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BEERMATS
arsenico 1 H3AsO3 5,6 .10-3 stannico H2SnO3 4 .10-10
arsenico 2 H2AsO3- 1,7 .10-7 solfidrico 1 H 2S 1 .10-7
arsenico 3 HAsO32- 3,9 .10-12 solfidrico 2 HS- 1 .10-19
arsenioso HAsO2 6 .10-10 solforico 2 HSO4- 1,1 . 10-2
azotidrico HN3 2,6 .10-5 solforoso 1 H2SO3 1,5 .10-2
borico 1 H3BO3 5,8 .10-10 solforoso 2 HSO3- 6,5 .10-8
borico 2 H2BO3- 1,8 .10-13 tellurico 1 H2TeO4 6 .10-7
borico 3 HBO32- 1,6 .10-14 tellurico 2 HTeO4- 2 .10-8
carbonico 1 H2CO3 4,3 .10-7 telluridrico 1 H2Te 2,3 .10-3
carbonico 2 HCO3- 5,6.10-11 telluridrico 2 HTe- 1 .10-11
cianico HCNO 3,5 .10-4 telluroso 1 H2TeO3 7 .10-7
cianidrico HCN 7,2 .10-10 telluroso 2 HTeO3- 4 .10-9
cloroso HClO2 1,1 .10-2 tetraborico 1 H 2 B4 O 7 7,9 . 10-7
cromico 1 H2CrO4 1,8 .10-1 tetraborico 2 HB4O7- 7,7 . 10-15
cromico 2 HCrO4- 3,2 .10-7 tiocianico 1 HCNS 7.9 . 10-2
fosforico 1 H3PO4 7,5 .10-3 tiosolforico 2 HS2O3- 1 . 10-2
fosforico 2 H2PO4- 6,2 .10-8 tungstico 1 H2WO4 2,5 . 10-4
fosforico 3 HPO42- 2,2 .10-13 Vanadico 1 H3WO4 1,0 . 10-4
fosforoso 1 H3PO3 1,0 .10-2 Vanadico 2 H2WO4- 2,8 . 10-9
fosforoso 2 H2PO3- 2,6 .10-7 Vanadico 3 HWO42- 5,0 . 10-15
fluoridrico HF 6,9 .10-4
germanico 1 H2GeO3 2,6 .10-9
germanico 2 HGeO3- 1,9 .10-13
1,7 .10-1
O
iodico HIO3
Cationi Stadio Ka
ipobromoso HBrO 2,1 .10-9
metallici
ipocloroso HClO 3,0 .10-8
ipoiodoso HIO 2,3 .10-11
iponitroso 1 H2N2O2 9 .10-8 Ag+ 1,2 .10-12
iponitroso 2 HN2O2- 1 .10-11 Al3+ 1,4 .10-5
iposolforoso 1 H2S2O4 4,3 .10-1 Au3+ 3,2 .102
iposolforoso 2 HS2O4- 3,2 .10-3 Ba2+ 3,0 .10-14
molibdico 1 H2MoO2 5,7 .10-5 Be2+ 6,3 .10-7
molibdico 2 HMoO2- 5,8 .10-9 Bi3+ 7,9 .10-2
nitroso HNO2 4,5 .10-4 Ca2+ 1,6 .10-13
periodico HIO4 2,3 .10-2 Ce4+ 1,3 .101
pirofosforico 1 H4P2O7 1,2 .10-1 Cd2+ 7,9 .10-11
pirofosforico 2 H3P2O7- 4,9 .10-3 Co2+ 1,3 .10-9
pirofosforico 3 H2P2O72- 2,5 .10-7 Cr2+ 1,0 .10-10
pirofosforico 4 HP2O73- 4,8 .10-10 Cr3+ 1,5 .10-4
selenico 2 HSeO4- 1,2 .10-2 Cu+ 5 .10-13
selenidrico 1 H2Se 1,5 .10-4 Cu2+ 1,6 .10-7
selenidrico 2 HSe- 1,1 .10-15 Fe2+ 1,7 .10-7
selenioso 1 H2SeO3 2,7 .10-3 Fe3+ 6,3 .10-3
selenioso 2 HSeO3- 5 .10-8 Ga3+ 2,5 .10-3
silicico 1 H2SiO3 2 .10-10 Hf4+ 6,3 .10-1
silicico 2 HSiO3- 1 .10-12 Hg2+ 2,6 .10-4
In3+ 1,0 .10-4 lattico 8,4 .10-4
K+ 3,2 .10-15 maleico 1 1,42 .10-2
La3+ 3,2 .10-9 maleico 2 8,57 .10-7
Li+ 2,5 .10-14 malonico 1 1,49 .10-3
Lu2+ 2,5 .10-8 malonico 2 2,03 .10-6
Mg2+ 4,0 .10-12 ossalico 1 5,90 .10-2
Mn2+ 2,7 .10-11 ossalico 2 6,40 .10-5
Na+ 6,3 .10-15 propionico 1,34 .10-5
