ANATOMY – VIVA QUESTIONS

1. HEAD & NECK

(a) SOFT TISSUE

Describe the histology of parotid gland.

Parathyroid glands
Lacrimal apparatus and physiology of the tear drainage
Describe anatomy of thyroid gland.
Venous drainage of face
Parathyroid histology
Deep fascia of neck – attachments
Posteromedial relations of thyroid
Blood supply of the thyroid
Capsule of the thyroid
Movement of the thyroid during swallowing
Relations of the isthmus of thyroid
What are emissary veins?
Importance of mastoid emissary vein

(b) BONES

Infraorbital foramen
Supraorbital foramen
Skull foramina
Clinical fetures of # zygomatic bone
Medial wall of orbital fossa
Internal acoustic meatus
How do you surface mark middle meningeal artery?
Temperomandibular joint
Foramen transversersarium – structures passing through, distribution
of vertebral artery
Margins of orbit
Tegmen tympani
Relations of neck of 1st rib – clinical importance
Tympanic part of temporal bone
Internal acoustic meatus
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Orbital bony skeleton
Base of the skull – identify the foramina, name structures passing
through them
Pterion – what are the contributory bones? What is the importance?
Where do you perform Burr hole?
In EDH, what are the areas of the brain that will be compressed?
What are the types of joints in skull?
Structures passing on superior surface of first rib

(c) NEUROANATOMY

CSF production and pathway

Clinical examination of different branches of facial nerve
Sigmoidal sinus – identification, relations, clinical importance
Pathway (intracranial and extracranial) of facial nerve
What are the relations of middle ear? Clinical importance of the
relations to posterior cranial fossa.
Describe cranial nerves.
Circle of Willis
Infraorbital nerve
Sigmoid sinus – relations to middle ear
Facial nerve relations to middle ear
Course and components of facial nerve
CSF formation
Venous sinuses related to the base of the skull
What is the drainage of superior saggital vein?
What are the tributaries and communications of cavernous sinus?
Tell me something about retina.
Optic nerve-relations
Identify optic radiation, optic tract.
Retina
Trace the facial nerve

2. THORAX

(a) SOFT TISSUE

Thymus
How do you aspirate pleural cavity?
How do you surface mark lung, pleura?
What is the surgical relevance of intercostals space?
What are the branches of aorta?
What is the extent of trachea? What are the constituents of tracheal
wall? What are the relations of trachea? What do you know about
embryological defects in trachea?
Arch of aorta
Identify right and left lungs
Relations of lung

(b) BONES
Rib – relations, consequences of rib #
Sternoclavicular joint
Thoracic vertebra – identification, compare with lumbar vertebra,
articulations, compare with cervical vertebra
Identification of thoracic vertebra
What are the joints in a thoracic vertebra?
Upper thoracic rib, # of the rib during ….
Clinical importance of the costal groove structures
Typical and atypical ribs

3. ABDOMEN

(a) SOFT TISSUE

Identify pancreas. What are the relations?

What is a hernia? What are the sites of abdominal hernia? What is the
anatomical basis for inguinal hernia? What is the basis for umbilical
and Para umbilical herniae?
What layers are repaired in inguinal herniotomy?
Anterior abdominal wall – defects
Pancreas – relations, embryology
Porta hepatis
Ligamentum teres
Celiac trunk
Sigmoid colon and rectum
Peritoneal attachments
Vagus in neck and thorax
Selective and highly selective vagotomy
IVC
Aorta
Anatomy of inguinal canal
Spermatic cord
Layers of scrotum
Ureter
Genitofemoral nerve
Pancreas – structure in the transpyloric plane
Portocaval anastomosis
Relations of fundus of gall bladder
Callot’s triangle
What is the triangle, which is bounded by cystic artery?
Transverse line of abdomen
Liver- attachments
Surface anatomy of gall bladder and spleen
Hepatic artery, splenic artery and branches
What are the coverings of kidney?

(b) BONES

Lumbar vertebra (L5) identification what is attached to the tip of

transverse process?

4. PELVIS

(a) SOFT TISSUES

What are the relations of prostate, tell their significance.

Tell the blood supply of bladder.
Male pelvis-different organs identify seminal vesicles, prostatic venous
plexus, and vertebral venous plexus.
Hemorrhoids
Cross section of pelvic region –
Lymph drainage of rectum, anal canal
What is colpotomy?
Uterus, cervix
Fornices, clinical significance
Perineal membrane
Identify uterus, Pouch of Douglas. What is the importance?
Describe the prostatic urethra.
Describe the prostate gland and histology.
Identify pudendal nerve. How to give pudendal block?
Blood supply of rectum

(b) BONES

Female pelvis
Differences between male and female pelvis

5. UPPER LIMB

(a) SOFT TISSUES

What are the muscles supplied by ulna nerve?

What is ulna paradox?
How do you assess for radial nerve recovery?
Hand tendons, muscles, and anatomical snuffbox
Axilla – walls, lymph nodes, clinical importance
Extensor compartment of the hand – extensor retinaculum
Anatomical snuffbox – content, borders
Movements of snuffbox muscles
Pectoralis major – nerve supply and insertion
Psoas major
Biceps – origin/insertion
Brachial plexus injuries
Ulnar nerve injuries
What are the boundaries and contents of axilla?

(b) BONES

What are the nerve relations to humerus? Surgical neck, what is the
nerve? What is the supply?
How do you diagnose nerve injuries related to fractures of different
sites?
Humerus – side determination, surgical and anatomical neck, muscle
attachments,
Diagnosis of # elbow between humeral condyles and olecranon
processes
Attachments of flexor retinaculum in living body (identify)
Structures passing through and above the flexor retinaculum
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Muscle attachments of index finger
What is the deformity caused by # of extensor digitorum tendon?
Identification of humerus and muscle attachments
What are the joints between radius and ulna?
Tell about carpal tunnel
Where does the ulnar nerve leave?
Shoulder joint

6. LOWER LIMB

(a) SOFT TISSUES

Thigh- femur, adductor canal, femoral artery

Calf muscle pump
Popleteal fossa – boundries, common peroneal nerve
Femoral nerve

(b) BONES

What are the capsular attachments of femur?

Knee joint
Sex differences of femur
Blood supply and # of head of femur
Femur-blood supply
How do you check for rupture of crucified ligament of knee joint?

EMBRYOLOGY

What are the contents of umbilical cord?

Placenta
Embryology of aorta
Embryology of urogenital sinus
Embryology of organogenesis, ASD
What are bilaminar/ trilamnar discs? (embryo)
Embryology of aorta

OTHER

What are venous plexus? Give examples.

Classify joints of the body
Types of bones
Conus medullaris
Where do you get stratified squamous epithelium?
What is the difference between epithelium of esophagus and skin?
What are venous plexus? What are the differences between plexus and
veins?
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