Ollanta Humala

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"Humala" redirects here. For other uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Humala and

the second or maternal family name is Tasso.

Ollanta Humala

65th President of Peru

In office

28 July 2011 – 28 July 2016

Prime Minister Salomón Lerner Ghitis

Oscar Valdés

Juan Jiménez Mayor

César Villanueva

René Cornejo

Ana Jara

Pedro Cateriano

Vice President Omar Chehade

Marisol Espinoza
Preceded by Alan Garcia

Succeeded by Pedro Pablo Kuczynski

President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations

In office

29 June 2012 – 30 August 2013

Preceded by Fernando Lugo

Succeeded by Dési Bouterse

President of the Nationalist Party

Incumbent

Assumed office

26 August 2016

Preceded by Nadine Heredia

In office

3 October 2005 – 30 December 2013

Preceded by Position established

Succeeded by Nadine Heredia

President pro tempore of the Pacific Alliance

In office

3 July 2015 – 1 July 2016

Preceded by Enrique Peña Nieto

Succeeded by Michelle Bachelet

Personal details
Born Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso

27 June 1962 (age 57)

Lima, Peru

Political party Peruvian Nationalist Party

Other political Peru Wins (2010–present)

affiliations

Height 1 cm (0 in)

Nadine Heredia (m. 1999)
Spouse(s)

Children 3

Alma mater Chorrillos Military School

Pontifical Catholic University of Peru

Signature

Website Government website

Military service

Allegiance  Peru

Branch/service  Peruvian Army

Years of service 1981–2006

Rank Lieutenant colonel

Battles/wars Internal conflict in Peru

Cenepa War
 Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈʝanta uˈmala]; born 27 June 1962)
is a Peruvian politician who served as the 65th President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. A
former army officer, Humala lost the 2006 presidential election and eventually won
the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote.[1] He was elected as President of Peru in the
second round, defeating Keiko Fujimori.
The son of Isaac Humala, a labour lawyer, Humala entered the Peruvian Army in 1981. In
the military he achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; in 1991 he fought in the internal
conflict against the Shining Path and three years later he participated in the Cenepa
War against Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etat by
soldiers in the southern city of Tacna against President Alberto Fujimori;[2] he was pardoned
by the Peruvian Congress after the downfall of the Fujimori regime.
In 2005 he founded the Peruvian Nationalist Party and registered to run in the 2006
presidential election. The nomination was made under the Union for Peru ticket as the
Nationalist party did not achieve its electoral inscription on time. He passed the first round
of the elections, held on April 9, 2006, with 30.62% of the valid votes. A runoff was held on
June 4 between Humala and Alan García of the Peruvian Aprista Party. Humala lost this
round with 47.47% of the valid votes versus 52.62% for García. After his defeat, Humala
remained an important figure within Peruvian politics.
In February 2016, amidst the Peruvian Presidential Race, a report from the Brazilian
Federal Police implicated Humala as recipient of bribes from Odebrecht, a Brazilian
construction company, in exchange of assigned public works. President Humala rejected
the implication and has avoided speaking to the media on the matter. [3][4]
Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities in July 2017 and awaits a corruption trial. [5]

Contents

 1Background and military career

 22000 uprising
 3Political career
o 3.12006 presidential campaign
o 3.2Post-election
o 3.32011 election
o 3.4Presidency
 3.4.1Ideology
 4Arrest
 5See also
 6References
 7External links

Background and military career[edit]

Ollanta Humala was born in Lima, Peru on June 27, 1962. He is the son of Isaac Humala,
an ethnic Quechua indigenous lawyer, member of the Communist Party of Peru – Red
Fatherland, and ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement. Ollanta's mother is
Elena Tasso, from an old Italian family established in Peru at the end of the 19th century.
[6]
 He is the brother of Antauro Humala, now serving a 25-year prison sentence for
kidnapping 17 Police officers for 3 days and killing 4 of them, and professor Ulises Humala.
[7]
 Humala was born in Peru and attended the French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and
later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by part of the Peruvian-Japanese
community in Lima. He began his military career in 1982 when he entered the Chorrillos
Military School.
In his military career, Humala was also involved in the two major Peruvian conflicts of the
past 20 years, the battle against the insurgent organization Shining Path and the
1995 Cenepa War with Ecuador. In 1992 Humala served in Tingo María fighting the
remnants of the Shining Path and in 1995 he served in the Cenepa War on the border with
Ecuador.[8]

