Project report on Career Scope in Hospitality & Tourism Education for hotel

management graduate.

SUBMITTED BY

SAGAR BAISOYA

1741301036

A Research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of B.Sc. in Hotel

& Hospitality Administration to the National Council for Hotel Management &
Catering Technology, Noida.

ASHOK INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

(INDIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD.),

NEW DELHI

2019-20

Acknowledgement

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I would like to extend my most gracious thanks to the principal of Ashok Institute of the
hospitality and Tourism management, New Delhi Mr. Harsh Bhutani for giving me the
opportunity to conduct my research project by title “Career Scope in Hospitality &
Tourism Education for hotel management graduate”.

I would also like to thank our research guide Ms. Deepali Indora for her guidance throughout
the period that we carried out our research project.

I would also like to thank everyone who has helped in my research for their co-operation in
the successful completion of this research project.

Sagar Baisoya

1741301032

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 Table of Contents

Particulars Page No.

Chapter I : Introduction 4-5
1.1 Research Objective 6
1.2 Significance of Study 7
1.3 Scope of Study 8
1.4 Hypothesis 9
Chapter II : Research Methodology 10-11
Chapter III : Executive Summary 12-13
Chapter IV : Literature Review 14-53
4.1 History
4.2 Opportunities in Modern Hotel Industry
4.3 Career Scope in Hospitality Industry and Tourism
4.4 Technology and the democratization of international tourism
4.5 Different career opportunities available for hospitality and tourism
industry.
4.6 Hospitality & tourism options
4.7 The most preferred career choices of students in these industries.
4.8 Why hotel management can be a conscious career choice in India
4.9 The choices pattern of career among the students of different semesters
4.10 Reasons you should opt to make a career in Hotel Management
4.11 Step-by-Step
4.12 Important features of the travel and tourism industry:
Chapter V : Data Analysis & Interpretation 54-63
Chapter VI : Finding & Recommendations 64-66
Chapter VII : Conclusion 67
Bibliography 68
Appendix 69
Certificate 70

Chapter 1:

Introduction

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The competitiveness of industry and firms has been one of the most important themes of
research in the fields of economics and business studies. The concept of competitiveness of
nations was initially proposed by economists. The term has also gained importance as a
subject of study among management scholars during the last decade. Most empirical studies
on competitiveness at the industry level have been related to the manufacturing and related
sectors, and only recently have some researchers started to examine the international
competitiveness of the service sector with a particular focus on tourism destinations and the
hotel industry that deserves a systematic and critical review. As the tourism and hotel industry
continue to prosper in the global economy, competition—whether it be international or
domestic among members of the industries—becomes fiercer. Possessing competitive
advantages could be key to success for those members. In this article, we aim to synthesize
the published studies in tourism destination and hotel competitiveness and provide a holistic
picture of what has been examined previously with a view to facilitating further research in
these areas. Competitiveness has been a subject of study in the manufacturing and related
sectors since the early 1990s. However, only recently have some researchers started to
examine the tourism and hospitality competitiveness, both conceptually and empirically, with
a particular focus on tourism destinations and the hotel industry. The goal of this article is to
review the published studies on destination and hotel competitiveness, provide critiques, and
point out future directions in tourism and hotel competitiveness research. Such a review shall
provide researchers with a good understanding of the current status of competitiveness
research and with a vision for advancing the existing knowledge of destination and hotel
competitiveness. The BS in Hotel and Tourism Management prepares students for
management positions in one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors worldwide.
Combining a thorough liberal arts program of study with industry-specific business classes,
students gain in-depth knowledge in the areas of hospitality finance, sales and marketing,
revenue management, special event planning, destination development, and food and
beverage operations. Students learn how to develop new hotel and resort concepts, market
tourism destinations, and manage tourism and convention bureaus. Frequent site visits,
industry events and guest speakers ensure they make use of all the opportunities New York
City has to offer, both in and out of the classroom. In addition, they gain hands-on experience
through internships, which develop them into successful—and highly employable—industry
professionals. The program offers concentrations in Event Management, Hotel Development,
Marketing and Revenue Management, Organizations and Operations, and Tourism
Development. The aim of this paper is to discuss the future of the tourism and hotel industry

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in view of the forecasted social and economic changes during the 21st century. Tourism and
the hotel industry will become one of the largest world industries. The globalization
(unification) and localization (diversification) processes will affect both world and regional
tourism. The paper pursues the answers to the questions as to who will be the tourists of the
future and what kind of needs and desires they will have.

1.1 Objectives of the Study

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  To analyse the investment trends and hospitality development patterns of international
hospitality firms.
 To identify emerging overseas markets for tourism and hospitality development.
 To understand the socio-economic impact of developing tourism industry in
developing countries.
 To understand the management functions of tourism and hospitality industry including
human resource management, financial management, marketing and technology
applications.
 To Identify potential career opportunities of our students through internship programs
and on education training

1.2 Significance of the Study

 The travel and tourism sector currently accounts for 10.4% of global GDP.*
Projections say that 72 million jobs will be added to the tourism and hospitality sector
over the next 10 years, and the industry itself will grow 10%.
 Hospitality generates revenue for local economies directly when tourists spend money
in hotels, restaurants and entertainment venues. It also helps economies indirectly
because tourists purchase retail goods, pharmacy items and locally made souvenirs
and crafts. In addition, tourism can stimulate the building of infrastructure such as
roads and public transportation.
 Hospitality provides essential services (i.e., lodging and food) for travelers, whether
they are on the move for reasons of necessity, leisure or luxury. Hospitality is a major
factor in every vacation and business trip, and is thus important to individual
customers and to businesses.

1.3 Scope of Study

 The Travel and Tourism industry is a one such industry that even though it is
relatively new than the others but is growing and is also expected to do well in the
coming years as well. There are many concerns and industries that are direct
contributors of the industry and hence in the long run create greater job opportunities
to those who would want to be a part of the industry. Hotels, restaurants, retailing,
transportation, travel agencies, tour companies, tourist attractions, leisure, recreation
and sport, and cultural industries are some of the contributors to the industry.

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  Also, as per popular researches and studies, the tourism sector has created about 11
million jobs and has the potential to create another 37 million jobs in the future.
Although the future of the industry is quite bright but still there is a lot of development
in terms of infrastructure and skilled personnel.
 A subject becomes more alluring once you know the benefits that come along. If
you’re still trying to make up your mind about taking up a hospitality management
course, we are here to help. Take a look at the advantages of hospitality management:

 CREATIVE THINKING
Hospitality management is a job where you will need to interact with customers and you
might encounter unique problems that need immediate solutions. The challenges hospitality
management presents will help you broaden your mind, become quick on your feet (in terms
of thinking) and will push you to think out of the box. With all the exercise your mind will be
doing, creative thinking will eventually become an asset for you.

 GLOBAL EXPOSURE
Hospitality management is one of the few career options that carves your path for global
exposure. Due to its widespread presence, you can find a job in various places and get a
chance to work for an international chain. Global exposure will help you understand different
cultures and customs, adding to your experience as a professional.

 JOB SECURITY
With the hospitality industry becoming omnipresent, a large number of jobs are generated
every year. Hence, there is increased demand for hospitality management professionals. The
growing popularity of the hospitality industry has made it a promising option.

 GREAT PERKS
While not all jobs in the hospitality sector are well-paid, if you are taking up a managerial
position in the industry, chances are you will figure in the suite of top-paid professionals.

 WORLD OF OPPORTUNITIES
Jobs offered by the hospitality industry are never dull. There is a lot of variety, a lot of
travelling and a lot of new challenges. In fact, hospitality management jobs are one of the
most exciting ones in the world.

 SIGNIFICANT GROWTH

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 As suggested by Harvard Business Review, ‘growth opportunity’ should be one of the key
factors while choosing a career option. Hospitality management jobs will help you grow,
personally and professionally. Hospitality management careers not only help you socialize
and network, they also provide you with dynamic opportunities to grow within the
organization.

 YOUR EMPLOYABILITY IS HIGH

Hospitality courses equip you with skills that help you understand the current trends in the
industry. These courses also help you inculcate people-handling skills and critical thinking as
a part of your daily life. These skills are what the hospitality industry looks for in their
professionals. The more skilled you are, the higher your employability is.

The hospitality industry generates a large amount of revenue and jobs, which has a positive
influence on the global economy as well as the employment rate. Studying hospitality
management gives you an edge over other professionals in the world due to its versatility and
wide reach.

Hospitality is one of the best sectors to work in and it pays well too. If you are planning on
taking up a hospitality management course, go right ahead and do it. After all, best things
happen to those who dream.

1.4 Hypothesis

There are many options to venture into to be a part of the tourism sector; public and private.
The following are some of the profiles one can look into:

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 Tourism Department: There are jobs as Reservation and counter staff, Sales and
marketing staff, Tour Planners and Tour guides. There is also the requirement of Information
assistants at the office of the Tourism departments who are selected through competitive
examinations held by the Staff Selection Commission. The option of working as a Guide is
also listed under the tourism department as the Ministry of Tourism recognizes three types of
guides; regional, state and local.

 Airlines: One can opt between being the ground staff or in flight staff. Apart from
working as Airhostess/ Stewards, you can look into the option of Traffic Assistance,
Reservation and Counter Staff, etc.

 Hotels: The Hotel Industry being a service industry, serves the basic requirement of
food and accommodation. One can choose from Operations, Front office, House keeping,
Food and Beverages, Accounting, Engineering/ Maintenance, Sales, Public relations and
Security, etc as one of the many departments to work with.

