TENSES

 Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan.
Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan
kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya

Does he work
always, every, very hard in the
Subject + He always He does not
never, normally, company?
Verb 1 works very hard work very hard
often, sometimes, Yes, he does. /
(present form) in the company in the company.
usually, seldom No, he does
not.
 

 Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi

yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau
bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Is he playing
Subject +
at the moment, He is not computer games
am/is/are + Look! He is
just now, now, playing at the moment?
Verb -ing talking with his
right now, computer Yes, he
(continuous classmates.
Listen!, Look! games now. is. /      No, he
form)
is not.
 

 Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini

menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Has he
completed the
Subject +
already, ever, just, arrangement for
has/have+ He has already He has not been
never, not yet, so the coming
Verb III (past finished his to Australia so
far, till now, up to event up to
participle homework. far.
now now?
form)
Yes, he
has. /    No, he
 has not.

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk  mengungkapkan aksi

yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai
di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut
ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Has he been

for the past 5
HAS/HAVE + He has not playing the
years, how long He has been
BEEN + Verb been speaking computer game
…?, the whole working here
-ing for the last 3 all day?
week, since since 1996.
(continuous hours. Yes, he has. /  
xxxx
form) No, he has not.

 Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang

terjadi di masa lampau.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

yesterday, 2
Did he pay the
Subject + minutes ago, in Last year, he He did not go
bill yesterday?
Verb II (past 1996, last always worked to school this
Yes, he did. /   
form) Thursday, this into night. morning.
No, he did not.
morning

 Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa

suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya
ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi
kejadian yang lain.Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang
menggunakan past continuous tense.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Was he writing
Subject + He was not
the letter to
WAS/WERE + when, while, as long He was doing his
his parents
Verb -ing as, speaking when I homework at
when I was
(continuous at this time yesterday entered in room.this time
out last
form) yesterday.
Tuesday?
 Yes, he was. /
No, he was
not.
 

 Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang

terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan
pada fakta daripada durasi.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he entered
Subject + the company
He had finished
HAD before yesterday, He had not before he
his designs
+ Verb III till three days ago, been a high achieved his
before he went
(past already, until that school student master degree
to work
participle day until last year. in 1990?
yesterday.
form) Yes, he had. /  
No, he had not.

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense.
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan
telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense
ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he been
He was told
Subject + HAD speaking for the
He said that he that his
+ BEEN + Verb for, since, the whole class
had been teacher had
-ing whole day, all before I
working here been waiting
(continuous day entered?
for ten years. for him since 2
form) Yes, he had. /
p.m yesterday.
No, he had not.

   Simple Future Tense

Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan

datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk
pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going
to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

 He will not
Subject + play computer Will he go to the
He is going to
“WILL/ BE in a year, next …, games cinema
be journalist
GOING TO” + tomorrow, next anymore tomorrow with
after he
Verb week, five days because he us?
graduate next
(present later understand Yes, he will. /
year.
form) how harmful No, he will not.
they are.
 

 Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu

tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam
waktu dekat.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Will he be
He will be
Subject + He will not be playing football
delivering the
“WILL/BE doing the task next morning in
speech to
GOING TO” + tomorrow morning, in the office the
undergraduates
“BE” + Verb in one year this afternoon playground?    
at 3 p.m
(continuous because he is      Yes, he
tomorrow
form) sick. will./     No, he
afternoon.
will not.
 

 Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada

waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Will he have
Subject + He will not
He will have finished the
“WILL HAVE” + by next Monday, have finished
finished the task in a
Verb II (past in the given task
task week?   
participle a week by tomorrow
by next Monday. Yes, he will./   
form) evening.
No, he will not.
 

 Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect
continuous tense  merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi  sebelum
waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + He will not Will he have

He will have
“WILL HAVE for the last have been been doing the
been taking
BEEN” + Verb couple doing the task research all day
charge of
III (past of hours, all day for the last long?       
the team for the
participle long couple of Yes, he will./   
next hour.
form) hours. No, he will not.

 Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak

langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan
dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He did not Did you tell
Subject + He said that
promise that him when I
“SHOULD/WOULD” he would
he would buy would arrive?
+ Verb (present leave in three
you a new Yes, I did. /   
form) days.
computer. No, I did not.

 Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi

sebuah aksi terjadi.   Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan
pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

I did not tell
Did you say
I made a anyone that I
that you
promise that I would be
Subject + would be
would be giving
“SHOULD/WOULD working hard
doing my a speech to
BE” + Verb in the next
homework undergraduate
(continuous form) week?   Yes,
all day long s for the next
I did /       
tomorrow. whole
No, I did not.
morning.
 
  Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu.

Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu,
tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan
datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Did you say
He told the He said that he that you would
Subject +
students that would not have have been a
“SHOULD/WOULD
they should made such a doctor in three
HAVE BEEN” +
have finished the mistake if he years?
Verb III (past
homework this had taken my Yes, I
participle form)
morning. advice. did /        
No, I did not.
 

 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup
sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense.
Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang
sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Would he have
been
I did not know
I heard that explaining to
Subject + that he would
you should the workers if
“SHOULD/WOULD have been
have been he had made
HAVE BEEN” + working for
teaching here the information
Verb (continuous the past three
for ten years clear?
form) hours by that
by this July. Yes, he would /
time.
No, he would
not.