49

SERVICE MODALS

PRACTICE Overview of Modals

FACTS ABOUT MODALS

f other verbs because they don't
LIST OF MODALS
can 1. Modals are differcnt ro1n . .
could takc an -s, -ed, 0 -in{J en( ;He cans
drive.) He can c1r1ve.
should th r verbs beeause we don't use
2. 1odals are different from o euse the base form.
wUl an infinitive after a modal. We
would Co1npare: H must leave.
He,vants to leave. e
may
3. To form the negative, put not after le modal.
mlgbt He should not drive.
• must 4. Some verbs are like modals in meaning: ha.ve to, be able to:
(have He can pay the rent = He is able to pay the
1.0) rent.
(be able 1.0)

WH- MODAL SHORT

WORD (+ MOD AL MAIN
NOT) SUBJECT (+ VERB COMPLEMENT ANSWER
NOT)

Mario should study English.

He shouldn' study literature.
t
Should he study grammar? Yes, he should .
Why should he study grammar?
Wby shouldn't he study literature?
Who study literature
should

Underline the modals in the sentences below.

EJERCISE 1

Example: You must be here by 9:00.

We shouldn't t.all< in class.

1. Doyou have to play the music so loud?
2. 1can write with my left hand.
3. I can understand French.
4. She might go tomorrow.
5. Wby would we do this now?
6. There should be a slgn somewhere.
7. We must turn left soon.

100 Practice 49
9. May we leave early today?
10. 1should take an aspirin.

l lRCISE 2 Unscramble thesewordsto write statements.

Example: drive / she / can't She can't drive.

l. he / pen / can / use / a
2. she / eat / her / should / di.nner
3. can't / they /swim
4. leave/ Gloria / apartment / might / her
5. he / come / on Friday / may
6. do/ it I you / could / inthe morning
7. you / taking I will / be / notes
8. wouldn't / me / Alan / the secret / tell
9. my / may / mother / be / there
10. you / listen / me / to / must

Unscramble these words to make questions.

EJERCISE 3
Example: drive ¡she/ can't
1. can / Spanish / you / speal<
2. will / he / us / meet / there
!3. should / l/ buy / one
4. you / talk / rnust / so loudly
5. could ¡r ¡water ¡ gJass / of / have / a
6. pass¡ me ¡would ¡you / the / please / butter
7. sing ¡ Marianne/ can
8. the concert / with / us /-llt I go I to
9. leave / a / shouldn't / we / tip
1O. a store ¡won't ¡ tllere / be / tllere

Practice 49 101

EXPLANATION

PRACTICE 50 Can and Should

CAN AND SHOULD
EXAMPLE Ability

l can dm-e. Possibility

Uyou gotodi. t stores.you can san> PermiSSi
moncy.
The sign sa)'S "Parldng on Weekdays Only.•You On
can

\ parlt ·Monday through Frida,y.

The negalh-e of can ls romwt (one word).The
L\NCUACE NOTE:
o: • GllCU<'CI is NJJI·1.
EXPLANATION
EXAMPLE
Advice
You tllloald try lt on before you buy it.
Warning
You tllloald DOl drink it.
L\NCUACE NOTE: The neplh'e orshouJd Is shmdd not. The
11 ICli«lll issltoMldn 'l
EJERCISE 1 Fill in each blank with can or can't to tell about your abilities.
Example: 1 play the piano.

speak two 6. play an instrument.

l.
languages. 7. ride a motorcycle.
2. ____________
run fast. 8. ride a bicycle.
3. _____________ S\\im.
use a computer. _________ write with my left
4._ __
10. hand.
sing opera.
5.___________ cook.

0
EJERCISE 2
.
Underline the modal and label the purpose f'or can, use ability, possi.bü ity, orperm¿ t eodal meach sentence.Warning, swn, should, use
advice or permission
Example: You can't chew guro inclass. permission

1.She canoperare heavy machinery.______________________________________________________

2.He should drive more carefully._______________________________________________________
3.You should slow down when drlving.___________________________________________________
4.You should never eat froma puncturedcan.______________________________________________
5.We can try U> work together._________________________________________________________
6. They can speak many lan.guages.:____________________________________________________
7. No one should walk inthe street.______________________________________________________

102 Practice 50
9. You should stop eating salt ______
10. You can get extra help on wenesday
11. We can come visit you next.week.