 Tour operators: They are the ones who help organize conducted tours to the various
tourist spots and manage the travel and stay of the tourists.

 Travel Agents: Travel agents evaluate the requirements of tourists and businessmen

and help them make the best possible travel arrangements from the many available. Many
resorts, travel groups use travel agents to promote their tour packages to travelers.

 Transport: Apart from airlines, travelers require rail services, coach operators, car
hire companies to go from one place to another - by air, road, railway, sea etc. All this is take
care by the ones handling transport.

Chapter II:

Research Methodology

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The Research Methods may be defined as those methods / techniques that are used for
conducting the research. Research methods can be put into the following three groups.

In first we include those methods which are concerned with the collection of data; these
methods will be used where the data already available are not sufficient to arrive at the
required solution.
The second consists of those statistical Techniques, which are used for establishing
relationship between variables.
The group consists of those methods which are used to evaluate the accuracy of the results
obtained.
Research methods refer to the behaviour and instruments used in selecting and constructing
research techniques.
Research Design

A descriptive research focusing on the current trends and preference amongst students for
career choice .My research uses detailed questionnaires to understand factors influencing the
desirability of an opting hospitality as their career.

Data Collection Method

Personal interview & detailed questionnaires to understand factors influencing the desirability
and increase in number of students in hospitality industry.

Sources of Data Collection

Following kind of data analgise: -

Primary data: - Through survey and personal international tourist visiting Delhi.

Secondary data: - Already published data collected from different list.

Nonprobability based convenient data collection method used.

Tools & Techniques

Appraise, analyse and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various qualitative research
methods in the context of hotel and tourism research. Integrate sophisticated
qualitative research methodologies to manage the development of hospitality and tourism
through policy making, planning, and decision-making.
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Data Analysis & Interpretation

All data collected from questionnaire will be analysed & interpreted each question will be
given along with a table chart & description.

Limitations

1. Small universe

The universe for this study is too small thereof the finding may not truly represent the
condition in the entire industry.

2. Problem of accessibility

It was very difficult in approaching the executive or the guest as they would be busy. Despite
prior appointment, they were unaccusable at times being engaged elsewhere.

3. Constraint of time

The respondents due to non-availability of time could not discuss may aspects of the topic
depth.

Chapter III:

Executive summary

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Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills,
values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching,
training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of
educators and also learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal
or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks,
feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called
pedagogy. Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or
kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or
apprenticeship. A right to education has been recognized by some governments and the
United Nations. In most regions, education is compulsory up to a certain age. Etymologically,
the word "education" is derived from the Latin word Education began in prehistory, as adults
trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-
literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed
knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures began to extend
their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal
education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom. Matteo
Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements published in
1607 Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe.
The city of Alexandria in Egypt, established in 330 BCE, became the successor to Athens as
the intellectual cradle of Ancient Greece. There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in
the 3rd century BCE. European civilizations suffered a collapse of literacy and organization
following the fall of Rome in CE 476. In India, Confucius (551–479 BCE), of the State of Lu,
was the country's most influential ancient philosopher, whose educational outlook continues
to influence the societies of India and neighbours like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucius
gathered disciples and searched in vain for a ruler who would adopt his ideals for good
governance, but his Analects were written down by followers and have continued to influence
education in East Asia into the modern era Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic
science and mathematics flourished under the Islamic caliphate which was established across
the Middle East, extending from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and
to the Almoravid Dynasty and Mali Empire in the south. The Renaissance in Europe ushered
in a new age of scientific and intellectual inquiry and appreciation of ancient Greek and
Roman civilizations. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press, which
allowed works of literature to spread more quickly. The European Age of Empires saw
European ideas of education in philosophy, religion, arts and sciences spread out across the

12
globe. Missionaries and scholars also brought back new ideas from other civilizations – as
with the Jesuit India missions who played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge,
science, and culture between India and Europe, translating works from Europe like Euclid's
Elements for Chinese scholars and the thoughts of Confucius for European audiences. The
Enlightenment saw the emergence of a more secular educational outlook in Europe. In most
countries today, full-time education, whether at school or otherwise, is compulsory for all
children up to a certain age. Due to this the proliferation of compulsory education, combined
with population growth, UNESCO has calculated that in the next 30 years more people will
receive formal education than in all of human history thus far

Chapter IV:

Literature Review

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The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes
lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, travelling and additional
fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within
the service industry that includes lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise
line, travelling and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is an
industry that depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality
unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as
facility maintenance and direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers,
bartenders, management, marketing, and human resources etc.). Before structuring as an
industry, the historical roots of hospitality were in the western world in the form of social
assistance mainly for Christian pilgrims directed to Rome. For such a reason, the eldest public
hospital in Europe was the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia founded in Rome in the VIII
century A.D. on the model of the oriental world. The Indian tourism and hospitality industry
has emerged as one of the key drivers of growth among the services sector in India. Tourism
in India has significant potential considering the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety
in ecology, terrains and places of natural beauty spread across the country. Tourism is also a
potentially large employment generator besides being a significant source of foreign exchange
for the country. During January-October 2018 FEEs from tourism increased 8.30 per cent
year-on-year to US$ 23.54 billion. Market Size India is the most digitally-advanced traveller
nation in terms of digital tools being used for planning, booking and experiencing a journey,
India’s rising middle class and increasing disposable incomes has continued to support the
growth of domestic and outbound tourism. Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) increased to 8.36
million in January-October 2018, achieving a growth rate of 6.20 per cent year-on-year. The
travel & tourism sector in India accounted for 8 per cent of the total employment
opportunities generated in the country in 2017, providing employment to around 41.6 million
people during the same year. The number is expected to rise by 2 per cent annum to 52.3
million jobs by 2028. International hotel chains are increasing their presence in the country, as
it will account for around 47 per cent share in the Tourism & Hospitality sector of India by
2020 & 50 per cent by 2022 Investments During the period April 2000-June 2018, the hotel
and tourism sector attracted around US$ 11.39 billion of FDI, according to the data released
by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Government Initiatives The Indian
government has realised the country’s potential in the tourism industry and has taken several
steps to make India a global tourism hub. Some of the major initiatives planned by the
Government of India to give a boost to the tourism and hospitality sector of India are as

14
follows: Statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, also known as ‘State of Unity’, was inaugurated
in October 2018. It is the highest standing statue in the world at a height of 182 metre. It is
expected to boost the tourism sector in the country and put India on the world tourism map.
The Government of India is working to achieve 1 per cent share in world's international
tourist arrivals by 2020 and 2 per cent share by 2025. Under Budget 2018-19, the government
has allotted Rs 1,250 crore (US$ 183.89 million) for Integrated development of tourist circuits
under Swadesh Darshan and Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive
(PRASAD).

4.1 History

In the beginning, there was a fire at the hearth, a warm meal and a roof over one‘s head. Thus
begins the history of the hotel industry. People have been providing hospitality for weary
travellers since our ancestors inhabited the earth about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.

Some years down the line, in the age of antiquity, spas and bathhouses often provided
sleeping facilities and were popular attractions for those seeking rest and relaxation.

In medieval times, it was mostly cloisters and abbeys that provided travellers with
accommodation. It was also during this period that more and more inns and guesthouses were
opened on popular trade routes to provide food and lodging for travelling merchants and their
horses.

These were not hotels as we know them today. Hotel chains such as the “Ritz” only came into
being hundreds of years later and were a manifestation of the growing prosperity of
developing industrial nations.

The hotel industry, which always strove to meet a changing society’s needs and demands, has
meanwhile developed into a highly complex branch of the economy. Today, the hotel industry
includes all categories of establishments from inexpensive guesthouses to luxurious 5 star
hotels. Hotel management strategies have had to adapt to these developments and it could be
said that these strategies have even entered the realm of science. The demand for and the
choice of subjects that can be studied such as hotel or hospitality management  show the
increasing academisation of the hotel industry.

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 Travelling in the 20th century

The technological, economical and social developments in the 19 th and particularly the 20th
century lead to huge changes in the hotel industry. Travelling was no longer just for the
privileged upper classes. The invention of trains and automobiles as well as social benefits
such as holidays and reduced working hours made it possible for the average person to
indulge in travel.

The second half of the 20th century saw a huge economic boom in industrial nations which
lead to increased travel amongst the larger populace. It wasn’t just newly acquired wealth that
promoted more travel; the population explosion, urbanisation and demographic developments
all contributed to an increased desire to travel and the growth of the tourism and hotel
industry. As a consequence of this increased demand, many more guesthouses, hostels, motels
or international hotel chains that catered to various target groups and in different price
categories opened all over the world. Another development in the hospitality industry was the
categorisation of different types of hotels; to name just a few, there are now spa and wellness
hotels, sports hotels, seminar hotels, resorts, casino hotel and motels. In the US alone, 35,000
motels were built between 1939 and 1960.

The expansion of international air travel gave the hotel and tourism industry a further boost.
The cost of flight tickets has been on the decrease since the 1970s and, since the age of the so-
called “cheap airlines”, travel all over the world has become more affordable.

In comparison to other industries, the travel industry was quick to take advantage of the rise
of the internet and offer easy and inexpensive travel options. It is now possible for customers
to book, compare and review hotels, flights and car hires from the comfort of their homes.
Impacts on the hotel industry

As can be seen, the history and growth of the travel industry has not been linear; it has grown
exponentially. Rapid technological advances have made a huge impact on the industry in
more ways than one. It has been and continues to be difficult for hotels to keep up with the
pace of development. Established ways of doing things remained the same for centuries, then
decades and, finally, years. Today, changes have to be adapted to on a near daily basis.
However, the core business of the hotel industry has not changed significantly. Hotel guests in

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the 21st century may have different wants and needs to guests in the 18th century, but the basic
principles of the accommodation and hospitality industry have remained the same.

