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Fire water design

Table of contents
Page

1.  Introduction ................................................................................................................ 2 

1.1.  Project Safety Philosophy .............................................................................................................2 

2.  Applicable Codes and Standards ............................................................................... 2 

3.  Terms and Definitions ................................................................................................ 2 
4.  Reference Documents ............................................................................................... 3 
5.  Methodology............................................................................................................... 4 
6.  Identification of Fire Hazard Areas ............................................................................. 4 
6.1.  List of FHAs...................................................................................................................................5 
6.2.  Hazardous materials in FHAs .......................................................................................................7 
6.3.  Leak Spill, Fire and Explosion Hazards In Fhas .........................................................................11 
6.3.1.  Spills ............................................................................................................................11 
6.3.2.  Ignited clouds ..............................................................................................................11 

7.  Spill, gas and fire detection, control and mitigation .................................................. 15 
7.1.  Detection of Incidents .................................................................................................................15 
7.2.  Types of control and mitigation measures ..................................................................................15 
7.3.  Fire protection systems for each FHA ........................................................................................18 

8.  Firewater demand evaluation ................................................................................... 28 

8.1.  Firewater demand by protection package...................................................................................28 
8.2.  Maximum firewater demand........................................................................................................31 
8.3.  Recommended capacity and relevant arrangement for firewater pumps...................................33 
8.4.  Firewater distribution network .....................................................................................................33 
8.5.  Firewater storage ........................................................................................................................34 

9.  Other spill, fire and explosion considerations ........................................................... 34 

9.1.  Firewater demand evaluation......................................................................................................34 
9.2.  Firewater redundancy .................................................................................................................34 
9.3.  Alarm signals...............................................................................................................................34 
9.4.  Emergency response ..................................................................................................................34 

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1. Introduction
The purpose of this specification is to define the overall approach for control and
mitigation of leak spill, fire and explosion in the MUNDRA LNG Terminal.
Based on a preliminary analysis of potential fire and explosion hazards, the fire and
explosion safety systems to be put in place for the terminal are selected. They constitute
the minimum requirements on basis of which CONTRACTOR shall develop the design
and implementation of the active protection of the Terminal.

This specification is to be used together with the other project documents and data as
attached to the FEED report.
The terms and definitions used in this specification are in accordance with the terms and
definitions defined for the project.

1.1. Project Safety Philosophy

High level objectives for spill, gas, fire and explosion safety measures are described in the
document “Safety Philosophy” for the Project. The risk based approach of the Safety
Philosophy shall be used to support decisions on fire protection design.

2. Applicable Codes and Standards

The CONTRACTOR shall refer to the project document “Applicable Codes and
Standards”.
It is CONTRACTOR responsibility to fully comply with the local regulations.
The CONTRACTOR is therefore requested to carefully review the documents with
regard to the regulations.
In case of discrepancies or conflict between the national and international codes &
standards, the CONTRACTOR shall apply the most stringent requirement but will
maintain consistency and homogeneity in its supply or works.
In case of doubt, the CONTRACTOR shall ask the confirmation of the ENGINEER.
Current editions of the codes and standards, including all mandatory addenda in effect at
the time of the contract award, shall apply unless otherwise indicated.

3. Terms and Definitions

The following terms are used in this document:

Detection Zone DZ an area or system for which fire and gas detection devices
are considered as a group

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Fire Hazard Area FHA
Fire Hazard Zone FHZ
Potential Source PSF
of Fire
Potential Source PSL
of Leak
an area of the plant where flammable fluid or combustible
material are processed or stored and where other fires
(electrical fire, etc.) can not be excluded
The extent around a PSL for gas fires and dimensions of
pool fires where main structures benefit from fireproofing
Related to PSL
Piping and equipment where the likelihood of a spill is
more credible (flanges, valves, etc.)

The Fire Hazard Area is a convenient concept for analysis of fire hazards and fire
protection systems.

Detection Zones are an aid to engineering of detection systems. Any fire detection zone
can be considered as being inside an FHA.

4. Reference Documents
All project documents, codes and standards are applicable, among others:

Document Number

HAZID Report MUNDRA2/4NT/9990002/000

Preliminary HAZOP MUNDRA2/4NT/9990003/000

Hazard Identification Table MUNDRA2/4NT/9990004/000

Fire Protection Description MUNDRA2/4NT/9990007/000

List of Safety Equipment MUNDRA2/4NT/9990014/000

Fire truck and 1st Aid Pickup MUNDRA2/4NT/9990012/000

Specification

Emergency Shutdown Philosophy MUNDRA1/4NT/0010011/000

Fire, Spill and Gas Detection MUNDRA2/4NT/9990006/000

Philosophy

Hazardous Area Classification and MUNDRA1/4NG/9970002/000

Choice of Electrical Material

Drawings:

Drawing Number

Fire Protection Layout MUNDRA2/504/9990007/000

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Drawing Number

Fire, Spill and Gas Detection MUNDRA2/504/9990008/000

Layout

Safety Exclusion Zones MUNDRA2/504/9990009/000

Hazardous Area Classification – MUNDRA2/571/9970014/000

General Lay-out

Escape, evacuation and rescue MUNDRA2/504/9990010/000

drawings

5. Methodology
In carrying out the hazard identification and analysis, the following basic steps are
followed:

1) Divide the plant into Fire Hazard Areas (FHAs);

2) For each FHA, identify hazardous materials;

3) Identify classes of incident such as spill, fire of different types, possible explosion
Hazard;

4) Identify suitable spill, gas and fire protection systems and allocate foam or dry
chemical skids and other Fire Protection items (hydrants, monitors);

5) Assess firewater flowrate for each item;

6) Assess for each FHA which skids or other items are expected to operate;

7) Sum firewater demands for each FHA. Add an allowance of 100 l/s (360 m³/hr)
for each FHA demand as requested by design code EN-1473.

