Acquaintance

With The
Microbial World
Group 1: Sarroza, Jezzy Ann F.
Valdez, Veronica
Lescano, Tristien
Vergara, Renalyn C.

Submitted to: Miss Kitty Dimaculangan

Performed in: February 07, 2019
Submitted in: February 14, 2019
OBJECTIVES:
1. To identify and classify some members of the microbial world.
2. To review the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
3. To draw and label the morphological features of the microorganisms.
MATERIALS:
●Compound microscopes
●Immersion oil
●Colored pencils
●Pictures of viruses
●Pictures of archaebacteria
Prepared slides of bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoans:
Bacteria:
- Bacteria Mixed Smear
- Spirulina
- Coccus
- Clostridium
- Bacillus Subtilis
- Rhizobium Nitrogen-Fixing
- Oscillatoria
- Spirulina
Fungi
- Yeast Budding
- Penicillium
- Rhizopus sporangia
- Aspergillus
Algae
- Laminaria
- Chlorella
- Volvox
- Diatoms mixed marine form
- Spirogyra vegetative
- Polysiphonia antheridia
Protozoans
- Euglena
- Paramecium Plain
- Didinium
METHODOLOGY:
1. A set of slides containing the specimen that is to be observed was secured.
2. The microscope was then set as a pre-preparation for the observation. It was
first set to LPO.
3. Each slide containing the specimen was placed at the microscope. First is
LPO and once observed it was shifted to HPO. IOI was also viewed for
bacteria and yeast.
4. The observation was recorded. The following specimen was identified using
the scientific name, common name, total magnification, identification whether
prokaryotic or eukaryotic, and classification of the organism.

DATA AND RESULTS:

Microscope used- Compound Microscope
Total Magnification- LPO: 10x (eyepiece) times 10x (Objective) = 100x total mag.
HPO: 10x (eyepiece) times 40x (Objective) = 400x total mag.
Disclaimer: All OIO images came from different sources in websites and did not came from the
experiment itself.

Bacteria

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Bacteria Mixed Smear
(Slide containing several types of bacteria).
 Both consist – Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
Domain – Bacteria

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Hay Bacilus / Grass Bacilus
Scientific name: Bacillus Subtilis
Prokaryotic
Domain - Bacteria
Kingdom of True Bacteria

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Scientific name: Rhizobium Leguminosarum
Prokaryotic
Domain - Bacteria
Kingdom of True Bacteria
 LPO HPO OIO
Common name: Cyanobacteria
Scientific name: Oscillatoria
Prokaryotic
Domain - Bacteria
Kingdom of True Bacteria

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Spirulina
Scientific name: Arthrospira
Prokaryotic
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom of True Bacteria
LPO HPO OIO
Scientific & Common name: Coccus
Prokaryotic
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom of True Bacteria

LPO HPO OIO

Scientific & Common name: Clostridium
Prokaryotic
Domain - Bacteria
Kingdom of Eubacteria
Fungi

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Yeast Budding
Scientific name: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Fungus

LPO HPO OIO

Common name: Penicillium (used in manufacturing Penicilin)
Scientific name: Penicillium Chrysogenum
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Fungus
 LPO HPO
Common name: Type of Mold
Scientific name: Rhizopus Sporangia
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Fungus

LPO HPO
Common name: Type of Mold
Scientific name: Aspergillus
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Fungus

Algae
 LPO HPO
Common name: Kelp
Scientific name: Laminaria Saccharina
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Plantae

LPO HPO
Common name: Water silk; Mermaid’s Tresses; Blanket Weed
Scientific name: Spirogyra Vegetative
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Plantae
LPO HPO
Common name: Green Algae
Scientific name: Chlorella Vulgaris
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Plantae

LPO HPO
Common name: Globe Algae
Scientific name: Volvox Tertius
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Plantae
 HPO
Common name: Red Algae
Scientific name: Polysiphonia Antheridia
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Protista

LPO HPO
Common name: Diatoms
Scientific name: Bacillariophyceae
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Protista
Protozoans

LPO HPO
Common name: Euglena
Scientific name: Euglena Gracilis
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Protista

LPO HPO
Common name: Didinium
Scientific name: Didinium
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Protista
 LPO HPO
Common name: Paramecium
Scientific name: Paramecium Caudatum
Eukaryotic
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom of Protista