2000 uprising[edit]
See also Locumba uprising (Spanish)
In October 2000, Humala led an uprising in Toquepala[9] against Alberto Fujimori on his last
days as President due to multiple corruption scandals. The main reason given for the
rebellion was the capture of Vladimiro Montesinos, former intelligence chief who had fled
Peru for asylum in Panama after being caught on video trying to bribe an opposition
congressman. The return of Montesinos led to fears that he still had much power in
Fujimori's government, so Humala and about 40 other Peruvian soldiers revolted against
their senior army commander.[10] Montesinos claims that the uprising facilitated his
concurrent escape.[11]
Many of Humala's men deserted him, leaving him only 7 soldiers. During the revolt, Humala
called on Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and around 300 former soldiers led
by his brother Antauro answered his call and were reported to have been in a convoy
attempting to join up with Humala. The revolt gained some sympathy from the Peruvian
populace with the influential opposition newspaper La República calling him "valiant and
decisive, unlike most in Peru". The newspaper also had many letters sent in by readers
with accolades to Ollanta and his men. [10]
In the aftermath, the Army sent hundreds of soldiers to capture the rebels. Even so,
Humala and his men managed to hide until President Fujimori was impeached from office a
few days later and Valentín Paniagua named interim president. Later Humala was
pardoned by Congress and allowed to return to military duty. He was sent as military
attaché to Paris, then to Seoul until December 2004, when he was forcibly retired. His
forced retirement is suspected to have partly motivated an etnocacerista rebellion of
Andahuaylas[2] led by his brother Antauro Humala in January 2005.[12]
In 2002 Humala received a master's degree in Political Science from the Pontifical Catholic
University of Peru.[13]

Political career[edit]
2006 presidential campaign[edit]
In October 2005 Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian
Nationalist Party) and ran for the presidency in 2006 with the support of Union for
Peru (UPP).
Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the former Peruvian Secretary-General of the United
Nations and founder of UPP, told the press on December 5, 2005, that he did not support
the election of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said that after being the
UPP presidential candidate in 1995, he had not had any further contact with UPP and
therefore did not take part in choosing Humala as the party's presidential candidate for the
2006 elections.[14][15]
There were some accusations that he incurred in torture, under the nom de guerre "Capitán
Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was the commander of a military base in the jungle
region of Madre Mia from 1992 to 1993. His brother Antauro Humala stated in 2006 that
Humala had used such a name during their activities. [16][17] Humala, in an interview
with Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that he went under the pseudonym Captain Carlos but
stated that other soldiers went under the same name and denied participation in any
human rights abuses.[18]
On March 17, 2006, Humala's campaign came under some controversy as his father, Issac
Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the
other incarcerated members of the Shining Path". He made similar statements about
amnesty for Víctor Polay, the leader of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, and
other leaders of the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from the more radical
members of his family during his campaign.[19][20][21] Humala's mother, meanwhile, made a
statement on the March 21 calling for homosexuals to be shot.[22]
Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran against him in the election, but was
considered an extremely minor candidate and came in 14th place in the election.
On April 9, 2006, the first round of the Peruvian national election was held. Humala came in
first place getting 30.62% of the valid votes,[23] and immediately began preparing to
face Alan García, who obtained 24.32%, in a runoff election on June 4.
On May 20, 2006, the day before the first Presidential debate between Alan García and
Ollanta Humala, a tape of the former Peruvian intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos was
released by Montesinos' lawyer to the press with Montesinos claiming that Humala had
started the October 29, 2000 military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate
his escape from Peru amidst corruption scandals. Montesinos is quoted as saying it was a
"farce, an operation of deception and manipulation".

Geographic distribution of Second Round votes, by winning candidate.