These inputs will be used for the design of the Firewater supply system.

This methodology is based on the hazards that are normally encountered for an LNG
regasification terminal. Refer to the Hazard Identification Table.

6. Identification of Fire Hazard Areas

This section identifies areas of the plant to be considered in evaluating overall hazards of
gas, fire and explosion. These are termed Fire Hazard Areas (FHAs). Leak spill, gas, fire
and explosion hazards considered credible in each area are identified, based on qualitative
assessment. A credible event is defined as any event that is to be considered as part of the
“restricted area” principles, that is of a probability higher or equal to 10-4.

The identification of hazards provides background to the selection of engineered systems

for control and mitigation.

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6.1. List of FHAs

The following FHAs have been identified for the MUNDRA LNG Terminal, it is
CONTRACTOR responsibility to review and update, if deemed appropriate, the FHA’s.
The list and description is presented in Table 1.

Note 1: Due to plot arrangement, FHA-8 and FHA-9 are considered as a single fire hazard
zone regarding fire protection

Table 1 – List of Fire Hazard Areas

FHA
Description Comments
identifier
Includes Jetty Monitors Structure,
Unloading Arms Risers, Lower
FHA-1 Jetty Head
Platform Piping, Gangway and Jetty
K.O drum.
Ventilation intakes are treated as a
FHA-2 Jetty Monitoring Building separate Detection Zone for protection
against vapour cloud.
FHA-3 Truck loading area
Piperack LNG Tanks Area (low
FHA-4
pressure)
FHA-5 T 211 Tank Top Platforms Pump wells
FHA-6 T 221 Tank Top Platforms Pump wells
Including the major piping lines
FHA-7 General Tank T 211 Area (unloading, BOG, LNG from the LP
Pumps), valves nest.1
Including the major piping lines
FHA-8 General Tank T 221 Area (unloading, BOG, LNG from the LP
Pumps), valves nest. (see note 1)
FHA-9 T 212 Impounding Basin
Atmospheric relief valves from tank
T 211 PSV’s & Atmospheric providing ultimate overpressure
FHA-10
Vent protection. There is also a manually
controlled vent from tank.
Atmospheric relief valves from tank
T 221 PSV’s & Atmospheric providing ultimate overpressure
FHA-11
Vent protection. There is also a manually
controlled vent from tank.

1 Due to plot arrangement FHA-8 and FHA-9 are considered as a single fire hazard zone
regarding fire protection

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FHA
Description Comments
identifier
FHA-12 T102- Impounding basin
FHA-13 Power plant
FHA-14 BOC’s shelter and suction drum
FHA-15 Piperack HP send-out area
FHA-16 Flare KO drum and Drain Drum
FHA-17 Flare Piperack And Flare Stack
FHA-18 Absorber
FHA-19 HP pumps area
FHA-20 ORV’s area
Process Area Impounding
FHA-21
Basin
Underground line, from the ORV’s to
Natural Gas Send Out Header
FHA-22 the metering except HIPS system (see
to Metering
FHA-46)
FHA-23 Gas Metering Station
Emergency Duel Fuel
FHA-24 Diesel Fuel tank
Generator
Service water system, Service/Firewater
FHA-25 Utilities Tank and Pumps, Instrument Air
system, Nitrogen generation
Sea Water Intake
FHA-26
(Filtration + pumps)
FHA-27 Electro Chlorination Area
FHA-28 Fire Water Pumping Station
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-29
Basin (Outfall 1)
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-30
Basin (Outfall 2)
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-31
Basin (Outfall 3)
FHA-32 Administration Building
FHA-33 Warehouse and Workshop Including battery load room
Ventilation intakes are treated as a
FHA-34 Process Electrical Substation separate zone for detection of hazards.

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FHA
Description Comments
identifier
FHA-35 Main Electrical Substation
FHA-36 Transformer (main substation)
Transformer
FHA-37
(process substation)
Transformer
FHA-38
(sea water substation)
Ventilation intakes are treated as a
Seawater Intake Electrical
FHA-39 separate zone for detection of hazards.
Substation

FHA-40 Central Control Room

FHA-41 Laboratory
FHA-42 ISPS check point
Located in an open pit protected by
FHA-43 HIPS
reinforced gratings
6.2. Hazardous materials in FHAs
The FHAs identified in Table 1 were considered in order to identify the credible fire
hazardous materials and causing factors (e.g. electricity) in each area. The
evaluation was based on Process Flow Diagrams, General Terminal Plot Plant and
experience of LNG facilities.