Ni2+ 2,5 .10-11 succinico 1 6,89 .10-5
Np4+ 3,2 .10-2 succinico 2 2,47 .10-6
Pa4+ 6,3 .100 α tartarico 1 1,04 .10-3
Pb2+ 2,0 .10-8 α tartarico 2 4,55 .10-5
Pu3+ 1,0 .10-7 tereftalico 3,1 .10-4
Pu4+ 3,2 .10-1 tricloroacetico 2 .10-1
Sc3+ 5,0 .10-5 urico 1,3 .10-4
Sn2+ 4,0 .10-4 vinilacetico 4,57 .10-5
Sn4+ 4,0 .100 fenolo 1,28 .10-10
Sr2+ 5,0 .10-14
Th4+
Ti3+
6,3 .10-4
6,3 .10-3
Basi
inorganiche
Stadio O
Kb
①
ooolio
Basi Stadio Kb
Acidi Stadio Ka organiche
organici
anilina 3,82 .10-10
acetico Ctl 1,76 .10-5 caffeina 4,1 .10-14
30014
adipico 1 3,71 .10-5 chinina 1 1,1 .10-6
adipico 2 3,87 .10-5 chinina 2 1,35 .10-10
ascorbico 1 7,94 .10-5 dietilammina 9,6 .10-4
ascorbico 2 1,62 .10-12 etilammina 5,6 .10-4
barbiturico 9,8 .10-5 idrazina 1,7 .10-6
benzoico C
, TIG 02 6,46 .10-5 metilammina 4,38 .10-4
cloroacetico 1,40 .10-3 morfina 1,6 .10-6
citrico 1 8,4 .10-4 nicotina 1,0 .10-6
citrico 2 1,8 .10-5 novocaina 7 .10-6
citrico 3 4,0 .10-6 piridina 1,71 .10-9
dicloroacetico 3,32 .10-2 stricnina 1 .10-6
formico 1-1 COO H 1,77 .10-4 urea 1,3 .10-14
fumarico 1 9,30 .10-4
fumarico 2 3,62 .10-5
hes C Agt ) C Cl I
Add
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Fluoruri
BaF2 1,1 .10-6 Idrossidi
CaF2 1,5 .10-10 AgOH 1,5 .10-8
LiF 1,8 .10-3 Al(OH)3 5 .10-33
MgF2 6,6 .10-9 Ba(OH)2 5,0 .10-3
PbF2 2,7 .10-8 Ca(OH)2 4,5 .10-6
SrF2 2,5 .10-9 Cd(OH)2 5,1 .10-15
Co(OH)2 5,7 .10-15
Cloruri Co(OH)3 2,5 .10-43
AgCl 1,8 .10-10 Cr(OH)3 6,5 .10-31
AuCl 2,0 .10-13 CuOH 2 .10-15
CuCl 1,9 .10-7 Cu(OH)2 1,6 .10-19
Hg2Cl2 1,4 .10-18 Fe(OH)2 4,7 .10-17
HgCl2 7,5 .10-15 Fe(OH)3 2,5 .10-39
PbCl2 1,7 .10-5 Hg(OH)2 3 .10-26
TlCl 1,8 .10-4 Hg2(OH)2 5 .10-24
Mg(OH)2 5,4 .10-12
Bromuri Mn(OH)2 2,0 .10-13
AgBr 5,3 .10-13 Mn(OH)3 1,0 .10-36
CuBr 6,3 .10-8 Ni(OH)2 5,3 .10-16
Hg2Br2 5,6 .10-23 Pb(OH)2 1,3 .10-20
HgBr2 8,0 .10-20 Sn(OH)2 5,1 .10-27
PbBr2 6,4 .10-6 Sn(OH)4 1,0 .10-57
TlBr 3,7 .10-6 Sr(OH)2 1,4 .10-4
Zn(OH)2 7,4 .10-17
Ioduri
AgI 8,1 .10-17
AuI 1,6 .10-23 Carbonati
CuI 1,2 .10-12 Ag2CO3 8,2 .10-12
Hg2I2 5,3 .10-29 BaCO3 2,6 .10-9
HgI2 2,6 .10-29 CaCO3 4,9 .10-9
PbI2 8,3 .10-9 CdCO3 6,0 .10-12
CoCO3 1,4 .10-13
Solfuri CuCO3 2,5 .10-10
Ag2S 5,9 .10-50 FeCO3 3,1 .10-11
Al2S3 2,0 .10-7 Hg2CO3 3,7 .10-15
Bi2S3 1,4 .10-99 Li2CO3 8,1 .10-4
CaS 5,8 .10-8 MgCO3 6,8 .10-6
CdS 1,4 .10-29 MnCO3 2,2 .10-11
CoS 5 .10-21 NiCO3 1,4 .10-7
Cu2S 2 .10-48 PbCO3 6,3 .10-14
CuS 1,5 .10-36 SrCO3 5,6 .10-10
FeS 1,5 .10-19 ZnCO3 1,2 .10-10
FeS2 4,2 .10-30
Fe2S3 1 .10-88 Solfati
HgS 2,2 .10-52 Ag2SO4 1,2 .10-5