However, as circumstances surrounding the industry have changed, managing a hotel now
requires extensive knowledge of hotel and hospitality management. Knowing about business
management, online marketing, review and revenue management and much more is
indispensable to running a successful establishment.

Taking the rapidly increasing developments in the field into consideration, it is hardly
surprising that small hotels in particular find it difficult to cope with the huge demands of the
digital aspects of the hospitality industry.

4.2 Opportunities in Modern Hotel Industry

The digitalisation and academisation of the hotel industry does, however, present an
opportunity to distinguish yourself from your competitors by utilising these new technologies
in addition to applying hotel management knowledge.

Nobody can be an expert in all fields and it is well worth distributing some of the
responsibilities of hospitality managed onto other strong capable shoulders. As always, it is of
utmost importance to choose the right partners.

The hotel industry has come to a point in time where online reviews are often the decisive
factor when booking accommodation. Professional review management is vital if you don’t
want to fall behind in the competition with other hotels and online travel agencies.

By the early 21st century, international tourism had become one of the world’s most
important economic activities, and its impact was becoming increasingly apparent from the
Arctic to Antarctica. The history of tourism is therefore of great interest and importance. That
history begins long before the coinage of the word tourist at the end of the 18th century. In the
Western tradition, organized travel with supporting infrastructure, sightseeing, and an
emphasis on essential destinations and experiences can be found in ancient Greece and Rome,
which can lay claim to the origins of both “heritage tourism” (aimed at the celebration and
appreciation of historic sites of recognized cultural importance) and beach resorts. The Seven
Wonders of the World became tourist sites for Greeks and Romans.

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Pilgrimage offers similar antecedents, bringing Eastern civilizations into play. Its religious
goals coexist with defined routes, commercial hospitality, and an admixture of curiosity,
adventure, and enjoyment among the motives of the participants. Pilgrimage to the earliest
Buddhist sites began more than 2,000 years ago, although it is hard to define a transition from
the makeshift privations of small groups of monks to recognizably tourist practices.
Pilgrimage to Mecca is of similar antiquity. The tourist status of the hajj is problematic given
the number of casualties that—even in the 21st century—continued to be suffered on the
journey through the desert. The thermal spa as a tourist destination—regardless of the
pilgrimage associations with the site as a holy well or sacred spring—are not necessarily a
European invention, despite deriving its English-language label from Spa, an early resort in
what is now Belgium. The oldest Japanese onset (hot springs) were catering to bathers from at
least the 6th century. Tourism has been a global phenomenon from its origins.

Modern tourism is an increasingly intensive, commercially organized, business-oriented set of

activities whose roots can be found in the industrial and post-industrial West. The aristocratic
grand tour of cultural sites in France, Germany, and especially Italy—including those
associated with Classical Roman tourism—had its roots in the 16th century. It grew rapidly,
however, expanding its geographical range to embrace Alpine scenery during the second half
of the 18th century, in the intervals between European wars. (If truth is historically the first
casualty of war, tourism is the second, although it may subsequently incorporate pilgrimages
to graves and battlefield sites and even, by the late 20th century, to concentration camps.) As
part of the grand tour’s expansion, its exclusivity was undermined as the expanding
commercial, professional, and industrial middle ranks joined the landowning and political
classes in aspiring to gain access to this rite of passage for their sons. By the early 19th
century, European journeys for health, leisure, and culture became common practice among
the middle classes, and paths to the acquisition of cultural capital (that array of knowledge,
experience, and polish that was necessary to mix in polite society) were smoothed by
guidebooks, primers, the development of art and souvenir markets, and carefully calibrated
transport and accommodation systems.

4.3 Career scope in Hospitality Industry and Tourism

18
In essence, hospitality is made up of two services: the provision of overnight accommodation
for people travelling away from home, and options for people dining outside their home. We
refer to the accommodation and food and beverage services sectors together as the hospitality
industry. This chapter explores the accommodation sector, and the Chapter 4 details the food
and beverage sector.

Any use of tourism and visitor related terms has to recognise that tourism is, in essence, a
technical concept measured by the available statistics of visitor movements and expenditure
(demand) and estimates of the number of a wide range of visitor facilities (supply). As a
concept, tourism is inevitably open to different interpretations but it is now widely agreed that
there is an urgent need to tighten or achieve greater precision in the way that key tourism
terms are used nationally, regionally and locally. Planning and managing tourism when the
various stakeholders involved have different conceptions of what tourism means can only
ever be partially successful.                 

Tourism
Tourism is the generic term to cover both demand and supply that has been adopted in various
forms and used throughout the World.  Tourism is defined as the activities of persons
identified as visitors.  A visitor is someone who is making a visit to a main destination outside
his/her usual environment for less than a year for any main purpose [including] holidays,
leisure and recreation, business, health, education or other purposes

Visitors
Visitor is the common denominator that covers all the forms of tourism defined above for the
same range of purposes.  The term embraces three separate categories. 

   (1) Tourists who are visitors staying away from home for one or more nights for any of the
purposes noted above (domestic, or from abroad). 

   (2) Same Day visitors, also known as tourist day visitors spending at least 3 hours away
from home outside their usual environment for general leisure, recreational and social
purposes. Many are local residents of an area.

  (3) Leisure day visitors spending less than 3 hours away from home but outside their usual
environment, for general leisure, recreational or social purposes.  Not included (in the
published volume and value of tourism statistics in England), these short stay leisure day
19
visitors contribute directly to the local visitor economy and should also be formally
recognized in destination management decisions. Most of this third group of visitors are also
residents of destinations and their local catchment areas.

Tourism Industries The term ‘tourism industries’ is the internationally accepted

UNWTO/OECD definition of twelve standard industrial classifications of the sectors of the
economy that provide products/services consumed by visitors. The turnover due to tourism in
each of these sectors is measured by surveys of visitor expenditure, ie., from the demand side,
mostly in the private sector but including some public sector products/services. Although
convenient and in common usage by professionals, the media and politicians, there is no
accepted international or national definition of the term ‘tourism industry.’

Visitor Economy A term now widely used throughout the UK, although not yet officially
defined, visitor economy refers to overall demand and supply in all the sectors within which
visitor activity and its direct and indirect consequences upon the economy take place. The
term visitor economy is wider than the definition of tourism industries, which it includes, and
it encompasses all staying and non-staying visitors (including categories such as business day
visits and leisure day visits not currently measured as part of tourism industries).  The term
embraces the activities and expenditure involved in supplying products and services for
visitors by both the private and public sectors. It also includes the primarily public sector
activities and substantial expenditure on the creation, maintenance and development of the
public realm and the infrastructure within which, and through which, visitor activities take
place. Visitor economy can be used in relation to international, national and sub-national
geographical destinations or areas and need not necessarily be confined by existing historical
boundaries. ‘Tourism industries’ are, therefore, a sub-set of the visitor economy.  

Visitor destination/tourism destination Visitor destinations are places that are recognised as
visitor destinations and for which it is possible to measure aspects of the demand for and
supply of tourism services within defined boundaries. Visitor destination is preferred to
‘tourism destination’ because by definition it includes all categories of visitor. Typically such
destinations have some form of public/private sector organisation in place; they are promoted
as places to visit and have some form of management process in place for visitor related
purposes. At local level, destination boundaries in the UK are usually but not always
coterminous with one or more local authorities or designated parts of such administrative
areas, for example, National Parks. At regional level destination boundaries will always be a

20
combination of local authority administration areas.  At national level the boundaries are
those of the nation.  These levels reflect EU agreements on area administration. The UNWTO
simply defines the main destination of a tourism visit as “the place visited that is central to the
decision to take the trip.”

Destination Management Although widely used throughout the UK, Destination

Management is a relatively recent and loosely used concept still in the process of establishing
a formal definition. It is an agreed organisational process for leading, influencing and
coordinating management of the key aspects of a destination that contribute to a visitor's
experience having regard also for the needs of local residents, businesses and the
environment. Effective management requires measurement and planning and development
processes for the visitor economy of a destination as part of overall local authority plans.
Although private sector involvement is essential, effective destination management also
requires the active participation of local authorities and relevant public sector bodies. Visitor
economy related organisations are commonly referred to as Destination Management
Organisations or DMOs. While the management aspects are essential to optimise the potential
benefits in the visitor economy, most DMOs have historically been formed as marketing
organisations and some may not aspire to, or choose not to, encompass the management
elements noted above. Collectively these bodies are increasingly referred to as Destination
Organisations.

Public Realm Public realm is an accepted and widely used term in the UK for spaces mostly
freely available for use by the public (residents and visitors). Associated with commonly used
terms such as place shaping, place making or specialness of place, public realm includes the
costs and management of services that relate to the development and usage of spaces such as 
town and city centres, parks and gardens and scenic rural areas and most iconic buildings.
Such spaces are primarily the direct responsibility of local authorities funded by Government,
local business rates, council taxes on residents and an authority’s own revenue-earning
activities. Some aspects of public space provision are often also partly vested in other public
sector agencies working with local authorities. In conjunction with the public realm and local
authority planning, the private sector also owns and maintains most of the buildings and land
surrounding public spaces and in some cases the estate through which public access is
provided. In the wider context, public realm is always part of the local quality of life for

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residents; it defines the specialness and attractiveness of places, and influences inward
investment generally.