  Alan García, >2/3 of valid votes

  Alan García, <2/3 of valid votes

  Ollanta Humala, >2/3

  Ollanta Humala, <2/3

Humala immediately responded to the charges by accusing Montesinos of being in

collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an intention to undermine his candidacy.
Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my indignation at the statements" and went
on to say "Who benefits from the declarations that stain the honor of Ollanta Humala?
Evidently they benefit Alan García".[24][25][26] In another message that Montesinos released to
the media through his lawyer he claimed that Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban
President Fidel Castro and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war"
against the United States. Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new ideologist
or political reformer, but he is an instrument". [27]
On May 24, 2006, Humala warned of possible voter fraud in the upcoming second round
elections scheduled for June 4. He urged UPP supporters to register as poll watchers "so
votes are not stolen from us during the tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to
cite similar claims of voting fraud in the first round made by right-wing National Unity
candidate Lourdes Flores when she told reporters that she felt she had "lost at the
tabulation tables, not at the ballot box". When asked if he had proof for his claims by CPN
Radio Humala stated "I do not have proof. If I had the proof, I would immediately denounce
those responsible to the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala
was "crying fraud" because the polls show him losing the second round. [28]
On June 4, 2006, the second round of the Peruvian elections were held. With 77% of votes
counted and Humala behind García 45.5% to 55.5% respectively, Humala conceded defeat
to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's campaign stating at a news conference
"we recognise the results...and we salute the forces that competed against us, those of Mr
Garcia".[29]
Post-election[edit]
On June 12, 2006 Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's Vice Presidential running mate and
elected Congressman for the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a faction of the UPP would
split off from the party after disagreements with Humala to create what Torres calls a
"constructive opposition". The split came after Humala called on leftist parties to form an
alliance with the UPP to become the principal opposition party in Congress. Humala had
met with representatives of the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland and the New
Left Movement. Humala stated that the opposition would work to "make sure Garcia
complies with his electoral promises" and again stated that he would not boycott
García's inauguration on July 28, 2006.[30][31]
On August 16, 2006, prosecutors in Peru filed charges against Humala for alleged human
rights abuses including forced disappearance, torture, and murder against Shining
Path guerillas during his service in San Martín.[32][33] Humala responded by denying the
charges and stating that he was "a victim of political persecution". He said the charges
were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize any alternative to his
power".[34]
2011 election[edit]
Main article: 2011 Peruvian general election

Humala with his wife

Humala ran again in the Peruvian general election[35] on April 10, 2011, with Marisol
Espinoza his candidate for Vice-President.
On May 19, at National University of San Marcos and with the support of many Peruvian
intellectuals and artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala
signed the "Compromiso en Defensa de la Democracia". [36][37] He campaigned as a center-
left leader with the desire to help to create a more equitable framework for distributing the
wealth from the country's key natural resources, with the goal of maintaining foreign
investment and economic growth in the country while working to improve the condition of
an impoverished majority.
Going into the June 5 runoff election, he was polling in a statistical tie with opponent Keiko
Fujimori.[38] He was elected the 94th president of Peru with 51.5% of the vote.
Presidency[edit]
After the news of the election of Ollanta as president the Lima Stock
Exchange experienced its largest drop ever,[39][40][41] though it later stabilised following the
announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were judged to be moderate and in
line with continuity.[citation needed] However he was also said to have inherited "a ticking time
bomb of disputes stemming in large part from objections by indigenous groups to the
damage to water supplies, crops and hunting grounds wrought by mining, logging and oil
and gas extraction" from Alan Garcia.[42] Though he promised the "poor and
disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger stake in the rapidly growing national economy, his
"mandate for change...[was seen as] a mandate for moderate change"; his moderation was
reflected in his "orthodox" cabinet appointees and his public oath on the Bible to respect
investor rights, rule of law and the constitution. [43] He was sworn-in on 28 July 2011.
As part of his "social inclusion" rhetoric during the campaign, his government, led by Prime
Minister Salomon Lerner Ghitis, established the Ministry of Development and Social
Inclusion in order to coordinate the efficacy of his social programmes.
Ideology[edit]
Ollanta Humala expressed sympathy for the regime of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took
power in a bloodless military coup on October 3, 1968, and nationalized various Peruvian
industries whilst pursuing a favorable foreign policy with Cuba and the Soviet Union.[44]
Main article: Foreign policy of Ollanta Humala

During his presidential candidacy in 2006 and his run for the presidency that he ultimately
won in 2011, Humala was closely affiliated with other pink tide leaders in Latin America in
general and South America in particular. Prior to taking office in 2011 he toured several
countries in the Americas where he notably expressed the idea of re-uniting the Peru–
Bolivian Confederation. He also visited Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Venezuela.

