TAYABAS, ARCHELLE O.

BSGE2-1

1. The Philosophical Self. According to Immanuel Kant, why is the “self”

considered “transcendental”?
Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, who held that the human self,
or transcendental ego, constructs knowledge out of sense impressions and from
universal concepts called categories that it imposes upon them. According to him, we all
have an inner and an outer self which together form our consciousness. The
inner self is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect. The
outer self includes our sense and the physical world. When speaking of the inner self,
there is apperception. The self that is necessary in order for there to be a unified
empirical self-consciousness. For Immanuel Kant, it synthesizes sensations according
to the categories of the understanding

2. The Sociological Self. Why is the “I-self” considered unsocialized and

spontaneous?
George Herbert Mead conceptualizes the mind as the individual importation of
the social process. Mead presented the self and the mind in terms of a social process.
This process is characterized by Mead as the “I” and the “me. ” The “me” is the social
self and the “I” is the response to the “me. ” In other words, the “I” is the response of an
individual to the attitudes of others, while the “me” is the organized set of attitudes of
others which an individual assumes.
“I”, being the knower, is considered unsocialized and spontaneous because it
performs or occurs as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without
premeditation or external stimulus. “I” reacts to the self which arises through the taking
of the attitude of others. They do not blindly follow the rules.

3. The Anthropological Self. Why do Eastern societies and some Western

societies practice arranged marriage?
Arranged marriages have historically been prominent in many cultures. The
practice remains common in many regions, notably South Asia, though in many other
parts of the world, the practice has declined substantially during the 19th and 20th
centuries. Like any time-tested tradition, the practice of arranging matrimony holds up
in many societies because it stabilizes and connects families, preserves social and
economic order and reinforces religious values.

4. The Psychological Self. Why is “egocentrism” evident in the Preoperational

Stage of Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development? Explain.
 Egocentrism is the inability to differentiate between self and other. More
specifically, it is the inability to untangle subjective schemas from objective reality and
an inability to accurately assume or understand any perspective other than one's own.
According to Piaget, the egocentric child assumes that other people see, hear, and feel
exactly the same as the child does. Children’s thoughts and communications are
typically egocentric.

5. The Eastern and Western Thought of the Self. Why is “individualism” stronger
in western societies compared to eastern societies?
For a number of years, it has been generally believed that whereas the Eastern
cultures tend to be more collective, the Western focuses more on individuality.
Theoretically, the Eastern mindset of an individual is not conceived as a unique entity
but a small part of a society; the bigger picture is what counts, and helping each other
as a group is the way to succeed. In the meantime, Westerns tend to look at themselves
as unique individuals who try to stand out for their own achievements, frequently
overlooking third parties. Specifically, the Western style of thought is characterized as
embodying the value of ''individual distinctiveness'' or ''independence,'' while
the Eastern style of thought embodies the value of ''harmonious social relations'' or
''interdependence.

REFERENCES:
transcendental idealism | Definition & Facts | Britannica
plato.stanford.edu Kant's View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self (Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
George Herbert Mead: The Self - Study.com.
Arranged Marriages In Today's World - Everyday Health
https://www.simplypsychology.org/preoperational.html
plaidmag.com › western-individuali...
Western Individualism vs. Eastern Collectivism - Plaidmag.com
East Brain, West Brain - The New York Times