The act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and
pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism is a
product of modern social arrangements, beginning in Western Europe in the 17th century,
although it has antecedents in Classical antiquity. It is distinguished from exploration in that
tourists follow a “beaten path,” benefit from established systems of provision, and, as befits
pleasure-seekers, are generally insulated from difficulty, danger, and embarrassment.
Tourism, however, overlaps with other activities, interests, and processes, including, for
example, pilgrimage. This gives rise to shared categories, such as “business tourism,” “sports
tourism,” and “medical tourism” (international travel undertaken for the purpose of receiving
medical care).

4.4 Technology and the democratization of international tourism

Transport innovation was an essential enabler of tourism’s spread and democratization and its
ultimate globalization. Beginning in the mid-19th century, the steamship and the railway
brought greater comfort and speed and cheaper travel, in part because fewer overnight and
intermediate stops were needed. Above all else, these innovations allowed for reliable time-
tabling, essential for those who were tied to the discipline of the calendar if not the clock. The
gaps in accessibility to these transport systems were steadily closing in the later 19th century,
while the empire of steam was becoming global. Railways promoted domestic as well as
international tourism, including short visits to the coast, city, and countryside which might
last less than a day but fell clearly into the “tourism” category. Rail travel also made grand
tour destinations more widely accessible, reinforcing existing tourism flows while
contributing to tensions and clashes between classes and cultures among the tourists. By the
late 19th century, steam navigation and railways were opening tourist destinations from
Lapland to New Zealand, and the latter opened the first dedicated national tourist office in
1901.

After World War II, governments became interested in tourism as an invisible import and as a
tool of diplomacy, but prior to this time international travel agencies took the lead in easing
the complexities of tourist journeys. The most famous of these agencies was Britain’s Thomas
Cook and Son organization, whose operations spread from Europe and the Middle East across

22
the globe in the late 19th century. The role played by other firms (including the British tour
organizers Frame’s and Henry Gaze and Sons) has been less visible to 21st-century observers,
not least because these agencies did not preserve their records, but they were equally
important. Shipping lines also promoted international tourism from the late 19th century
onward. From the Norwegian fjords to the Caribbean, the pleasure cruise was already
becoming a distinctive tourist experience before World War I, and transatlantic companies
competed for middle-class tourism during the 1920s and ’30s. Between the World Wars,
affluent Americans journeyed by air and sea to a variety of destinations in the Caribbean and
Latin America.

Tourism became even bigger business internationally in the latter half of the 20th century as
air travel was progressively deregulated and decoupled from “flag carriers” (national airlines).
The airborne package tour to sunny coastal destinations became the basis of an enormous
annual migration from northern Europe to the Mediterranean before extending to a growing
variety of long-haul destinations, including Asian markets in the Pacific, and eventually
bringing post-communist Russians and eastern Europeans to the Mediterranean. Similar
traffic flows expanded from the United States to Mexico and the Caribbean. In each case
these developments built on older rail-, road-, and sea-travel patterns. The earliest package
tours to the Mediterranean were by motor coach (bus) during the 1930s and post-war years. It
was not until the late 1970s that Mediterranean sun and sea vacations became popular among
working-class families in northern Europe; the label “mass tourism,” which is often applied to
this phenomenon, is misleading. Such holidays were experienced in a variety of ways because
tourists had choices, and the destination resorts varied widely in history, culture, architecture,
and visitor mix. From the 1990s the growth of flexible international travel through the rise of
budget airlines, notably easyJet and Ryanair in Europe, opened a new mix of destinations.
Some of these were former Soviet-bloc locales such as Prague and Riga, which appealed to
weekend and short-break European tourists who constructed their own itineraries in
negotiation with local service providers, mediated through the airlines’ special deals. In
international tourism, globalization has not been a one-way process; it has entailed negotiation
between hosts and guests.

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4.5 Different career opportunities available for hospitality and tourism industry.

You may have heard that a career in hospitality and tourism is like constantly being on
holiday. You hang out in hotels, bars and restaurants all day, doing a bit of work here and
there, or you jet off around the world and help other people have a good time whilst topping
up your suntan. Alternatively, you may have heard that a job in hospitality and tourism is
always a stopgap. It’s just something you do in the holidays to earn a bit of extra cash.

Well, if that’s what you think, then we’re here to tell you that you’re wrong. Many people
pursue lifelong careers in hospitality and tourism. These careers can be exciting, challenging
and varied; however, they also require a lot of hard work and dedication.

So before you make the decision to get into hospitality and tourism, you should firstly
discover what it’s really all about.

Hospitality & tourism realities

It’s all about food, accommodation and drinks. It’s all about tourists, travelling, attractions
and customer service. Basically, hospitality and tourism is all about helping people enjoy
themselves when they’re out and about.

We encounter the people who work in hospitality and tourism all the time: when we go out
for a drink, when we grab a bite to eat, or when we go on a luxurious round-the-world trip,
staying in five-star hotels and flying business class (just for the record: we never do this, but
you get the point!). Our social lives and free time just wouldn’t be the same without the hard-
working people who dedicate their careers to this sector.

The main thing to know about careers in hospitality and tourism is that it’s never going to be
your typical nine-to-five job. The people who work in this sector really take one for the team
and work when other people are having fun. For instance, people who work in pubs and clubs
tend to work mainly in the evenings, and people who work in tourism are especially busy
when everyone is jetting off on their summer holidays.

Jobs in hospitality and tourism are all about providing friendly, efficient and attentive
customer service. Consequently, excellent communication skills, patience and a friendly
nature are essential for you to thrive in these industries. You really have to want to work in

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this sector to do it well. It’s a lot more difficult to be friendly and helpful if you’re not
enjoying yourself.

4.6 Hospitality & tourism options

Careers within hotels and accommodation can vary greatly depending on the kind of
establishment you work in. For instance, if you work in a youth hostel, your working life will
be very different to that of someone working in a five star resort. Depending on the size of the
organisation and what services they provide, you will be able to explore many different career
paths.

Every establishment requires managerial staff to oversee the general operations. Larger hotel
chains are also likely to employ financial staff, marketing departments, human resources and
administrative staff. Understandably, there are also many opportunities in the hotel and
accommodation industry for:

 Restaurant staff
 Chefs
 Cleaners
 Bar staff
 Concierges
 Kitchen assistants
 Customer service staff
 Entertainment organisers.

Careers in restaurants, catering and eateries are hugely dependent on the people doing the
cooking, slicing and dicing. Chefs, sous chefs, cooks, and kitchen staff are much sought after
individuals for their specialist skills. Eateries also require managerial staff to make the
important decisions and to ensure that the front-of-house team is working efficiently.

Understandably, waiters, bar staff and sometimes professional sommeliers are also required.
Larger restaurant chains also employ business managers and financial, human resources and
marketing staff.

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Careers in bars, pubs and clubs require staff to do the active bar work, but many managerial
positions are also available around the UK. People in management positions are likely to be
trained in ‘licensed retailing’ (employees with the responsibility of selling and authorising the
sale of alcohol are required to hold a licence to do so). Larger chains are also likely to provide
various options for careers in promotions and events organisation.

It seems like coffee houses, juice bars and other similar joints are springing up all over the
place. Evidently, these establishments are big business and many job opportunities are starting
to become available within these outfits, including baristas, juice operators and managerial
positions.

Conferences and cultural events require hospitality staff to ensure they run smoothly, from
customer service representatives to promotional teams and bar staff. Catering and hospitality
staff are also especially important within public service institutions, such as hospitals, schools
and universities.

The tourism industry incorporates many of the same careers as the hospitality industry.
However, many other careers impact on people’s tourist activity. People who work in travel
agencies and tourist information centres provide valuable services, which facilitates people’s
holiday experiences.

Their specialist knowledge of certain areas is greatly important in helping people to make the
most of their free time in new places. Admittedly, the internet and travel literature are
becoming increasingly popular alternatives to dealing with people face-to-face in these kinds
of establishments. However, if people want a slightly more personal touch when planning
their adventures, these guys are there to help.

Similarly, tour operators, tour guides, holiday reps and staff who work at tourist attractions
help people to make the most of their experiences. These kinds of roles are also especially
important within slightly more extreme areas of tourism, such as adventure sport holidays,
where people with specialist skills, and safety and technical knowledge are required.

Careers in passenger services are another important part of the tourism industry. Air cabin
crews and customer service staff on trains, ferries, cruise ships and coaches are essential for
helping people’s trips be as comfortable and enjoyable as possible.

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So careers in hospitality and tourism aren’t all about catching the rays and having a good time
while on the job, but they definitely aren’t always your average nine-to-five office job either!
If what you’ve read has caught your attention then travel towards the numerous career path
links related to this sector and find out if hospitality and tourism could be the industry for you.

4.7 The most preferred career choices of students in these industries.

If you are considering a job in the hospitality industry, one of your concerns might be which
jobs have the best pay in hospitality and related fields. Although pay is not the only reason for
choosing a career in hospitality. Many of the opportunities involve travel to new places and
the chance to work with exciting people. This is a large industry with opportunities for many
high paying positions. The hospitality industry is experiencing a rapid growth. It is an
industry that will not die as people always need a place to eat and sleep. The highest-paid
positions are for managers and directors who supervise staff at multiple facilities.