As per the HAZID, the following chemicals are identified as potential cause for fire or
explosion (should there be a loss of containment). This covers any release due to the
opening of PSV’s as well. The fire/explosion hazard sources are:

1. LNG (including jetty head and trestle, LNG piperacks, top of tanks, absorber, HP
pumps, ORV inlet).

2. HP Natural Gas named HP gas (including ORV’s outlet, HP gas send-out header,
vacuum breaker gas to absorber and LNG tanks)

3. LP Natural Gas named LP Gas (including both BOG at a few hundred mbar and
medium pressure gas from the BOG Compressors).

4. Electricity

5. Diesel Fuel: It is not a flammable liquid based on flash point, but it can fuel a
severe fire and is therefore included in the assessments.

6. Lube oils will feature in areas with rotating equipment.

7. Some combustible and (possibly) flammable liquids and gas for running the
laboratory equipments despite quantities are expected to be small.

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8. Some combustible and (possibly) flammable liquids and gas (eg: acetylene) for
maintenance and painting that are likely to be used in workshop and warehouse
areas.

9. All fires due to maintenance activities (ignited chemical spills, hot works, etc.).
These are generic and apply to all FHA’s.

10. Paper and equivalent solid combustible materials (ie: cardboard, wood, furniture,
etc.) which is used mainly in offices and contributes to increase calorific value in
buildings.

In Table 2 are given the different kind of material expected to be handled in each FHA’s.

Table 2 – List of FHAs and the preliminary list of associated fire hazardous materials

High Pressure Gas

Other Fire sources

Low Pressure Gas

Hydraulic Oil –
(H2 – Diesel –
FHA Title Comments

Electrical

Solvents)
LNG

1 Jetty Head Y Y Y Hydraulic oil2, lube oil if any

2 Jetty Monitoring Building Y Y Paper
3 Truck loading Area Y Y
(including own
impounding)
4 Piperack LNG Tanks Area Y Y3
(low pressure)
5 T 211 Tank Top Platforms Y Y
6 T 221 Tank Top Platforms Y Y
7 General Tank T 211 Area Y Y
8 General Tank T 221 Area Y Y
9 T 212 Impounding Basin Y Y
10 T 211 Atmospheric Vent Y
& PSV
11 T 221 Atmospheric Vent Y
& PSV
12 T-102 Impounding Basin Y Y

2 Hydraulic oil is specified as non combustible

3 Including a small section of high pressure pipe

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High Pressure Gas

Other Fire sources

Low Pressure Gas

Hydraulic Oil –
(H2 – Diesel –
FHA Title Comments

Electrical

Solvents)
LNG
13 Power plant Y
14 BOC’s Shelter and suction Y Y Y Y Lube oil
drum
Piperack HP send-out area
15 Y Y Y
Flare KO drum and Drain
16 Drum Y Y

Flare Piperack And Flare

17 Stack Y Y Y Propane bottles

Absorber
18 Y Y Y
HP pumps area
19 Y Y Y Y
ORV’s area
20 Y Y
T-401 Process Area
21 Impounding Basin Y Y

Natural Gas Send Out from the ORV’s to Terminal

22 Header to Metering Y
B/L, except HIPS
Gas Metering Station
23 Y
Emergency Duel Fuel
24 Generator Y Y Diesel Oil, lube oil

Utilities
25 Y Y Lube oil
26 Sea Water Intake Y Y Lube oil
27 Electro Chlorination Area Y Y H2
Fire Water Pumping
28 Station Y Y Diesel Oil, lube oil

Oil Separator &

Sedimentation Basin
29 Y Waste oil, hydrocarbons
(Outfall 1)

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High Pressure Gas

Other Fire sources

Low Pressure Gas

Hydraulic Oil –
(H2 – Diesel –
FHA Title Comments

Electrical

Solvents)
LNG
Oil Separator &
Sedimentation Basin
30 Y Waste oil, hydrocarbons
(Outfall 2)

Oil Separator &

Sedimentation Basin
31 Y Waste oil, hydrocarbons
(Outfall 3)

Administration Building electricity, propane tank if

32 Y Y Y
any for Kitchen, paper, …
Diesel oil, lube oil, minor
flammable liquids & gas
Warehouse and Workshop (paints, solvents) and
33 Y Y
chemicals,
Paper, H2 from battery load
Process Electrical
34 Substation Y Y Paper

35 Main Electrical Substation Y Y Paper

Transformer (main
36
substation) Y Y Oil

Transformer (process
37
substation) Y Y Oil

Transformer (sea water

38
substation) Y Y Oil

Seawater Intake Electrical

39
Substation Y Y Paper

40 Central Control Room Y Y Paper, Kitchen

minor flammable liquids
41 Laboratory (paints, solvents) &
Y Y
chemicals, lab gas bottles,
paper
42 ISPS check point Y Y paper

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High Pressure Gas

Other Fire sources

Low Pressure Gas

Hydraulic Oil –
(H2 – Diesel –
FHA Title Comments

Electrical

Solvents)
LNG
43 HIPS Y

6.3. Leak Spill, Fire and Explosion Hazards In Fhas

A list of foreseeable hazards is developed in the following sub-sections:

6.3.1. Spills

Areas of the plant where LNG could spill, are paved and arranged to drain LNG to
impounding basins. LNG spillage can lead to a pool which can ignite and burn.

A release of LNG can lead to a running fire, a pool fire if there is potential for
accumulation in a pool, or a jet fire if the release is at high pressure.