Arrest[edit]
Further information: Operation Car Wash

During the Peruvian presidential election in February 2016, a report by the Brazilian

Federal Police implicated Humala in bribery by Odebrecht for public works contracts.
President Humala denied the charge and avoided questions from the media on that matter.
[45][46]
 In July 2017, Humala and his wife were arrested and held in pre-trial detention
following investigations into his involvement in the Odebrecht scandal.[5][47]
In January 2019, Peruvian prosecutors stated that they had enough evidence to charge
Humala and his wife with laundering money from both Odebrecht and the Government of
Venezuela.[48]
However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried out under the chairmanships of Alan
García and Alberto Fujimori.[49]

See also[edit]
 Humala administration

References[edit]
1. ^ The Guardian, April 11, 2011, Peru elections: Fujimori and Humala set for runoff
vote
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Diario Hoy, October 31, 2000, PERU, CORONELAZO NO CUAJA
3. ^ Leahy, Joe.  "Peru president rejects link to Petrobras scandal". FT.com. Financial
Times. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
4. ^ Post, Colin. "Peru: Ollanta Humala implicated in Brazil's Carwash
scandal".  www.perureports.com. Retrieved  February 23,  2016.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b McDonnell, Adriana Leon and Patrick J. "Another former Peruvian
president is sent to jail, this time as part of growing corruption scandal".  latimes.com.
6. ^ Justin Vogler (April 11, 2006).  "Ollanta Humala: Peru's Next President?".
upsidedownworld.
7. ^ (in Spanish) (this cannot be correct because the article on Ulises Humala says he
is still alive) explored.com.ec, January 5, 2005, Perú: Humala se compara con Chávez y
Lucio Gutiérrez Archived August 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.]
8. ^ "Historia de Ollanta" November 1, 2000 BBC Mundo (in Spanish)
9. ^ "Toquepala Prod. Unaffected by Rebellion".  BNamericas. October 31, 2000.
Retrieved  June 28,  2014.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b "Bid to end Peru rebellion peacefully" November 2, 2000 BBC News
11. ^ Libón, Oscar (May 23, 2011).  "Montesinos: "Levantamiento de Locumba facilitó
mi fuga del país"".  Correo. Lima. Archived from the original  on June 28, 2014.
Retrieved  June 28,  2014.
12. ^ (in Spanish) BBC, January 4, 2005, Perú: insurgentes se rinden
13. ^ "Ollanta Se Reencaucha" April 25, 2002 Caretas magazine
14. ^ "Ollanta Humala chosen as PNP-UPP presidential candidate" Archived March 3,
2006, at the Wayback Machine December 6, 2005 University of British Columbia-Peru
Elections 2006
15. ^ "Pérez de Cuéllar no avala a UPP" December 6, 2005 Peru 21 (in
Spanish) ArchivedMarch 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
16. ^ (in Spanish), El Universal, February 6, 2006, "Antauro Humala dice que su
hermano Ollanta es el 'capitán Carlos'"
17. ^ Chrystelle Barbier "Le candidat nationaliste péruvien, Ollanta Humala, accusé de
«tortures»" February 26, 2006 Le Monde (in French)
18. ^ Jorge Ramos, "Humala admite que se llamó Cap. Carlos" Archived June 30,
2009, at the Wayback Machine Peru 21
19. ^ (in Spanish), El Universal, March 17, 2006, "Padre de Ollanta Humala pide
amnistía para jefes guerrilleros"
20. ^ Interview with Ollanta Humala Audio (needs Windows Media Player) (in
Spanish)Archived September 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ Press Conference Speech by Ollanta Humala Video (needs Windows Media
Player) El Comercio (in Spanish) Archived December 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ "Elena Tasso de Humala, mother of candidate Ollanta Humala, calls for