Let us now look at the top 10 highest paying positions in the Hospitality Industry:

1.     Casino Property General Manager

This position requires managing all aspects of their casino properties including operations,
staffing, and customer service. The current median salary for a casino property general
manager is $199, 559. The top 25 percent of these professionals earn $283, 649 or more.
Typical casino property general manager positions require a bachelor’s degree—at minimum
—and at least 12 years of experience in the field. In a casino, there is no clear path to be a
casino property general manager. Also, you need to get experience in the components of a
casino resort operation, hotel, convention, food, beverage, and entertainment.

2.     Regional Chef

Regional chefs direct the operations at multiple restaurants in hotel or resort properties. They
plan and create new recipes and menus, oversee budgetary issues and train executive chefs.
The median salary is more than $ 124, 000, but the top ten percent earn nearly $134, 000.
Corporate chefs, who have roughly the same responsibilities, procuring food through system
suppliers and training senior chefs, can earn $175, 000 including bonuses. Typical
regional chef jobs require a bachelor’s degree—at minimum—and at least 10 years of
experience in the industry.

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Top Courses in this Field

3.     Hotel Manager

These are the people who manage every operation within a hotel. The monetary benefit
attached to a manager job in the hotel industry is near $112, 400. Being a manager in any
industry is not easy. A hotel has many operational jobs like the housekeeping, the human
resources, the front desk etc. all of these or at least of the operations are to land under the
supervision of a manager. It is a job that requires quick thinking and the ability to organize
people. Typical hotel manager jobs require a bachelor’s degree—at minimum—and at least
seven years of experience in the industry.

4.     Restaurant Manager

The median salary for a regional restaurant manager is $95, 800 for overseeing the operations
of a restaurant. Responsibilities include hiring and training managers, as well as designing
sales plans. The restaurant is run by many operations like the waiting staff, the front desk, the
cleaning people and the kitchen. Typical regional restaurant manager positions require a
bachelor’s degree—at minimum—and at least seven years of experience in the field.
Restaurant managers of fine dining and super luxury restaurants are future General Managers
in making.

5.     Event Coordinator

The current median salary for a meeting/event manager is $78, 197. The top 25 percent of
these professionals earn $89, 672 or more for planning meetings and special events including
the coordination of amenities and accommodations, budgeting, and contract negotiation.

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Typical meeting/event manager positions require a bachelor’s degree and at least five years of
experience in the field.

6.     Head of Housekeeping

The current median salary for a head of housekeeping is $78, 056. Professionals in the top 25
percent of the field earn $91, 599 or more for directing the daily operations of a hotel, resort,
or casino’s housekeeping services department. Typical head of housekeeping jobs require a
high school diploma and at least seven years of experience in the industry.

7.     Chief Sommelier

They don’t only serve wines but engage you in the intricacies of wine making. In hotel or
restaurant, the job of Sommeliers is to share the wonderful knowledge they have with diners.
Due to the details and experience involved in this role, the Chief Sommelier is one of the best-
paid hospitality jobs in the world.

8.     Food and Beverage Director

The current median salary for a food and beverage director is $79, 527. Professionals in the
top 25 percent of the field earn $91, 714 or more for overseeing a hotel, casino, or restaurant’s
food and beverage planning service. Responsibilities include menu planning and budgeting,
as well as coordination of special events and marketing of food and beverage products.
Typical food and beverage director jobs require a bachelor’s degree—at minimum—and at
least eight years of experience in the industry.

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9.     Cabin Crew

Flight attendants, air hostesses, hosts etc come under this category. This is a highly
challenging job. The salary is high and the perks are unlimited however the hours are long. It
is ideal for those who love to travel and meet new people.

10.  Catering Manager

The catering manager plans and oversees food and beverage service for events at a facility.
This job involves training and scheduling catering staff, assisting with menu selection and
conveying customer needs to other personnel. A person working as a catering manager can
expect to earn a median salary of $42, 289 annually. Along with a degree in management, a
person working in this career would need a minimum of two years of experience in the field.

If there's one rule of thumb that should apply to the work force, it's this: Pleasant jobs call for
pleasant people. And as of late, one industry needs friendly folks more than ever.

The hospitality industry, including but not limited to hotels, restaurants and meeting venues,
is growing exponentially. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 12.4 million

30
people work in the hospitality industry today, making about 8.6 percent of all employment.
The hospitality industry is predicted to grow 17 percent between 2004 and 2014, adding more
than 2.2 million new jobs to the work force.

“When economic times are good, there is a lot of money out there, which can be devoted to
travel. People are more informed about things like wine or travel destinations than they were
20 years ago," says Jeffrey Catrett, dean of Kendall College's Les Roches School of
Hospitality Management. “That has developed a much larger hospitality leisure market."

Some people shy away from the hospitality industry for reasons such as long hours for little
pay, often unaware of benefits including opportunities for advancement and six-figure
incomes.

“The hospitality industry is a vibrant and glamorous field. A career in hospitality opens up
opportunities to earn a very good living with six-figure incomes, almost all-expenses-paid and
it offers a more dynamic work environment than most professions," Catrett says. “If you
consider the level of accommodation that companies provide for top managers, or even the
day-to-day perks that hotel and restaurant managers get for free, you find that the salaries are
very competitive with other industries."

4.8 Why hotel management can be a conscious career choice in India

The hotel Industry in India has been gaining momentum ever since the sluggish 2014 has
ended. For aspiring students, it is a good time to look for openings in the hotel industry or
pursue graduation in hotel management.  If everything related to the hotel industry has always
caught your eye, a successful career as a hotel manager awaits you! India in 2015 will gift the
aspirants more than a few reasons to follow their passion and make it big in the hotel industry,
say NSHM experts.

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Out of many other reasons, you might consider the following!

 The industry is expected to grow — Modi’s ‘Make in India’ is sure to bring in not
only international capital for the manufacturing industry but also would significantly
contribute to the country’s hotel and tourism industry. India is expected to receive
twenty-five million tourists by 2015 end!
 A passion driven industry— A significantly high dose of passion along with your soft
skills are needed to make a successful career in this industry. A lot can happen over a
coffee and thus, how you present things will be the key. . Institutes offering a compact
and comprehensive curriculum must include a good dose of industry training for better
results, urge NSHM teachers.
 Opportunities are ample— Along with a sudden boom in the industry, the demand for
qualified professionals has also gone up! Many reputed institutes offering a degree in
hotel management and those in the field have tied up to provide the best quality
training for passionate students. Not only the students are getting placed appropriately
but also they are getting reimbursed for their talent and skill. Hiring in Indian
hospitality industry is predicted to grow up by 40% by 2015 end.

Why a professional degree matters??

Well, having said all that, the fact still stands; you don’t need reasons to follow your heart!
For people to whom decorating homes, tables and dishes come naturally, a hotel management
degree is only a gate pass to the enchanting world of hotels. With many Indian and
international hotel giants looking forward to hiring only qualified talent, a degree would be
must before approaching them! The degree offered by our NSHM School of hotel
management provides an edge over the other similar courses in terms of their professional
approach and detailed curriculum which includes topics like hospitality marketing, hotel
accounting and hotel resource management.

4.9 The choices pattern of career among the students of different semesters

Hotel management is a service industry which focuses on serving the needs of its clients.
Training in hotel management develops niche working skills which are transferable in the
service industries. Hotel Managers are responsible for the efficient and profitable operation of
their establishments.

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Most hotels have key departments.

Hotel managers 

 Are responsible for the efficient and profitable operation of their establishments
 Controls all financial aspects
 Establishes norms of service to be provided to guests, the standard of housekeeping,
food quality, decoration and banquet operations

Assistant managers

 Oversee the day-to-day operations of their departments

 Resident managers (in large hotels) resolve problems or emergencies round the clock
 Under the supervision and guidance of the top management work the various
departmental managers 

Front office

Front office manager

 Oversees the work of receptionists, information clerk, reservation clerk and other
services personnel like bell captain, bell boy and doorman
 At the reception, the guest 'checks in' and are assisted to go with his baggage to the
room with bellboys in attendance
 Front Office Managers coordinate reservations and room assignments

Catering department

The Catering department includes: 

 The culinary department

 The steward department
 The food service department

Executive Chefs

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  Head each of these specialized kitchens under whose direction  the chef de parties 
turn out exquisite preparations and meals

The Assistant Managers

 Supervise service in the dining room and other areas of the operation

Stewards

 Head the restaurant arrangements

 See that everything is in order for the food service department. Under the Maitre d'
Hotel are the trained hotel personnel who serve and attend to the guests in the hotel
with drinks and food

Food and Beverage Manager

 Plans, organizes and controls the work of the catering department

 Deal with customers in all kinds of dining establishments from small informal diners
to large restaurants. The job is very hectic during parties and conventions

Restaurant and Food Service Managers

 Are responsible for stocks of tableware, linens, paper, cleaning supplies, cooking
utensils, and furniture and fixtures
 Arrange for equipment maintenance and repairs
 Maintain records of hours and wages of employees, payrolls, and taxes, etc. 