Jet fire can occur in case of pressurized gas release, send-out gas or pipeline gas.

In addition, other spill hazards might be encountered for chemicals such as lube oil,
transformer oil , diesel oil and chemicals stored/used in workshop, laboratory. Effects are
different from the characteristics of the chemicals. These are introduced below:

- For flammable liquids such as oils and diesel, loss of containment would lead to a
pool. Ignition would lead to a pool fire.

- Flammable liquids that could be used in laboratory should be of low quantities (eg: 5
litres each). Any loss of containment would lead to a localised spill, ignited or not.
Should it be, local fire might occur with potential for extension

- Toxic liquids that could be used in the laboratory should be of low quantities
(expected to be less than 5 litres each). Any loss of containment would lead to a
localised spill that will be controlled via spill kits or other retention means.

- Other hazardous liquids (hazardous for the environment, etc.) that could be used in the
laboratory would lead to localised spills as they should be packaged in small
containers.

- Hazardous gases (inert gas such as N2) that could be used for laboratory purpose
should be stored under cylinders. Loss of containment would lead to a release to the
atmosphere thus creating a life threatening hazard for nitrogen and others for specific
hazard characteristics.

6.3.2. Ignited clouds

If a flammable gas leak leads to the formation of a gas cloud, ignition can result in a flash
fire that propagates through the natural-gas / air mixture. Overpressure (explosion) from

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such a flash fire arises only if there is a considerable degree of confinement (for example
within a closed space), or where there is congestion. Confinement prevents free venting of
combustion products. Congestion leads to extra turbulence in a flame propagating through
pipe work and equipment, which increases the overpressure.

The entries in the column headed Flash Fire/Overpressure are accordingly shown as P-A
meaning “Possible flash fire – assess overpressure” or P where it is considered that there
is no justification for assessing possible overpressure. Many of the areas where a cloud
could develop are completely open, naturally ventilated and relatively un-congested. Only
those where there is a degree of confinement or significant congestion of pipe work
warrant an assessment of possible overpressure (> 50 mbar as per EN1160).

Table 3 - Type of fire and explosion sources in FHAs

Electrical Fire
Overpressure

Other Fires
Flash Fire/

FHA Title Pool Fire Comments

Jet Fire
Spill

Minor LNG spills quickly

FHA-1 Jetty Head Y P-A Y
vaporized
Jetty Monitoring
FHA-2 Y Y Paper, lube oil
Building
Truck loading area
LNG spills collected away to
FHA-3 (including own Y P Y
impounding
impounding)
Mainly welded pipes; LNG
Piperack LNG Tanks
FHA-4 Y P Y spills collected away to
Area (low pressure)
impounding
LNG spills collected away to
T-211 Tank Top
FHA-5 Y P Y impounding through
Platforms
downcomers
LNG spills collected away to
T-221 Tank Top
FHA-6 Y P Y impounding through
Platforms
downcomers
LNG spills collected away to
General Tank T 211
FHA-7 Y P Y impounding
Area
LNG spills collected away to
General Tank T 221
FHA-8 Y P Y impounding
Area
T 212 Impounding
FHA-9 Y P Y
Basin

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Electrical Fire
Overpressure

Other Fires
Flash Fire/

Pool Fire
FHA Title Comments

Jet Fire
Spill
T 211 PSV’s &
FHA-10 P Y
Atmospheric Vent
T 221 PSV’s &
FHA-11 P Y
Atmospheric Vent
T-102 Impounding
FHA-12 Y Y
basin
FHA-13 Power plant P Y
BOC’s Shelter and LNG spills collected away to
FHA-14 Y P-A Y
suction drum impounding
Mainly welded pipes; LNG
Piperack HP send-out
FHA-15 Y P Y spills collected away to
area
impounding
Flare KO drum and
FHA-16 Y P Y Y Drain drum installed in a pit.
Drain Drum
Flare Piperack And Mainly welded low pressure
FHA-17 Y P Y
Flare Stack piping
LNG spills collected away to
FHA-18 Absorber Y P Y
impounding.
LNG spills collected away to
FHA-19 HP pumps area Y P Y Y impounding. Pumps installed
in pits
FHA-20 ORV’s area Y P-A Y Confined area inside vaporiser
T-401 Process Area
FHA-21 Y Y
Impounding basin
Natural Gas Send Out Mainly underground line,
FHA-22 P Y
Header to Metering except HIPS in pit.
FHA-23 Gas Metering Station
Emergency Duel Fuel
FHA-24 Y Y Y Diesel Oil
Generator
Lube Oil, Diesel Oil
FHA-25 Utilities Y Y

FHA-26 Sea Water Intake Y Lube oil

Electro Chlorination
FHA-27 Y Y Hydrogen
Area

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Electrical Fire
Overpressure

Other Fires
Flash Fire/

Pool Fire
FHA Title Comments

Jet Fire
Spill
Fire Water Pumping
FHA-28 Y Y Y Diesel Oil
Station
Oil Separator &
FHA-29 Sedimentation Basin Y Y Waste Oil (small quantities)
(Outfall 1)
Oil Separator &
FHA-30 Sedimentation Basin Y Y Waste Oil (small quantities)
(Outfall 2)
Oil Separator &
FHA-31 Sedimentation Basin Y Y Waste Oil (small quantities)
(Outfall 3)
Administration
FHA-32 Y Y Paper, kitchen
Building
Warehouse and Small quantities of Solvents,
FHA-33 Y Y
Workshop Lubricants, Chemicals, Paper
Process Electrical Paper
FHA-34 P Y Y
Substation Explosion following a flash
Main Electrical Paper
FHA-35 P Y Y
Substation Explosion following a flash
Transformer (main Oil
FHA-36 Y P Y Y Y
substation) Explosion following a flash
Oil
Transformer (process
FHA-37 Y P Y Y Y
substation) Explosion following a flash