MnS 4,5 .10-14 BaSO4 1,1 .10-10
NiS 1 .10-21 CaSO4 7,1 .10-5
PbS 8,4 .10-29 Hg2SO4 8,0 .10-7
PoS 6,2 . 10-29 HgSO4 6,0 .10-2
Sb2S3 1,7 .10-93 Hg2SO4 6,0 .10-7
SnS 3,0 .10-28 Tl2SO4 3,6 .10-4
SnS2 1 .10-70 PbSO4 1,8 .10-8
ZnS 2,7 .10-25 SrSO4 3,4 .10-7
MnC2O4 4,8 .10-6
Fosfati PbC2O4 8,5 .10-10
Ag3PO4 1,4 .10-16 SrC2O4 5,6 .10-2
AlPO4 5,8 .10-19 ZnC2O4 1,3 .10-9
Ba3(PO4)2 6,0 .10-39
Ca3(PO4)2 2,1 .10-33 Cianuri
CaHPO4 2,7 .10-7
Cd3(PO4)2 2,5 .10-33 AgCN 1,2 .10-16
Co3(PO4)2 2,0 .10-35 CuCN 3,2 .10-20
Cu3(PO4)2 1,3 .10-37 Hg2(CN)2 5,0 .10-40
FePO4 9,9 .10-29 Hg(CN)2 3,2 .10-33
Li3PO4 2,4 .10-4 Ni(CN)2 3,2 .10-23
MgNH4PO4 2,5 .10-13 Zn(CN)2 7,9 .10-12
Mg3(PO4)2 9,9 .10-25
Ni3(PO4)2 4,7 .10-32 Arseniati
Pb3(PO4)2 1 .10-54
Sr3(PO4)2 1 .10-31 Ag3AsO4 1,1 .10-20
Zn3(PO4)2 9,1 .10-33 AlAsO4 1,6 .10-16
Ca3(AsO4)2 3,2 .10-19
CrAsO4 7,8 .10-21
Cromati e Dicromati FeAsO4 5,8 .10-21
Mg3(AsO4)2 2,1 .10-20
Ag2CrO4 1,1 .10-12 Mn3(AsO4)2 1,9 .10-29
Ag2Cr2O7 2 .10-7 Pb3(AsO4)2 4,1 .10-36
BaCrO4 1,2 .10-10 Sr(AsO4)2 4,1 .10-19
CaCrO4 1,2 .10-10 Zn3(AsO4)2 1,1 .10-27
Hg2CrO4 2 .10-9
PbCrO4 2,8 .10-13 Bromati
SrCrO4 2.0 .10-5
AgBrO3 5,4 .10-5
Ba(BrO3)2 5,5 .10-6
KBrO3 7,3 .10-2
Iodati RbBrO3 6,0 .10-3
AgIO3 3,1 .10-8 TlBrO3 1,1 .10-4
Ba(IO3)2 3,9 .10-9
Ca(IO3)2 6,4 .10-6 Nitriti
Cu(IO3)2 1,4 .10-7
Hg(IO3)2 3,2 .10-13 AgNO2 3,2 .10-5
Pb(IO3)2 3,6 .10-13
Ossalati
Ag2C2O4 5,4 .10-12 Azoturi e Tiocianati
BaC2O4 1,7 .10-7
CaC2O4 2,3 .10-9 CuN3 4,5 . 10-10
CdC2O4 1,4 .10-8 Hg2(N3)2 7,8 . 10-19
CoC2O4 4,1 .10-8 TlN3 1,9 . 10-4
CuC2O4 2,9 .10-8 Pb(N3)2 5,7 . 10-19
CaC2O4 2,3 .10-9 AgSCN 1,2 . 10-12
FeC2O4 2,1 .10-7 CuSCN 1,7 .10-13
Hg2C2O4 1,7 .10-13 Pb(SCN)2 2,1 . 10-5
MgC2O4 4,8 .10-6 TlSCN 1,5 . 10-4
•
18.3 Prodotti di solubilità (ordinati per catione) (a 25°C)
The solubility product constant Ksp is a useful parameter for calculating the aqueous solubility of sparingly soluble compounds under various
conditions. It may be determined by direct measurement or calculated from the standard Gibbs energies of formation ΔfG° of the species involved at
their standard states. Thus if Ksp = [M+]m [A–]n is the equilibrium constant for the reaction
where MmAn is the slightly soluble substance and M+ and A- are the ions produced in solution by the dissociation of MmAn, then the Gibbs energy change
is
ln Ksp = -Δ G°/RT
The first table below gives selected values of Ksp at 25°C. Many of these have been calculated from standard state thermodynamic data in References