Banquet Managers

 In-charge of catering assignments

Housekeeping Department

Executive Housekeeper

 Responsible for ensuring that guest rooms, meeting and banquet rooms and public
areas are clean, orderly and well maintained

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  They train, schedule and supervise the work of housekeepers, inspect rooms and order
cleaning supplies
 They work with a team of housekeepers, maids, cleaners, seamstresses. Aesthetic
upkeep and maintenance of equipment is often a round the clock. Shift duties are
assigned to most of this staff

Floor Supervisors

 They supervise the work of room maids and linen maids and are in-charge of rooms
on a floor

Accounts Department

The Chief Accountant

 Is a chartered accountant, has a team of accountants, auditors, cashiers and accounting

clerks working in the department
 Works directly under the executive manager 

Marketing Department

 Sales and marketing division works to identify the needs of prospective customers and
sell the services which have been developed

Engineering Department

 Procures, installs and maintains all equipment used in hotels

Personnel Department

 Personnel departments engaged in the process of recruiting and training fresh

personnel as well as providing in service training
 It looks into the personnel needs and requirements of its employees

Forecasting Department

 Key role in the enhancement of profitability of business

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Projects growth in terms of business to arranging financial investments is the task of this
department

Skills required

 Attitude/ aptitude suitability

 Flair for creativity
 Liking for people
 Ability to shoulder responsibility
 Ability to work odd hours

 Outgoing and pleasant personality

 Capacity for hard work
 Flair and flamboyance along with discipline, commitment and dedication
 Team spirit

Employment Opportunities
Besides working in hotels, the job options hotel management diploma/degree holders have are
in:

 Restaurant management
 Fast food joint management
 Club management
 Recreation and health centre catering
 Cruise ship hotel management
 Hospital administration and catering
 Institutional and industrial catering
 Airline catering and cabin services
 Manufacturers and suppliers of hotel and restaurant equipment and services
 Hotel and catering institutes
 Hotel and tourism associations
 Catering departments in banks and insurance houses
 With government owned catering departments, e.g., railway, armed forces, ministerial
conventions, etc.

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  In food, confectionery, beverage production industries

Studying Hotel Management has a lot of perks, and not all of them are about free stays
in 7-star hotels. Some boost your career like never before!

Hat is the one occupation you can think of that lands you in a range of exciting job
opportunities, from ultra-modern 7-star hotels in Dubai to exotic resorts in the Caribbean,
travelling atop majestic ocean liners to exploring nature in an unprecedented way -- all the
while getting paid a handsome sum of money? The only plausible answer is the hospitality
sector.

Taking you beyond the humdrum existence of more commonplace jobs, the hospitality sector
has a lot to offer everyone, from industry professionals to aspiring business leaders. So, what
are the smart choices that give you an edge and make you worthy of the luxurious lifestyle
that the sector has to offer? Let's find out.

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4.10 Reasons you should opt to make a career in Hotel Management

1. Engaging in creative hobbies

The hospitality sector is known for its inventiveness while catering to its customers. The only
thing that adds value to your offerings is a unique perspective, setting it apart from others. Did
you know that by merely engaging yourself in arts you can hone your presentation skills,
using vivid colours that add better contrast to your culinary masterpiece? Such possibilities in
Hotel Management go beyond one's imagination. All your career needs is a unique hobby that
adds quality to what you do, just like a pinch of salt that gives food its flavour.

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2. Social media

With social media going big, creating a brand out of oneself has become easier than it once
used to be. There's no point in denying that it can instantly fetch you much needed
recognition, but this demands certain skills including spotting trends, generating content,
scriptwriting, and video editing. Leveraging the social media opportunity with these skills can
surely get you ahead of the curve.

3. Training programmes

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A few hotel chains such as Oberoi, ITC, and Taj also run management training programmes
which provide the perfect confluence of classroom studies and job training experience. After
completion of the programme, students get absorbed into the chain at a junior management
level. This gives a considerable boost and advances their career by 5 to 7 years.

4. Co-working offices

The hospitality sector is best known for the enormous capital inflow during business
establishment, whether it is operating on a B2B or a B2C model. This is further followed by
considerable cost of operations, adding a high threshold for new players to enter the domain.
This disadvantage has been eliminated with the rise of plug-and-play workplaces and fully-
managed offices. They not only trim down the operational costs, but completely eliminate the
capital lock-in that businesses experience while setting up their offices.

On top of this, they also provide end-to-end services including IT support, front desk support,
legal services, and hi-tech meeting rooms. Such offices also come in quite handy during
business expansion as additional offices or workstations can be booked as per the emerging
requirement. This gives aspiring entrepreneurs in Hotel Management an opportunity to go
beyond their financial constraints and build prospects in the burgeoning hospitality industry.

40
5. Sports activities and volunteering

Collaboration is very important, more so in Hotel Management, where different divisions

have to work in tandem with each other while maintaining acute precision in service to the
end-customer. A good way to enhance your collaboration is by engaging yourself in team
sports and volunteering. Such activities not only give a boost to your teamwork, but also
increase your effective network and come across as a bright spot on the CV in the eyes of a
recruiter.

Hotel Management wasn't a lucrative option a decade or two ago. It had very limited avenues
and only students from renowned government institutions (majorly in Delhi, Mumbai, and
Jaipur) such as IHM were cherry-picked by hospitality chains. Hotel Management graduates,
therefore, had no option other than joining call centres and BPOs which offered them about
three to four times higher remunerations as compared to the hospitality industry.

Today, the grand scheme of things has changed. India now has over 750 institutes diving into
Hotel Management and other interrelated topics including catering and culinary skills tourism
besides others. Professionals in the hospitality industry as well are receiving some of the most
lucrative salaries and the perks of their classy lifestyle only increase as they climb up the
corporate hierarchy.

Since prominent hotels are expanding their presence across multiple geographies and new
business opportunities are emerging for aspiring entrepreneurs, the choices that you make

41
today as a Hotel Management student are going to be the ones that will give your career the
much needed boost, may it be a travelling chef or owner of the next emerging business in the
realm of hospitality.

A cardinal part of hospitality industry, hotel management has wide employment opportunities.
Moreover, with globalisation gaining acceptance with more and more countries, the hotel
management industry is truly becoming global. As hotel chain owners are opening new hotels
in various big and small cities, requirement for trained hotel management professionals is
huge. Although considered one of the most glamorous careers, hotel management requires
professionals who can keep their cool even in the most challenging situations.

Hotel management can include Hotel & Restaurant management, Cruise Ship Hotel
management, Hospital Administration and Catering, Hotel and Tourism Associations, Airline
Catering and Cabin Services, Club management, Forest Lodges, Guest Houses amongst
others. Expansion of global travel industry and aviation industry is expected to boost hotel
industry in next couple of years.

4.11 Step-by-Step

There are multiple job profiles in hotel management and depending upon the candidates'
education, work experience, the positions are offered. However, in order to work in top level
or middle-level management candidates must have a degree in travel management. Whereas
some hotels hire graduates straight from universities, some other hotels hire only trained hotel
management graduates. Candidates can do degree course in hotel management soon after
10+2 which are offered by various hotel management institutes

The minimum selection criteria for an undergraduate course in hotel management is 10+2
with 50% marks.  However, candidates who do not have 50% marks in +2 can do diploma or
certificate course in hotel management which are being offered by various institutes.
Additionally, some hotels provide training cum job placement and candidates who do not
have other options can opt for it. Indian hotel management institutes conduct entrance exams
before selecting the candidates for various courses.

42
Start Early

Students looking for a career in hotel management should have strong communication skills,
reasoning skills, numerical aptitude and pleasing personality. Therefore, if some candidate is
lacking in these skills, he must inculcate them in him and for that starting early definitely
helps. Many students start preparing for entrance exams conducted by IHMs soon after their
10th board. Similarly, those who wish to go for higher studies in hotel management can do
Masters in Hotel Management; for MHM the person is required to have BHM.

Is it the Right Career for Me?

Before jumping to any decision to select hotel management as a career option, it is always
advised to analyse pros and cons, growth prospects, matching of work-profile with personality
traits, etc. If the candidate is not willing to work in various profiles he may not be suitable for
it as in hotel management an employee may be asked to work in management, food and
beverage service, housekeeping, front office operation, sales and marketing, accounting or
any other department depending upon the specific requirement.

What would it Cost Me?

Depending upon the rank and reputation of hotel management college the fee is charged from
candidates. Whereas Garden City College at Bangalore charges around Rs 3,50,000 for  the
three year graduate course, Christ College in the same city ask candidates to pay Rs 48,0000
per semester for 4 year BHM course. Similarly, a graduate course in hotel management at
IHM Chennai can cost Rs 37,500 per semester. Students who are not willing to shell hefty
amount on the courses from top notch hotel management institute may go for diploma courses
offered by the same institutes.

Funding/Scholarship

Most of the hotel management institutes offer merit based concessions on fees to eligible
candidates. Similarly, some institutes provide discounts to sponsored candidates who come
for training. Junior Research Fellowship is offered to those candidates who are willing to
explore their career in academics. Students looking for external funding can apply for low
interest rate loan offered by most of the nationalised banks like Allahabad Bank, Bank of
Baroda, PNB, IDBI, etc. Students of all the hotel management institutes which are affiliated

43
with AICTE are eligible to get a loan of Rs 7.50 lakh for studying in India and Rs 15 lakh to
study outside India. The low interest rate education loan can be repaid in 5-7 years of duration
in equal instalments starting one year after the completion of the course.

Job Prospects

Hotel management like any other sector is subject to the state of national economy and global
economy. When the economy is doing well jobs come a lot in the sector. Currently there are
more than 2.40 million people working in hotel, catering and allied industry in India and the
number is going to increase in next couple of years as new hotels are coming up in large
numbers in urban and semi-urban areas. Trained hotel management professionals would have
privilege over untrained graduates as hotels are not willing invest in training of recruits rather
prefer trained ones.

