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instance, we compare Strategy A1 and A2, A1 and A3, A1 and A4, until A4 and A5. (Note: You can
compare randomly, e.g. begin to compare between A3 and A5).
From the comparison, we see that the payoff at Strategy A5 dominated by Strategy A3 (red shaded
cells). This mean that all of the payoff of Strategy A5 always less than A3 (because PT Oioi will
always want higher gain): 40 less than 130, 1 less than 16, 49 less than 64, 25 equal with 25, and -
2 less than -2. (Note: You may see same payoff, but at most the payoff of one strategies will dominate
the others). Because Strategy A5 is dominated by A3, we can reduced for choosing A5 and now the
remain alternatives for PT Oioi are A1, A2, A3, and A4.
Then, Strategy A4 is dominated by Strategy A1 (orange shaded cells). Now, the remain alternatives
for PT Oioi are A1, A2, and A3.
Then, Strategy R1 is dominated by Strategy R2 (yellow shaded cells—because PT Universal will
always want lower loss): 70 greater than 55, 85 greater than 52, and 130 greater than 16 (the payoff
remain in this strategy only three because the payoff at row A4 and A5 have been deleted). Now,
the remain alternatives for PT Universal are R2, R3, R4, and R5.
Then Strategy A2 is dominated by Strategy A1 (green shaded cells). Now, the remain alternatives
for PT Oioi are A1 and A3.
Then, Strategy R4 and R5 simultaneously dominated by Strategy 2 (blue shaded cells). Now, the
remain alternatives for PT Universal are R2 and R3.
At the end, we only have 2 x 2 matrices for this game like shown below.
PT Universal
R2 R3
A1 55 46
PT Oioi
A3 16 64
So, PT Oioi will change their strategies become A1 or A3 because the game change from pure
strategy game become mixed strategy game. They will use Strategy A1 for 84% of the time and use
strategy A3 for 16% of the time (this value get from expected gain and loss method).
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1) Strategy 1 is dominated by Strategy 2 (red shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Tim
Pengacara Debitur are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
2) Strategy E is dominated by Strategy A (orange shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Bank
Terpercaya are A, B, C, D, F, G, and H.
3) Strategy 7 is dominated by Strategy 8 (yellow shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Tim
Pengacara Debitur are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8.
4) Strategy C and D are dominated by Strategy A (light green shaded cells). Now, the remain
strategies for Bank Terpercaya are A, B, F, G, and H.
5) Strategy 4 and 5 are dominated by Strategy 2 (blue shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for
Tim Pengacara Debitur are 2, 3, 6, and 8.
6) Strategy 6 is dominated by Strategy 8 (purple shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Tim
Pengacara Debitur are 2, 3, and 8.
7) Strategy F and G are dominated by Strategy A (grey shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies
for Bank Terpercaya are A, B, G, and H.
8) Strategy 2 is dominated by 3 (dark red shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Tim
Pengacara Debitur are 3 and 8.
9) Strategy H is dominated by A (green shaded cells). Now, the remain strategies for Bank
Terpercaya are A and B.
At the end, we only have 2 x 2 matrices for this game like shown below.
Tim Pengacara Debitur
3 8
Bank A 145 140
Terpercaya B -90 145
So, there is no equilibrium in this game because each players can use mixed strategies to respond
their opposite.
b. Bank Terpercaya will use Strategy A or B and Tim Pengacara Debitur will use Strategy 3 or 8.
To compute the percentage portion for using each strategy, we will use expected gain and loss
method. First, we will compute the expected gain for Bank Terpercaya. Bank Terpercaya arbitrarily
assumes that Tim Pengacara Debitur will select strategy 3. Given this condition, there is probability
of p that Bank Terpercaya will select Strategy A and a probability of 1 – p that Bank Terpercaya will
select Strategy B. Thus, if Tim Pengacara Debitur selects Strategy 3, the expected gain for Bank
Terpercaya is
145p + (-90)(1 – p) = 145p – 90 + 90p = 235p – 90
Next, Bank Terpercaya assumes that Tim Pengacara Debitur will select Strategy 8. Given Strategy
9, there is probability of p that Bank Terpercaya will select Strategy A and a probability of 1 – p that
Bank Terpercaya will select Strategy B. Thus, if Tim Pengacara Debitur selects Strategy 8, the
expected gain for Bank Terpercaya is
140p + 145(1 – p) = 140p + 145 – 145p = 145 – 5p
Thus, Bank Terpercaya is indifferent to whether Tim Pengacara Debitur selectes Strategy 3 or 8
(because Bank Terpercaya would develop a plan that would result in the same expected gain,
regardless of the strategy that Tim Pengacara Debitur selected), we equate the expected gain from
each of these strategies:
235p – 90 = 145 – 5p and p = 0.98
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So, the probability of using Strategy A or percentage of time Strategy A would be employed is 98%
and 2% for using Strategy B.
Now, repeat that process for Tim Pengacara Debitur to develop its mixed strategy by using similar
method. The result for Tim Pengacara Debitur is the probability of using Strategy 3 or percentage
of time Strategy 3 would be employed is 2% and 98% for using Strategy 8. (Notes: You may found
different percentage for each player for different game or problem).
c. The increasing cash flow of Bank Terpercaya can be computed using the payoff of either Strategy 3
or 8 because the gain will be the same regardless. Using the payoff from Strategy 3,
EG(Bank Terpercaya) = 0.98(145) + 0.02(-90) = 140.3 thousand rupiah of increasing cash flow.
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