homosexuals to be shot" March 23, 2006.
23. ^ "Presidential Election Results". Archived from  the original on September 3, 2006.
24. ^ "Peru Ex-Spy Chief Says Candidate for President Aided His Escape" May 21,
2006 The New York Times
25. ^ Maxwell A. Cameron "Analysis of Audio Tape by Vladimiro Montesinos
Concerning Ollanta Humala" Archived June 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine May 20,
2006 Peru Election 2006: University of British Columbia
26. ^ Video of García-Humala Presidential Debate Peruvian National
Television ArchivedMay 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
 27. ^ El Universal, May 30, 2006, "Montesinos: Humala is a political "pawn" of Chávez
and Castro"
28. ^ Carla Salazar, "Peruvian Candidate Warns of Voting Fraud" May 24, 2006 CBS
NewsArchived February 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
29. ^ "Garcia wins to become Peru president" June 5, 2006 Al-Jazeera
30. ^ "Union for Peru Party Splits in Spat With Humala" June 12, 2006 Bloomberg
31. ^ "Humala dice que no dará tregua a Alan García" Peru 21 Archived February 12,
2008, at the Wayback Machine
32. ^ "Humala facing rights abuse claims" August 17, 2006 BBC News
33. ^ Greg Brosnan, "Peru nationalist Humala faces human rights charges" August 16,
2006 Reuters
34. ^ "Humala: I am a Victim of Political Persecution" September 1, 2006 Prensa
LatinaArchived February 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
35. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original  on May 2, 2011. Retrieved  March
29,2011.
36. ^ "Vargas Llosa reiteró su respaldo a Ollanta Humala a través de video".
Elcomercio.pe. Retrieved  July 30,  2011.
37. ^ Mario Vargas Llosa under fire for Peru election endorsement, Rory Carroll, The
Guardian, April 28, 2011
38. ^ "Peru Elections Near: A Look at the Candidates". WOLA, June 1, 2011.
39. ^ Carroll, Rory; correspondent, Latin America (June 6, 2011).  "Leftwinger Ollanta
Humala's narrow win in Peru unnerves markets"  – via www.theguardian.com.
40. ^ S.A.P, El Mercurio (June 6, 2011).  "Bolsa de Perú registra la mayor caída de su
historia tras el triunfo de Humala - Emol.com". Emol.
41. ^ "Bolsa de Valores registra la mayor caída en su historia - Perú21". June 10,
2011. Archived from  the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved  March 16,  2019.
42. ^ CARLA SALAZAR, Associated Press. "Peru's Garcia leaves conflicts
unresolved". Google.com. Retrieved July 30, 2011.[dead link]
43. ^ Mapstone, Naomi (July 7, 2011). "Peru's president to face rebalancing act for
rural poor". FT.com. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
44. ^ Simon Tisdall "Another angry neighbour for Bush" April 4, 2006 The Guardian
45. ^ Leahy, Joe.  "Peru president rejects link to Petrobras scandal". FT.com. Financial
Times. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
46. ^ Post, Colin. "Peru: Ollanta Humala implicated in Brazil's Carwash scandal". Peru
reports. Retrieved  February 23,  2016.
47. ^ "Peru's ex-presidents Humala and Fujimori, old foes, share prison". Reuters. July
14, 2017. Retrieved  December 18, 2017.
48. ^ Martin, Sabrina (January 15, 2019).  "Peru: Prosecutors Claim Humala Campaign
Financed by Venezuela, Odebrecht".  PanAm Post. Retrieved  January 20,  2019.
49. ^ https://mondediplo.com/2017/10/08brazil

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Ollanta
Humala.

 Resume on the National Electoral Panel (JNE) site (Spanish) [permanent dead link]
 Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
Articles

 "Peru Leans Leftward", April 10, 2006 Council on Foreign Relations

 "Breakdown in the Andes", September/October 2004 Foreign Affairs
 "Ollanta Humala's Path to Peruvian Presidency", August 5, 2011 Sounds and
Colours