Pay Packet

Remuneration in hotel management industry differs depending upon the hotel management
institute the candidate passed out from, work experience, skills and ability to handle tough
situations. Those who come from top notch hotel management institutes such as IHM receive
starting salary of Rs 20,000 or more. Similarly, candidates with diploma or certification
programs can get salaries starting from Rs 8,000 to 10,000 . Again the salary package differs
a lot on the size and shape of the employment company. Large hotel chains offer attractive
remuneration and pamper their employees.

Demand and Supply

India not only has mismatch in terms of hotel room supply and demand but in terms of
professionals required to manage hotels. Whereas the demand is much higher than the
existing 1,14,000 hotel rooms across all categories, India is facing acute shortage of trained
hotel staff. The situation in the 19th Commonwealth Games in Delhi shows the real picture
wherein owing to dearth of trained hotel management professionals things were in sad state of
affairs. Job prospects for hotel management graduates are expected to grow as new hotels
would come up in next couple of years thanks to promotional offers from government. The
shortage of trained human resource in hotel industry is advantageous to hotel management
graduate who can bargain for high salary.

44
Market Watch

The current state of hotel industry shows that India is being seen as a lucrative destination for
hotel chains looking for growth. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, India is
18th popular business travel destination and in next couple of years it would in top five. With
shortage of hotel rooms, dearth of trained hotel management professionals, a lot needs to be
done. With incentives coming from the Government of India, real estate developers and
hoteliers are trying to build new hotels which would further the supply and increase the job
opportunities for young hotel management graduates.

International Focus

Hilton hotel chain, Ramada hotel chain, Hyatt hotel chain, La Quinta hotel chain, Marriott
hotel chain, Radisson hotel chain, Days Inn hotel chain, Best Western hotel chain, etc  offer
attractive career option for hotel management graduates from top notch hotel management
institutes. Hotel management graduates working in the USA hotels get minimum salary in the
range of US$ 6000 to 7000. Many hotels in the USA provide high paying part-time jobs at
various positions.

Positives/Negatives

Despite being known as one of the most glamorous careers there are various flipsides of
working in hotel industry and one of them is hotel industry too like any other industry is
subjected to the overall state of economy; therefore, it gets affected if the economy is not
doing well and travellers are not frequenting the hotel. Similarly, new jobs come at the place
of existing jobs as working professionals either are given new responsibilities at new hotel or
they retire.  Handling pressuring situation with cool and poise is mandatory for hotel
professionals. Long working hours, rude responses from customers, hectic timings, etc are
some major drawbacks of career in hotel management.

Different Roles, Different Names

 General Managers: Such professionals are responsible for all operations in a hotel.
 Resident Managers: Bestowed with the job to be available at just a call away.
 Executive Housekeepers: These professionals are expected to ensure cleanliness in
the hotel.

45
  Front Office Managers: Most of the hotels own front desk, Front Office Managers
manage the same.
 Convention Services Managers: These professionals work in close coordination with
client and the conferencing facilities offered by the hotel for various conventions,
meetings, seminars, etc.

 Tips for Getting Hired

There are no shortcuts for successful career in hospitality industry; particularly, hotel
management industry is open only for talented management professionals who can show their
capabilities and calibre. The best way to get in hotel management is to do a degree course and
if degree cannot be pursued, do a certification. An internship with some hotels helps a lot to
candidates as it provides practical experience and right exposure to candidates. There are
some paid internships and some non-paid internships available for hotel management
graduates. Some hotels even hire simple graduates and hone their skills in hotel management.

Top Companies

Hotel management jobs coming from top notch hotels in India offer attractive career and
growth prospects. Some of the leading hotel chains in India are as follows:

 Ambassador Group of Hotels 

 Mansingh Group of Hotels 
 Oberoi Group of Hotels 
 Peerless Group of Hotels 
 Sarovar Park Group of Hotels 
 Sinclairs Group of Hotels
 Best Western Group of Hotels 
 Casino Group of Hotels 
 Clarks Group of Hotels 
 Fortune Park Group of Hotels 
 ITDC Group of Hotels 
 Jaypee Group of Hotels
 K Raheja Group of Hotels 

46
  Le Meridien Group of Hotels 
 Taj Group of Hotels 
 Tulip Star Group of Hotels 
 Welcome Heritage Group of Hotels 
 Holiday Inn Group of Hotels 
 HRH Group of Hotels
 ITC Group of Hotels 

Top Institutes

Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Hotel Management, Chandigarh

 Institute of Hotel Management,  Jodhpur

 Institute of Hotel Management,  Kolkata 
 Institute of Hotel Management,  Lucknow
 Institute of Hotel Management,Gandhinagar
 Institute of Hotel Management, Bangalore
 Institute of Hotel Management, Bhopal
 Institute of Hotel Management, Bhubaneswar
 Institute of Hotel Management, Chennai
 Institute of Hotel Management, New Delhi 
 Delhi Institute of Hotel Management,  New Delhi 
 Institute of Hotel Management, Gangtok 
 Institute of Hotel Management, Goa
 Institute of Hotel Management, Catering & Applied Nutrition,  Dehradun
 Institute of Hotel Management, Gurdaspur 
 Institute of Hotel Management, Guwahati 

47
The career prospects in these industries.

Few of the career options are working in travel agencies, Customer Ground Handling
(customer service) at international or domestic airports, tour operator, event manager,
ticketing officer, adventure tourism expert, transport officer, holiday consultant, logistics,
cruises, airlines, hotels, and tourism departments .

The travel and tourism industry, along with the related sectors contributing to it, is expected
to grow in leaps and bounds in the coming years. A job in this industry can be highly exciting
and adventurous and even pays well. In India, the travel industry hopes to create 46 million
job opportunities by 2025. Though it was slow to take off in this country, the government's
initiatives in this field are uncovering a bright future for those who want to make a career in
this field.

India's potential in the field of travel and tourism is hardly close to being fulfilled. The
country is a geographical anomaly, having almost all the geographical features available.
According to a report published by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), India
could possibly add another Rs. 8, 50,000 crores by the year 2020-just through tourism!
WTTC calculated that tourism generated 8.31 lakh crore or 6.3 per cent of the nation's GDP in
2015 and supported 37.315 million jobs, which is about 8.7 per cent of its total employment.

Career options in travel and tourism: "Students have endless career opportunities in the
fastest growing industry of travel," says Rashmi Samarvir Arora, Owner of Costa Training
Institute, Mumbai (Hub Partner for Travel & tourism, TISS SVE).

"Few of the career options are working in travel agencies, Customer Ground Handling
(customer service) at international or domestic airports, tour operator, event manager,
ticketing officer, adventure tourism expert, transport officer, holiday consultant, logistics,
cruises, airlines, hotels, and tourism departments in government and private sectors," she
adds.

The travel and tourism industry provides various job roles:

48
49
50
4.12 Important features of the travel and tourism industry:

 Travel and tourism is the largest earner of foreign exchange world-wide and employs
millions of people directly or indirectly through associated service industries

 This industry includes everything from the government tourism departments and
major multinational companies to the small scale private travel agents

 While working in this industry, one provides services to people who are traveling for
business or holiday or both, thus catering to tour packages, pilgrim travel, adventure
travel or casual sightseeing

 At almost every point of work in this field, employees need to interact personally with
the customers and understand their needs while making them comfortable, so as to be
able to provide the best service in terms of travel options and arrangements

Perks and payment:

Salary is pretty good in the travel and tourism industry. Moreover, you get added perks such
as free travel or reduced rates for you and your family. Salaries are higher in foreign based
airlines or travel agencies. Peak seasons might bring added bonuses and commission.

Courses in travel and tourism:

Experience is the most important factor in this field. However, there are many colleges,
universities and private institutes that offer Bachelor's or Master's degrees, diplomas,
certificates or distance learning courses in various sectors of travel and tourism such as
management in tourism, travel or hotels, tour operation or airline management, destination
management, airline ticketing, travel administration etc.

 You can join an undergraduate course right after completing class 12

 The Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India approved post-graduation degree in this field
is a two-year full time programme which gets you an MTA degree, a Master of
Tourism Administration. Certain universities such as the Indian Institution of Tourism
and Travel offer this degree

51
  A post graduate degree can be helpful in getting into Positions as managers or in
administration need a post graduate degree

 Short term training programmes are offered by many travel agencies. Most candidates
are absorbed

 You can also opt for vocational courses to get a B Voc degree.

"Costa Training Institute HUB Partner of TISS has designed both short- term & long - term
job oriented courses in Travel & Tourism to supply skilled work force to the travel industry.
Short - term courses like Certificate in Tour Operations & Destination Marketing give
complete knowledge to students & make them ready to work in Travel field," says Arora.

Required skill set:

Keeping in view the expected boom, the travel and tourism industry needs to focus on
developing an efficient infrastructure and increase the intake of skilled personnel.

"Skills required could include knowledge of Computer reservation systems (CRS- Amadeus,
Galileo, Sabre & Abacus) ,Air fares and ticketing skills, Language skills, Selling skills,
experience of handling money & foreign currencies, Customer service, Travel agency
management and  travel & tourism geography knowledge," says Arora.