Oil
Transformer (sea
FHA-38 Y P Y Y Y
water substation) Explosion following a flash

Seawater Intake
FHA-39 P Y Y Paper
Electrical Substation
Central Control
FHA-40 Y Y Paper, Kitchen
Room
Chemicals, solvents, gas
FHA-41 Laboratory Y* Y Y
bottles (* if any)
FHA-42 ISPS check point Y Y Paper
FHA-43 HIPS P Y

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7. Spill, gas and fire detection, control and mitigation

7.1. Detection of Incidents
The types of incident that were identified need to be detected reliably and in a timely
manner. Selection of devices and systems for this purpose is covered in documents “Fire,
Spill and Gas Detection specification” and Fire, Spill and Gas Detection Layouts.

7.2. Types of control and mitigation measures

The types and the lists of the spill mitigation and fire protection systems considered for
the MUNDRA Terminal are indicated in Table 4.

The system and equipment types are separated into:

a) packages that can function remotely such as water spray, high expansion foam or dry
chemical package; pre-set oscillating and remote operated monitors;

b) equipment used for emergency interventions on site such as monitors, hydrants, dry
chemical or other extinguishers and spill kits. They are manually handled

Table 4 - Spill and Fire Protection Mitigation Equipment

Type of system Comments on application

Water spray deluge Outdoors firewater spray exposure protection shall be provided
system specifically in the following areas:

(SP) z Jetty K.O. drum

z LNG lines on jetty head
z One at each unloading arms riser
z Jetty corner, close to the arms
z The gangways and remote operated monitors support structure
z Jetty monitoring building (exposed sides and roof) and its exit
way to the gangway (if not properly protected by structures)
z Sea water intake
z BOG compressor shelter and drum
z Absorber vessel and support structure (if structural steel).
z Top of tanks
z Transformers (oil type), then water mist (conductivity hazard)
z Other locations where obstructions would impair the
effectiveness of firewater monitors
z LNG Tank roof and shell (as per OISD 194 Clause 8.5.1)

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Type of system Comments on application

Water Curtain The purpose of water curtain is to reduce vapour concentration

and to limit radiant heat in case of fire by providing an uniform
(WC) distribution of large quantity of water.
Water curtain shall be provided at least:
z between ship and jetty berth line
Pre-set oscillating and Pre-set oscillating monitors can be set up to provide coverage of
remote operated desired equipment or volumes. Operators should be able to
monitors override the oscillation during an incident.
Jetty head
(WM & RM)
Two elevated and remote operated monitors and one preset
oscillating monitor on lower deck level shall be provided to
protect the Jetty KO drum and surrounding pipes.
On plot Terminal
Preset oscillating monitors shall be provided in the following
areas:
• storage tanks area (to cover tanks valve nests)
• Compressors area
• HP pumps area
• ORV’s area
• Power plant
Final location, additional items and type of monitors shall be
finalised by CONTRACTOR during detailed engineering.
Monitor(s) mounted on tower could be required in the HP
process area in order to cover all equipment to be protected.
High expansion foam High expansion foam systems shall be provided for impounding
(HE) basins where a large spill of LNG could collect and impact the
surroundings i.e.:
• T 212 Impounding Basin
• T 102 Impounding Basin
• T-401 Process Area Impounding Basin
• Process Area Impounding Basin (extension)
• Truck loading Area Impounding Basin

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Type of system Comments on application

Low expansion foam Low expansion foam system shall be provided for fire protection
(LE) of diesel fuel, lube oil and waste oil.
The Low expansion foam shall be provided by means of
portable/mobile foam extinguishers. These have to be located in
the vicinity of the equipment.
Number and capacity as well as proper location to be finalised by
CONTRACTOR during detailed engineering.
Dry chemical powder Dry chemical systems are the only efficient systems for
systems (DC) extinguishing small LNG fires in the open air. They
extinguish the fire but they cannot ensure that it does not re-ignite.
Dry chemical monitors offer a high flow rate and enable trained
operators to tackle a fire as efficiently as possible.

Fixed systems can serve either fixed spray nozzles or hose reels or
also monitors set to a pre-determined direction depending on the
accessibility to operators for fire fighting.

EPC CONTRACTOR to confirm use of fixed dry powder or

nitrogen snuffing system for relief valves and emergency vents of
LNG storage tanks. There shall be two sets per item, all items
simultaneously operated thus allowing a second shot.

EPC CONTRACTOR to confirm use of either fixed dry powder

system or portable dry powder extinguishers located around
critical valves and manifolds throughout the process units. As a
minimum, the following shall be provided:

• on tanks top platform (2)

• on every impounding (3)
• on Jetty lower deck
• in power plant area
• in Electro chlorination area

Hose reel boxes to be located so that all parts of the area to be

protected can be reached. Refill back-up shall be provided by
means of the fire truck.

