Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Linking words show the logical relationship between sentences or parts of a sentence.
As well and too come at the end of the She doesn’t smoke. She doesn’t
clause when you are adding something drink either.
to a list of things that you gave in the Frank speaks French. He also
previous sentence. But also comes in the speaks German.
middle of a clause: before the verb , after I can also play the piano.
an auxiliary, modal or to be.
We have also decided to get a new
Also /Too / As well are not used with
car.
two negative statements ( use either)
« I’m going to get bread, cheese,
tea, and sugar». «Can you get some
milk as well?»
She’s got a car as well as a
motorbike.
These expressions are used to add I hate asking for a pay rise.
4. information to what has already been Anyway, there’s no point.
said. I don’t really need a new car.
Besides Anyway / Besides are used at the Besides, I can’t afford one.
anyway beginning of a sentence when you have The city provides many cultural
moreover given one reason for doing smth and you opportunities. It has an excellent art
what is more want to add another. museum. Moreover /
Besides = in addition to Furthermore/ In addition , it has a
in addition to Moreover / furthermore / in addition = fine symphony orchestra.
also. They are used at the beginning of a The city provides many cultural
furthermore sentence to add a more important fact opportunities. In addition to /
than the one that you gave in the Besides an excellent art museum, it
previous sentence. has a fine symphony orchestra.
In addition to / besides are used as Besides doing the cooking I look
prepositions. They are followed by an after the garden.
object, not a clause.
Nether...nor / not only...but also... + Neither John nor his friends are
5. Negative Addition singular noun + singular verb going to the beach today.
Nether...nor / not only...but also... + Neither John nor Bill is going to
neither... nor... plural noun + plural verb the beach today.
nor Neither takes an affirmative verb. Not only my mother but also my
not only...but also.... sister is here.
Not only my sister but also my
neither parents are here.
Mary is rich, while John is poor.
6. Contrast While and whereas are used to show Mary is rich, whereas John is poor.
clear contrast between two subjects Whereas Mary is rich, John is poor
while within one sentence. They are followed John loves playing outdoors all day,
whereas by a clause. while / whereas Harry likes playing
computer games.
But is used to join two words or phrases It was cold, but I went swimming
7. when the second one has the opposite anyway.
meaning. It was cold , but I still went
but They show contrast (unexpected result) swimming .
yet
still
but...anyway It was cold, yet I still went
but... still swimming.
yet... still Mary is rich, but John is poor.
because is used to express expected
results; even though is used to express Even though / Although / Though
8. unexpected results. it was cold, I went swimming.
Although is followed by a clause and a Because I wasn’t tired, I didn’t go
comma. After Although we use a subject to bed.
Although + verb. We went out although it was
even though Even though is stronger than although. raining.
though Although can’t be at the end of a Even though I wasn’t tired, I went
because sentence; though- can. to bed.
We use though to mean ‘however’ at the Although he studied very hard, he
end of a sentence. Think of although as didn’t pass the exam.
«before the fact» and however as «after He didn’t finish the job, even
the fact». though he worked all night.
The room is very small. It’s quite
comfortable though.
Except is used for introducing the only We haven’t told anyone except
31. Exception thing , person, or fact that is not included Leslie’s dad.
in your main sentence; it is like saying I like all musical instruments except
without, or minus. the violin.
except (for) Apart from is used: I don’t know much about the man,
except for someone or something. except that he’s a fool.
apart from in addition to someone/something Everything was perfect except for
the weather.
I hardly know anyone in the village
apart from William and you.
Apart from the violin, he plays the
piano and the flute. (=besides the
violin......)
I like all musical instruments apart
from the violin. (=.........except the
violin)
that