 Anyone working in the travel and tourism industry needs to ideally be armed with
knowledge of the global culture and all aspects of travel business

 He/she also needs to be completely aware of how to ensure customer satisfaction,

while managing a large volume of business

 A strong knowledge in history, geography, art and architecture of India are preferred

 Employees in this industry need to be skilled, confident, well-groomed, should be able

to handle people very well, and possess good interpersonal skills

 It is preferable that employees know at least one foreign language apart from English

 A diploma in public relations or advertising would prove to be helpful in building a

career
52
  Employees must be ready to work long or odd hours

 Employees must be completely aware and up-to-date on all the rules and regulations
concerning ticket booking or reservation, passports, visas, cargo and even fines where
applicable, so that they can assist in getting paperwork and documentation done

Promotion and employment aspects are bright in this field as of now because not many skilled
employees are available. One can even plan to start their own business or start-up in travel
and tourism by taking on additional employees and partners.

53
CHAPTER IV:

Data Analysis & Interpretation

Survey Conducted on 30
Respondent Received 30
Percentage of Responses used 100%

Age

Below 18

19-25

25-30

30-40

Above 40 

Below 18 19-25 Years 25-30 Years 30-40 Above 40

10%

7%

50%

33%

Interpretation:

54
From the above Pie Chart we can interpreted that the maximum age group of the
respondents are from of below and equals to 18 years which is 50% of total sampling and
the second highest is 33% from age group 19 to 25 years. The least respondents are above
“30-40 years” which 10 % and other are “25 to 30 years” which is 7% and there are no
respondents from more than 40 age group.

Q1. Would you prefer a career in hospitality rather than others engineering, medical, etc.?

Table :1 Would you prefer a career in hospitality rather

than others engineering, medical, etc.?
YES 67%
NO 16%%
May Be 17%%

Would you prefer a career in hospitality rather than others engineering,

medical, etc.?
Yes No May be

17%

17%

67%

2. What would you prefer for pursuing career in hospitality sector?

Degree

Diploma

55
 Other

What would you prefer for pursuing career in hospitality sector?

Degree Diploma Other

10%

50%

40%

3.  Do you think that career in hospitality sector will be a great in future?

Yes

No

May be

56
 Do you think that career in hospitality sector will be a great in future?
Yes No May be

7%

33%

60%

4. How many career options you have heard of which comes under hospitality sector?

Airlines 

Hotels

Hospitals

Cruise Ships

Retail

57
How many career options you have heard of which comes under hospitality sector?

Airlines Hotels Hospitals Cruise Ships Reatils

10%
23%

13% 40%

13%

5. Why will you prefer the hospitality sector over other career options?

guest interaction

want to go for something different

brings out your personality

provides a secure future

58
 Why will you prefer the hospitality sector over other career options?

Guest Interaction Want to go for something different

brings out your personality provides a secure future

13%

40%

27%

20%

6. Do you think the hospitality sector plays a role an important role in employment
generation?

Yes

No

May be

59
 Do you think the hospitality sector plays a role an important role in employment
generation?
Yes No May Be

17%

53%

30%

7. How often do you visit hotel annually?

Once a year

Once in 3 months

Once in a month

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 How often do you visit hotel annually?
Once a year Once in 3 month Once in a month

27%
33%

40%

8. What are the specific reasons behind your visit or short stay in a hotel?

Family vacation lodging

Business official trips lodging

Dining out in restaurant & Bars run by the Hotel management

Recreation facilities, etc.

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 What are the specific reasons behind your visit or short stay in a hotel?
Family vacation lodging
Business official trips lodging
Dining out in restaurant & Bars run by the Hotel management
Recreation facilities, etc.

10%

33%
17%

40%

9. What do you look for in a hotel in any case, be it 2, 3 & 5 Star hospitality services?

Customer Services

Good Food, Restaurants & Bars

Room Space, Hygiene, Privacy, Location

Luxury Services, Brands etc.

62
What do you look for in a hotel in any case, be it 2, 3 & 5 Star hospitality services?
Customer Services Good Food, Restaurants & Bars
Room Space, Hygiene, Privacy, Location Luxury Services, Brands etc.

27%
30%

23%
20%

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Chapter VI:

Findings & Recommendations

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the students’ perceptions of importance with
reference to influencing factors of their career options in the Hospitality Department of a
polytechnic college in India. A convenience sampling technique was adopted in this study.
The study result was derived from a survey of 372 students. The questionnaire comprised
items relating to factors influencing students when they made their career decision.
Descriptive statistics, T-test, and a factor analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0. It was
discovered that more students made their own career choice with less influence from
traditional values and family members. It was also shown there was generally no statistically
significant difference between male and female students; however, a difference between
freshmen and sophomore respondents was found for some items. Additionally, this study
identified five underlying contributory factors. “Students self-efficacy and occupational
aspiration” was the most important factor to influence the students’ career decision, followed
by “tradition and cultural value”, “career guidance”, “support from parents”, and “external
consultation”. Finally, discussion of the findings and limitations of this study were presented
and possible suggestions were given for both hospitality educators and professionals.

64
 Only a small percentage of HTM graduate students elect to find employment in hotels;
it is interesting to note a large percentage of these working graduates choose to leave for jobs
in other industries shortly after working in hotels. Therefore, it is paramount to address this
aspect of human resource challenges in order to help hotels in India to attract and retain
qualified HTM graduates.

Hotel Management is an upcoming global industry & has a multi-focused approach. It is

flourishing in big as well as small cities. It prepares students to work at the hotels, resorts,
cruise liners, aviation and casinos. At hotels, hotel management graduates may engage in
managing functions such as housekeeping, front office, food production and administration.
Hotel Management aspirants can specialize in fields like Hospitality Marketing Strategy,
Culinary Theory and Practice, Hotel Operations, Hospitality Franchising, Hospitality
Technology & Financial Analysis in Hospitality Industry.

Below I am providing you with few entrance examination and colleges from where you can
purse Bsc/BA in Hotel Management and these are not exhaustive list.

1) Oberoi Centre and Learning Development

Entrance Exam- OBEROI STEP

Programs offered-

· Guest Service Management

· Housekeeping Management

· Kitchen Management

2) Institute of Hotel Management, (Taj) Aurangabad

Entrance Exam- IHM- A

Programs offered-

· BA in Hotel Management

65
· BA in Culinary Arts

3) ITC Welcomegroup Manipal

This college doesn’t conduct any entrance exam for admissions and aspirants are offered
admission on the basis of their marks in the qualifying exam.

Programs offered

· BA in hotel Management

4) National Council of Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Entrance Exam – NCHMCT JEE

Programs offered-

· BSc in Hospitality and Hotel Administration

· Diploma in Food Production

· Diploma in Food and Beverage Service

· Diploma in Front Office

· Diploma in House Keeping

· Diploma in Bakery and Confectionery

5) International Institute of Hotel Management

Entrance Exam- IIHM eCHAT

Programs offered-

· BA in Hospitality Management

· Advanced Diploma in International Hospitality Administration

· BSc in Hotel Management, Catering & Tourism.

66
Chapter VII:

Conclusion

The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes
lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, travelling and additional
fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is an industry that depends on the
availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant,
hotel, or an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance and
direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, management,
marketing, and human resources etc.). Before structuring as an industry, the historical roots
of hospitality were in the western world in the form of social assistance mainly for Christian
pilgrims directed to Rome. For such a reason, the eldest public hospital in Europe was the
Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia founded in Rome in the VIII century A.D. on the model of
the oriental world. The Indian tourism and hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key
drivers of growth among the services sector in India. Tourism in India has significant
potential considering the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety in ecology, terrains and
places of natural beauty spread across the country. Tourism is also a potentially large
employment generator besides being a significant source of foreign exchange for the country.
During January-October 2018 FEEs from tourism increased 8.30 per cent year-on-year to
US$ 23.54 billion. Market Size India is the most digitally-advanced traveller nation in terms
of digital tools being used for planning, booking and experiencing a journey, India’s rising
middle class and increasing disposable incomes has continued to support the growth of
domestic and outbound tourism. Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) increased to 8.36 million in
January-October 2018, achieving a growth rate of 6.20 per cent year-on-year. The travel &
tourism sector in India accounted for 8 per cent of the total employment opportunities
generated in the country in 2017, providing employment to around 41.6 million people during
the same year. The number is expected to rise by 2 per cent annum to 52.3 million jobs by
2028. International hotel chains are increasing their presence in the country, as it will account
for around 47 per cent share in the Tourism & Hospitality sector of India by 2020 & 50 per
cent by 2022 Investments During the period April 2000-June 2018, the hotel and tourism
sector attracted around US$ 11.39 billion of FDI, according to the data released by
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).

67
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essay.php

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APPENDIX

List of tables and charts

Questio Topic
n
Number
1 Age Group

2 Would you prefer a career in hospitality rather than others engineering,

medical, etc.?
3 What would you prefer for pursuing career in hospitality sector?

4 Do you think that career in hospitality sector will be a great in future?

5 How many career options you have heard of which comes under
hospitality sector?
6 Why will you prefer the hospitality sector over other career options?

7 Do you think the hospitality sector plays a role an important role in

employment generation?
8 Do you think by enhancing the food by adding variations in the food will
increase the attention towards fusion food?
9 How often do you visit hotel annually?

10 What are the specific reasons behind your visit or short stay in a hotel?

11 What do you look for in a hotel in any case, be it 2, 3 & 5 Star hospitality
services?

69
CERTIFICATE

Certification that the research project titled “A case study on Career Scope in Hospitality &
Tourism Education for hotel management graduate” is the bonafide record of work
carried out by SAGAR BAISOYA NCHMCT Roll No. :-1741301032(2017-20)for final
year B.Sc. Hospitality and Hotel Administration studying at Ashok Institute of Hospitality &
Tourism Management, ITDC, New Delhi.

_____________________

Research Coordinator

Place ___________ Date ____________

70