What should the person do of advice using should m heah of he foUowmg situations?
EXERCISE 3
Write a sentence

Example: He lost his wallet.

He should report lt to thepolice.
1.She is tíred.
2. He need mon=ey
3. She has a cold.
4 . Shewants a new dress.
5. His CD player is broken.
 EXERCISE 4 What warning would you give a person in each of the following situations?

Example: The car is too expensive.

1. The coffee is very hot.
2. The t.est is difficult.
3. The roads are covered with ice.
4. The neighborhood is dangerous.
5. That dog bites.

What can and can't students do in your class? Fillin the blank-s.
EXERCISE 5

Example: We can't; listen to headphones.

l. We talk wi01our friends. 6. We ta.ke notes.

2. We use pencils. 7. We bring our pets.

eat. 8. We wear hats.
3. We
4. We sleep. 9. We wear sneakers.
speak our nalive 10. We dance.
5. We
language.

Practice 50 103
Practice 51 Mt1st and M ust versus Have To
EXAMPLE EXPLANATION

You must finish vour rompo:;ítion by Rules

Friday. A driver must stop at a red light. Laws
Prohibition
You must not eat on the bus.

LANGUAGE NOTE: Thc contn1ction for mu.si 1101 is mustn.'I.

EXPLANATION
EXAMPLE
Amnnati\'e You must use a couµon by a
It is a rule.
certain
date.
You have to use a coupon by a
certain date
1have to buy groceries It is a personal obligation or necessity.
tomorrow.

Negadv It is against the law.

You must not steal.
e
lf a sale sign says, "3 for $1.00," It's not necessary to buy three items
you don't have to buy three items. to get the sale price.

LANGUAGE NOTES:
1. In affumabve Slatemenls.liare lo and muse are vry similar in mea.ning.
Thcy both l'<how nece:>sity. Have to is more conunon than must with
a personal necessity or obligation. Must is stronger and usua!Jy tells
about Ole rules:
1lull'e to go to Ole bank today.
1must go to court next week.
2. In negative SUll.emerus, must and have lo are very different. Must ?1-
0l shows thal something is prohibited, against the rules:Don't
¡<U>esri't ha.ve lo :>hows that something is not necessary to:
You must ''° drtve withoula Ucense.

'
1 don't Ju.u-e lo drive to school. 1can walk.

EJERCISE 1 Fill ineach blank with must or must not to tell ab otu in your city.
1
Example: recycle your bottles and can .
1. You
3. you throw__________________ your garbage in the street.
4. You __________ pay your taxes
5. You ____
buy a token Lo use the sub
6. You
have a license to drive car
5.
park in a no-parking zone.
You

104 Practice 51
 EXERCISE 2

l
. meet someonc today. -----takc a test in this class
I
2 -----make a call Jater.
. -----wash the dishes this wcck.
l
now. 8. -----go grocery shopping
3. tomorrow.
-----do laundry
4. this week. 9. -----work today.
5. -----clean my room
later.
6. 1-----write a 10. exercise today.
composition.

EXERCISE 3 Fdill"intehach th a verb to what these people have to or don't have to

situations.

l. Martha"s car is dirty. She has to __________________it

2. Joseph is on vacation. He doesn't have to

3. Alberto needs money. He must ----------ajob.
----------
4 . Val and Henry are rich. They don't have to ----------
5. Saroh is a --------- homework to her students.
teacher. She
must
6. David is a student. He has to----------
__________________
i. The party is casuaJ. You don't have to --------
8. I have a job interview tomorrow. l have to ----------a suit.
9. Katherine found someone's bag. She has to_______________________________it.
10. The teaeher collected our compOSitions. He has to ----------
them.
11. They are diabetiC. They must not----------sugar.
12. You drive a car. You must________________________________an updated llcense.
13. He mi.ssed six classes alreadY·He must not__________________________ another
class.
14 . The assigrunent was optional. You don't have to_____________________________it.
15. Must seatbelts in a car.
105 Practice 51