartilage and bones?
3. Define diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, medullary
cavity, articular cartilage, periosteum, and endosteum.
4. Describe the structure of compact bone. How do
nutrients reach the osteocyte in compact bone?
5. Describe the structure of spongy bone. What are a
trabeculae?
How do nutrients reach osteocytes in trabeculae?
6. Define and describe intramembranous and endochondral
ossification.
7. How do bones grow in diameter? How long bones grow
in length?
8. What is accomplished by bone remodeling? How does
bone repair occur?
9. Define the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
10.Name the bones of the braincase and the face.
11. Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses. What are
their functions?
12.What is the function of hard palate?
13.Through what foramen does the brain connect to the
spinal cord?
14.How do the vertebrae protect the spinal cord? Where do
the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?
15.Name and give the number of each type of vertebra.
Describe the characteristics that distinguish the different
types of vertebrae from one another.
16.What is the function of thoracic cage? Name the parts of
the sternum. Distinguish among true, false, and floating
ribs.
17.Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle, arm,
forearm, wrist, and hand. How many phalanges are in
each finger and in the thumb?
18.Define the pelvic girdle. What bones fuse to form each
hipbone? Where and with what bones do the hip bones
articulate?
19.Name the bones of the thigh, leg ankle and foot.
20.Define joint, or articulation. Name and describe the
differences among the three major classes of joints.
21.Describe the structure of a synovial joints. How do the
different parts of the joint permit joint movement?
22.On what basis are synovial joints classified? Describe the
different types of synovial joints, and give example of
each. What movements does each type of joint allow?
23.Describe and give examples of flexion/extension,
abduction/adduction, and supination/pronation.
REVIEW AND COMPREHENSION

Duro, Sheena
BSMT-1B

ANSWER FOR SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. Support, Movement, and Protect/
2.