CONCLUSION:
The experiment enables the students to identify and classify some of the
microorganism in the microbial world, through this the different features and
classification was observed for the betterment in identifying and understanding the
specimens that are seen under the microscope. The identification of the prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells was also established during the experiment through observation
method and addresses its differences with one another. In addition, the importance of
the common and scientific names was addressed since it was believed that it helps the
high-scaled scientist to understand each other easily. Lastly, since the observation was
used, it allows the students to be able to draw and label the morphological features of
the microorganisms.
POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS:
1. Construct a concept map or a dichotomous key of the different kinds of
microorganism based on the following parameters: relative size, unicellular or
multicellular, presence or absence of nucleus, reproduction, motility, observable
features.

2. Why are molds so widespread in nature?

Molds are so wide spread, because they spread their spawn using spores and because
molds are so light, they are easily transferred from place to place. They can grow
excellent in a wet damp place and there are many of them in nature.
3. How do protozoans move?
Protozoans are into three groups in moving the ciliates, amoebae and flagellates.
Ciliates move using their tiny cilia having a beating motion, while flagellates move
through water using flagella as oars and paddles and the amoeba, they crawl along
surfaces by extending parts of their cells.
4. Cite some economic significance of algae.
The economic significance of algae is they provide food and energy to the animal life.
Algae keeps the water habitable for fish by absorbing the carbon dioxide from it and
enriching water with oxygen through photosynthetic activity. Microscopic algae are the
source of oxygen for earth.
5. What is the purpose of oil in the oil immersion objective?
The purpose of oil in the oil immersion it helps increase the resolving power of a
microscope. This works immersing both the objective lens and the specimen in a
transparent oil of high refractive index because of that its increases the numerical
aperture of the objective lens.
6. Indicate the function/s of each of the following parts of the cell by filling out the table
below:
CELL PART FUNCTION/S
Nucleus Houses DNA molecules and proteins in creating
chromosomes
Nucleolus Makes ribosomal subunits called RNA
Cell Membrane To protect the cell from its surroundings and regulates the
substances from coming inside and outside of the cell
Cell Wall Gives the plant cell strength and structure & filters the
molecules that passes through in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria Produces the energy currency of the cell called ATP
Ribosomes Makes the proteins that the cell needed
Endoplasmic Reticulum Acts as the manufacturing and packaging system of the
cell
Golgi Apparatus Modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion
Lysosome Acts as the digestive system of the cell; suicide bag
Centrioles To help cell division in animal cells
Vacuoles Acts as the water tank of the cells
Cilia Facilitates the movements outside of the cell
Flagella Whip-like structure that facilitates the movement of the
cells
Pseudopodia Locomotion and capturing the prey and eat it. This process
called as “Phagocytosis Pseudopodia”
Cytoskeleton Gives the cell shape and framework
Fimbriae Facilitates the movement of the egg cell from ovaries to
uterus.
Capsule considered a virulence factor because it enhances the
ability of bacteria to cause disease

7. Differentiate the various medically important organisms by filling out each box with
the corresponding description.
Characteristics Bacteria Archaebact Fungi Protozoa Algae Viruses
eria
Type of Nucleus Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Outer Covering Made of Cell wall is Cell wall is They lack Cell wall is Capsid as its
peptidoglycan made up of made up of cell wall made up of protein cell
glycoprotein chitin glycoprotein
s and s and
polysacchari polysacchari
 de de
Nucleic Acid DNA and RNA DNA only DNA and RNA only DNA and most viruses
Present is present RNA is RNA have both
present DNA and
RNA
Ribosome present Present Present Present Present Absent
Mitochondria No No With With With With
mitochondria mitochondria mitochondria mitochondria mitochondria mitochondria
Types of Asexual Asexual Asexual Asexual Asexual Asexual
Reproduction reproduction reproduction reproduction reproduction reproduction reproduction

SOURCES:
1. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/492933121686172700/?lp=true
2. https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/601643/view/clostridium-botulinum
3. http://web.cn.edu/stkarr/gramstai.htm
4. http://mycota-crcc.mnhn.fr/site/specie.php?idE=106
5. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/410812797246563434/?autologin=true
6. https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/10904/view/colony-of-bacillus-subtilis-
bacteria
7. http://s-stempaulcattelino.blogspot.com/2015/06/summer-session-new-course-of-
action_25.html
8. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/27936460160306003/
9.