1 and 2; other values are taken from publications of the IUPAC Solubility Data Project (References 3 to 7).
The above formulation is not convenient for treating sulfides because the S-2 ion is usually not present in significant concentrations (see Reference
8). This is due to the hydrolysis reaction
which is strongly shifted to the right except in very basic solutions. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant for this reaction, which depends on the second
ionization constant of H2S, is poorly known. Therefore it is more useful in the case of sulfides to define a different solubility product Kspa based on
the reaction
Values of Kspa , taken from Reference 8, are given for several sulfides in the auxiliary table following the main table. Additional discussion of sulfide
equilibria may be found in References 7 and 9.
REFERENCES
1. Wagman, D.D., Evans, W.H., Parker, V.B., Schumm, R.H., Halow, I., Bailey, S.M., Churney, K.L., and Nuttall, R L., The NBS Tables of
Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, 1982.
2. Garvin, D., Parker, V.B., and White, H.J., CODATA Thermodynamic Tables, Hemisphere, New York, 1987.
3. Solubility Data Series (53 Volumes), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979—1992.
4. Clever, H.L., and Johnston, F.J., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 751, 1980.
5. Marcus, Y., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 1307, 1980.
6. Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 631, 1985.
7. Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 21, 941, 1992.
8. Myers, R.J., J. Chem. Educ., 63, 687, 1986.
9. Licht, S., J. Electrochem. Soc.,135, 2971, 1988.
TeamLRN
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued)
Compound Formula Ksp
TeamLRN
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued)
Compound Formula Ksp
Sulfides
The data in this table are presented as values of pKa, defined as the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant Ka for the reaction
BH 1 B– + H+
Thus pKa = –log Ka , and the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] can be calculated from
Ka =
[H ] [B ]
+ –
[BH]
In the case of bases, the entry in the table is for the conjugate acid; e.g., ammonium ion for ammonia. The OH– concentration in the system
K b = K water / K a =
[OH ] [NH ]
–
4
+
[NH 3 ]
where Kwater = 1.01 × 10–14 at 25 °C. Note that pKa + pKb = pKwater.
All values refer to dilute aqueous solutions at zero ionic strength at the temperature indicated. The table is arranged alphabetically by compound
name.