Portable or trolley mounted extinguishers shall be provided in the

process area for initial attack on small spill fires.
Proper location and additional units as well as the size of the
units shall be finalised by CONTRACTOR during detailed
engineering.

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Type of system Comments on application

Fire suppression Gaseous extinguishing systems can be applied for the spaces that
system contain instrument and electrical systems. The protection
(IN) philosophy is to be provided also for critical spaces which cannot
be readily accessed in the event of a fire.
Main switchgear cabinets shall be SF6 insulated.
Other electrical cabinets are assumed to be compartmented in
order to impede spark and fire propagation. If not, appropriate
fire protection shall be provided.
Automatic fixed INERGEN extinguishing system shall as a
minimum be provided to protect
• the cables cellars in electrical substations;
• the electrical and instrumentation room of the Jetty
building
• the cables cellar in Central Control Room
• FIR in electrical substations
Hydrants Hydrant coverage is required for most areas of the plant (jetty,
process, storage, utility areas and seawater intake) with a
maximum spacing of 60 metres between hydrants along the ring
main. For the jetty trestle, hydrants shall be alternatively
mounted onto the in/out section of the fire water ring except at
impounding basin location where two hydrants will be located,
one on each section.
Fire hydrants cabinets hose shall be located throughout the plant.
In process areas, one hose cabinet shall be provided for
two hydrants.
Internal hydrants and hose reel units shall be installed in buildings
other than electrical substation that are over 200 m² or are multi-
storey. They shall be installed close to exits and so that all
locations can be reached at least with two hose reels.
Hydrants must be equipped with 2 lateral outlets of 4”, for a flow-
rate of 120 m³/h.

7.3. Fire protection systems for each FHA

Appropriate fire protection systems have been identified for control and mitigation of spill
and fire hazards in each FHA. They are listed in Table 5.

No explosion mitigation equipment is identified in this report. Explosion suppression is

impractical for the scale of plant under consideration. Measures can be taken to reduce
potential explosion severity through layout and piping, if required, based on the
assessments of physical effects from incidents.

MUNDRA2/4NT/9990013/000W1
 19/43

To estimate the firewater demand for external spray system, the following water
application rates are used based on NFPA15 except otherwise specified:

Firewater application rate

LNG TANK AREA

LNG tanks valves nests 10.2 (l/min)/m2

LNG tanks – roof and shell 3 (l/min)/m2

PROCESS AREA

BOG compressor shelter and drum 20.4 (l/min)/m2

Absorber 10.2 (l/min)/m2

JETTY

Loading arm risers 12.2 (l/min)/m2

Lower platform piping 12.2 (l/min)/m2

K.O.drum 12.2 (l/min)/m2

Elevated monitor structure 4.1 (l/min)m2

Gangway 10.2 (l/min)m2

Water curtain Berth line (EN1473) 70.0 (l/min)/m

Jetty monitoring building 4.1 (l/min)/m2

OTHER AREAS

Transformer (lateral surface) 10.2 (l/min)/m2

Transformer (ground surface) 6.1 (l/min)/m2

The above application rate will be confirmed /revised during detailed design on the basis
of heat radiation assessments and applicable codes and standards.

MUNDRA2/4NT/9990013/000W1
20/43

MUNDRA2/4NT/9990013/000W1
 21/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
Deluge system means local protection for monitor
structure, gangway, lower piping platform, Jetty
FHA-1 Jetty Head K.O. drum, berthing line.
Y Y Y Y
Two remotely operated monitors 250 m³/hr to
protect front of jetty structure and pre-set monitor
150 m³/hr to protect the remaining area.
Jetty Monitoring Deluge system for building external cooling (walls
FHA-2 Building Y Y Y Y Y Y & roof)

Truck loading area

(including own
FHA-3 Y Y Y
impounding)

Piperack LNG Tanks

FHA-4 Area (low pressure) Y Y

T 211 Tank Top

Y DC package near pump wells
FHA-5 Platform & roof Y Y
 22/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
T 221 Tank Top Y
FHA-6 DC package near pump wells
Platform & roof Y Y

General Tank T 211

FHA-7 Y Monitors (150 m³/h).
Area & shell Y Y Y

General Tank T 221

FHA-8 Y Monitors (150 m³/h).
Area & shell Y Y Y

T 212 Impounding
FHA-9
Basin Y

T 211 PSV’s &

FHA-10 Fixed snuffing System will be provided at each
Atmospheric Vent Y
PSV and vent discharge.(two shots)
T 221 PSV’s & Fixed snuffing System will be provided at each
FHA-11 Atmospheric Vent Y
PSV and vent discharge. (two shots)
T102 Impounding
FHA-12
Basin Y

FHA-13 Power plant Y Y

 23/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
BOC’s Shelter and
FHA-14 suction drum Y Y

Piperack HP send-
FHA-15 out area Y

Flare KO drum and

FHA-16 Drain Drum Y Y Y See FHA-18

Flare Piperack And

FHA-17 Flare Stack Y

Absorber
FHA-18 Y Y Water spray for Vessel & Structure protection
HP pumps area
FHA-19 Y Y Y Monitors 150 m³/h
ORV’s area
FHA-20 Y Y Y Monitors 150 m³/h
T-401 Process Area
FHA-21 Impounding Basin Y

Natural Gas Send

FHA-22
Out Header to
 24/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
Metering

Gas Metering
FHA-23 Station Y Y

Emergency Diesel
FHA-24 Generator Y Y

Utilities
FHA-25 Y Y Hydrants
Sea Water Intake
FHA-26 Y Y Hydrants
Electro Chlorination
FHA-27 Area Y Y Y Hydrants

Fire Water Pumping

FHA-28 Station Y Y Y Hydrants

Oil Separator &

Sedimentation Basin
FHA-29 Y Y Hydrants
(Outfall 1)
 25/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
Oil Separator &
FHA-30 Sedimentation Basin Y Y Hydrants
(Outfall 2)
Oil Separator &
Sedimentation Basin
FHA-31 Y Y Hydrants
(Outfall 3)

Administration Portable CO2 extinguisher in administration

FHA-32 Building Y
building.
Warehouse and
FHA-33 Workshop Y Y Hydrants

Process Electrical INERGEN in cables cellar and field instrument

FHA-34 Substation Y Y
room (FIR).
Main Electrical
FHA-35 INERGEN in cables cellar, and field instrument
Substation Y Y
room (FIR).
Transformer (main
FHA-36
substation) Y Y
 26/

Water Curtain and external

Water spray Deluge system

Monitors Hydrants
FHA Title Comments

High Ex Foam

Low Ex Foam

Extinguishers
Clean Agent
water Spray

DC package
Transformer
FHA-37
(process substation) Y Y

Transformer (sea
FHA-38
water substation) Y Y

Seawater Intake
FHA-39 INERGEN in cables cellar, and field instrument
Electrical Substation Y Y
room (FIR).

Central Control INERGEN in cables cellar. Portable CO2

FHA-40
Room Y Y extinguisher in central control room on the basis
that it will be constantly attended.
FHA-41 Laboratory Y Fire hose reel
FHA-42 ISPS check point Y
FHA 43 HIPS Y Y DC skid near HIPS system pit.
27/
 28/

8. Firewater demand evaluation

8.1. Firewater demand by protection package
The firewater demand has been assessed for each fire protection skid based on the
assumptions outlined in Table 5 and water application rate listed in § 0.

Table 6 summarises the first evaluations of firewater demand by fire protection package
or skid. Skids that use dry chemical or clean agent have not been included. Contractor
shall revise the figures during detail engineering in function of final lay-out and targets to
be protected.

Table 6 - Firewater demand by protection package (without EN1473 allowance)

Estimated
Package description Protecting Tag firewater
demand (m³/hr)
Remotely operated
FHA-1 2 x 250
monitors Jetty Head
Water curtains (Berth
FHA-1 126
line 30 m)
Pre set monitor Jetty
FHA-1 150
Head
Spraying system
FHA-1 146
equipment
Cooling system Jetty
FHA-2 54
Monitoring building
HE Foam system
Truck loading FHA-3 40
Impounding Basin
T 211 Tank Top
FHA-5 275
Platform
T 221 Tank Top FHA-6
275
Platform
Monitor General
FHA-7 150
Tank T 211 Area
Monitor General
FHA-8 150
Tank T 221 Area
HE Foam system
Tank T 212 FHA-9 40
Impounding Basin
 29/

Estimated
Package description Protecting Tag firewater
demand (m³/hr)
HE Foam T102
FHA-12 40
Impounding Basin
Power plant FHA-13 150
Spraying system
BOC’s Shelter and FHA-14 574
suction drum
Globalized with
FHA-15 -
others
Flare KO drum and
FHA-16 150
Drain Drum
Spraying system
FHA-18 108
Absorber
Monitors HP pumps
FHA-19 2 x 150
area
Monitors ORV’s area FHA-20 3 x 150
T-401 Process Area
FHA-21 14
Impounding Basin
Sprinklers system
Transformers (main FHA-36 154
station)
Sprinklers system
Transformers FHA-37 74
(process substation)
Sprinklers system
Transformers FHA-38 74
seawater substation)

EPC CONTRACTOR to review estimated firewater demand to include for LNG tank roof
and shell water spray rates.

Based on the combinations of protection packages and manual fire fighting, total
firewater demands have been assessed by FHA. The manual fire fighting allowance
required by EN 1473 has been added to the assessment of which fire protection packages
will be used for each FHA (refer to table 7). A fire in one FHA at a time is evaluated, and
the provisions for use of monitors and hydrants is assumed to be adequate to prevent fire
spread to FHAs adjacent to the FHA where a fire originates. This assumption should be
checked and confirmed during detailed design.
 30/

Table 7 - Summarises the assessment including EN1473 allowance

Fire FW
Hazardous Description Demand Skids Manual
Area m³/hr
1366
FHA-1 Jetty Head
*see table 10