REFERENCE
1. Perrin, D. D., Ionization Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution, Second Edition, Pergamon, Oxford, 1982.
Name Formula Step t/°C pKa
Big
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
Boat
TeamLRN
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF INORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Name Formula Step t/°C pKa
Hypochlorous acid HClO 25 7.40
Hypoiodous acid HIO 25 10.5
Iodic acid HIO3 25 0.78
Lithium ion Li+ 25 13.8
Magnesium(II) ion Mg+2 25 11.4
Nitrous acid HNO2 25 3.25
Perchloric acid HClO4 20 -1.6
Periodic acid HIO4 25 1.64
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 1 25 2.16
2 25 7.21
3 25 12.32
Phosphorous acid H3PO3 1 20 1.3
2 20 6.70
Pyrophosphoric acid H4P2O7 1 25 0.91
2 25 2.10
3 25 6.70
4 25 9.32
Selenic acid H2SeO4 2 25 1.7
Selenious acid H2SeO3 1 25 2.62
2 25 8.32
Silicic acid H4SiO4 1 30 9.9
2 30 11.8
3 30 12
4 30 12
Sodium ion Na+ 25 14.8
Strontium(II) ion Sr+2 25 13.2
Sulfamic acid NH2SO3H 25 1.05
Sulfuric acid H2SO4 2 25 1.99
Sulfurous acid H2SO3 1 25 1.85
2 25 7.2
Telluric acid H2TeO4 1 18 7.68
2 18 11.0
Tellurous acid H2TeO3 1 25 6.27
2 25 8.43
Tetrafluoroboric acid HBF4 25 0.5
Thiocyanic acid HSCN 25 -1.8
Water H2O 25 13.995
aim
© 2000 CRC Press LLC
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES
This table lists the dissociation (ionization) constants of over 1070 organic acids, bases, and amphoteric compounds. All data apply to dilute aqueous
solutions and are presented as values of pKa, which is defined as the negative of the logarithm of the equilibrium constant Ka for the reaction
HA 1 H+ + A-
i.e.,
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
where [H+], etc. represent the concentrations of the respective species in mol/L. It follows that pKa = pH + log[HA] - log[A-], so that a solution with
50% dissociation has pH equal to the pKa of the acid.
Data for bases are presented as pKa values for the conjugate acid, i.e., for the reaction
BH+ 1 H+ + B
In older literature, an ionization constant Kb was used for the reaction B + H2O 1 BH+ + OH- . This is related to Ka by
REFERENCES
1. Perrin, D.D., Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution, Butterworths, London, 1965; Supplement, 1972.
2. Serjeant, E.P., and Dempsey, B., Ionization Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution, Pergamon, Oxford, 1979.
3. Albert, A., “Ionization Constants of Heterocyclic Substances”, in Katritzky, A.R., Ed., Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Academic
Press, New York, 1963.
4. Sober, H.A., Ed., CRC Handbook of Biochemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1968.
5. Perrin, D.D., Dempsey, B., and Serjeant, E.P., pKa Prediction for Organic Acids and Bases, Chapman and Hall, London, 1981.
6. Albert, A., and Serjeant, E. P., The Determination of Ionization Constants, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1984.
7. Budavari, S., Editor, The Merck Index, Twelth Edition, Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1996.
Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa
Big
TeamLRN
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa
Bt
TeamLRN
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued)
Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa Mol. Form. Name Step t/°C pKa
→
interne work !