Incl. in
FHA-2 Jetty Monitoring Building
FHA-1
FHA-3 Truck loading area 400 40 360
Piperack LNG Tanks Area (low /
FHA-4
pressure)
FHA-5 T 211 Tank Top Platform 635 275 360
FHA-6 T 221 Tank Top Platform 635 275 /360
FHA-7 General Tank T-221 Area 510 150 360
FHA-8 General Tank T 221 Area 510 150 360
FHA-9 T 121 Impounding Basin 400 40 360
FHA-10 T 211 PSV’s & Atmospheric Vent / / /
FHA-11 T 221 PSV’s & Atmospheric Vent / / /
FHA-12 T102 Impounding Basin 400 40 360
FHA-13 Power plant 510 150 360
FHA-14 BOC’s Shelter and suction drum 934 574 360
FHA-15 Piperack HP send-out area / / /
FHA-16 Flare KO drum and Drain Drum 510 150 360
FHA-17 Flare Piperack And Flare Stack / / /
FHA-18 Absorber 468 108 360
FHA-19 HP pumps area 660 300 360
FHA-20 ORV’s area 810 450 360
T-401 Process Area Impounding
FHA-21 374 14 360
Basin
Natural Gas Send Out Header to
FHA-22 / / /
Metering
FHA-23 Gas Metering Station / / /
FHA-24 Emergency Duel Fuel Generator 360 / 360
FHA-25 Utilities 360 / 360
FHA-26 Sea Water Intake 360 / 360
FHA-27 Electro Chlorination Area 360 / 360
 31/

Fire FW
Hazardous Description Demand Skids Manual
Area m³/hr
FHA-28 Fire Water Pumping Station 360 / 360
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-29 360 / 360
Basin (Outfall 1)
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-30 360 / 360
Basin (Outfall 2)
Oil Separator & Sedimentation
FHA-31 360 / 360
Basin (Outfall 3)
FHA-32 Administration Building 360
FHA-33 Warehouse and Workshop 360
FHA-34 Process Electrical Substation 360 / 360
FHA-35 Main Electrical Substation 360 / 360
FHA-36 Transformer (main substation) 360 154 360
FHA-37 Transformer (process substation) 360 74 360
FHA-38 Transformer (sea water substation) 360 74 360
Seawater Intake Electrical
FHA-39 360 / 360
Substation
FHA-40 Control Building 360 / 360
FHA-41 Laboratory 360 / 360
FHA-42 ISPS check point / / /
FHA-43 HIPS 360 / 360

8.2. Maximum firewater demand

From the above figures, three main fire scenarios are identified:

z Boil-Off Gas Compressors area

z ORV Process area

z Jetty Head area

z LNG Tank roof and shell

 32/

The maximum firewater demands for each scenario are shown in the following tables:

Table 8 – BOG Compressors area firewater demand

FHA DESCRIPTION Flowrate
m³/hr
FHA-14 Spraying system BOC’s Shelter and 574
suction drum

FHA-16 Monitor Flare KO drum and Drain 150

Drum

Additional allowance 360

Total 1084

Table 9 – ORV Process area firewater demand

FHA DESCRIPTION Flowrate
m³/hr
FHA-19 Monitors HP pumps area 450

Additional allowance 360

Total 810
 33/

Table 10 - Jetty Head area firewater demand

FHA DESCRIPTION Flowrate
m³/hr
FHA – 1 Two remotely operated monitors 500
FHA – 1 One Pre –set monitors 150
FHA – 1 Deluge system lower piping platform & 92
KO drum
FHA – 1 Water curtain jetty berth line 126
FHA – 1 Deluge system monitors structures, 84
gangway, unloading arms risers
FHA – 2 Deluge system for jetty monitoring 54
building
Additional allowance 360
Total 1366

8.3. Recommended capacity and relevant arrangement for firewater

pumps
Two sets of firewater pumps shall be provided:

z Main fire pumps consisting of two vertical centrifugal pumps each with a nominal rate
of 1500 m³/h, shall draw seawater from the firewater intake

z Auxiliary fire pumps consisting of two horizontal centrifugal pumps each with a
nominal rate of 750 m³/h shall draw soft water from the firewater/service water tank.

Two jockey pumps of each 30 m³/h capacity shall be provided to maintain the firewater
distribution system under pressure and compensate small leakages if any.

The design capacity estimated for the above pumping systems is preliminary and must be
verified/confirmed by the CONTRACTOR during detailed engineering.

8.4. Firewater distribution network

Refer to “Fire Protection Description” and “Fire Protection Layouts”
 34/

8.5. Firewater storage

A firewater/service water tank of 1 700 m³ capacity of which 1 500 m³ dedicated to fire
fighting shall be provided for initial fire fighting and regular fire tests.

Consequently the water supply time will be two (2) hours with one auxiliary pump in
operation. After that time and with low pressure signals still activated, the seawater pump
will start.

If the fire is a big one and requires a higher water flow rate than 750 m³/h, the pressure in
the system will not be guaranteed with only one pump and the second pump has to start.

9. Other spill, fire and explosion considerations

9.1. Firewater demand evaluation
Firewater demand evaluation shall be as a minimum based on the requirements of the
present fire protection design basis.

9.2. Firewater redundancy

Firewater redundancy is provided through two sets of pumping system (main and
auxiliary firewater pumps).

9.3. Alarm signals

This report does not evaluate provision of audible and visual alarms or other systems and
equipment for emergency communication. Locations and detailing of these should be
evaluated during detailed engineering based on the principles set out in document list
given §4.

9.4. Emergency response

This report does not evaluate requirements for response to any of the emergency
situations that are considered. The strategy includes early response by operators.

Requirements and facilities for public emergency services should be defined so that
layout and other engineering can be incorporated during detailed design.