C13H16ClNO Ketamine 7.5 C18H33ClN2O5S Clindamycin 7.6
C13H19NO4S 4-[(Dipropylamino)- Z 5.8 C18H39N Octadecylamine 25 10.60
sulfonyl]benzoic acid C19H10Br4O5S Bromophenol Blue 4.0
C13H21N 2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine 3.58 C19H14O5S Phenol Red 7.9
C13H29N (Tridecyl)amine 25 10.63 C19H16ClNO4 Indomethacin 4.5
C14H12F3NO4S2 Perfluidone 2.5 C19H17N3O4S2 Cephaloridine 3.2
C14H12O2 α-Phenylbenzeneacetic acid 25 3.94 C19H20N2O2 Phenylbutazone 4.5
C14H12O3 α-Hydroxy-α-phenyl- 25 3.04 C19H21N Protriptyline 8.2
benezeneacetic acid C19H21NO3 Thebaine 15 6.05
C14H18N4O3 Trimethoprim 6.6 C19H22N2O Cinchonine 1 5.85
C14H19NO2 Methylphenidate 8.9 2 9.92
C14H21N3O3S Tolazamide 25 3.6 C19H22N2O Cinchonidine 1 5.80
C14H22N2O3 Atenolol 9.6 2 10.03
C14H31N Tetradecylamine 25 10.62 C19H22N2O2 Cupreine 6.57
C15H10ClN3O3 Clonazepam 1 1.5 C19H22O6 Gibberellic acid 4.0
2 10.5 C19H23N3O2 Ergometrinine 7.3
C15H11I4NO4 L-Thyroxine 1 25 2.2 C19H23N3O2 Ergonovine 6.8
2 25 6.45 C20H14O4 Phenolphthalein 25 9.7
3 25 10.1 C20H21NO4 Papaverine 6.4
C15H14O3 Fenoprofen 7.3 C20H23N Amitriptyline 9.4
C15H15NO2 Mefenamic acid 4.2 C20H23N7O7 Folinic acid 1 3.1
C15H15N3O2 Methyl Red 1 2.5 2 4.8
2 9.5 3 10.4
C15H17ClN4 NeutralRed 6.7 C20H24N2O2 Quinine 1 25 8.52
C15H19NO2 Tropacocaine 15 4.32 2 25 4.13
C15H19N3O3 Imazethapyr 1 2.1 C20H24N2O2 Quinidine 1 20 5.4
2 3.9 2 20 10.0
C15H21N3O2 Physostigmine 1 6.12 C20H26N2O2 Hydroquinine 5.33
2 12.24 C21H14Br4O5S Bromocresol Green 4.7
C15H26N2 Sparteine 1 20 2.24 C21H16Br2O5S Bromocresol Purple 6.3
2 20 9.46 C21H18O5S CresolRed 8.3
C15H33N Pentadecylamine 25 10.61 C21H21NO6 Hydrastine 7.8
C16H13ClN2O Valium 3.4 C21H22N2O2 Strychnine 25 8.26
C16H14ClN3O Chlorodiazepoxide 4.8 C21H23ClFNO2 Haloperidol 8.3
C16H16N2O2 Lysergic acid 1 3.44 C21H31NO4 Furethidine 7.48
2 7.68 C21H35N3O7 Lisinopril 1 2.5
C16H17N3O4S Cephalexin 1 5.2 2 4.0
2 7.3 3 6.7
C16H19N3O4S Cephradine 1 2.63 4 10.1
2 7.27 C22H18O4 o-Cresolphthalein 9.4
C16H22N2 Lycodine 1 3.97 C22H22FN3O2 Droperidol 7.64
2 8.08 C22H23NO7 Noscapine 7.8
C16H35N Hexadecylamine 25 10.61 C22H25NO6 Colchicine 20 12.36
C17H17NO2 Apomorphine 1 7.0 C22H25N3O Benzpiperylon 1 6.73
2 8.92 2 9.13
C17H19NO3 Piperine 18 12.22 C22H33NO2 Atisine 12.2
C17H19NO3 Morphine 1 25 8.21 C23H26N2O4 Brucine 1 6.04
2 20 9.85 2 11.07
C17H20N4O6 Riboflavin 1 1.7 C24H40O4 Deoxycholic acid 6.58
2 25 9.69 C24H40O5 Cholic acid 6.4
C17H20O6 Mycophenolic acid 4.5 C25H29I2NO3 Amiodarone 25 6.56
C17H23NO3 Hyoscyamine 21 9.7 C25H41NO9 Aconine 9.52
C17H27NO4 Nadolol 9.67 C26H43NO6 Glycocholic acid 4.4
C18H19ClN4 Clozapine 1 3.70 C26H45NO7S Taurocholic acid 1.4
2 7.60 C27H28Br2O5S Bromothymol Blue 7.0
C18H21NO3 Codeine 8.21 C27H38N2O4 Verapamil 8.6
C18H21N3O Dibenzepin 8.25 C29H32O13 Etoposide 9.8
C18H32O2 Linoleic acid 7.6 C29H40N2O4 Emetine 1 5.77
2 6.64