OSSIFICATION OF BONE

PARTS OF LONG BONE

 CELLS OF BONE
• Osteoprogenitor cells
– Stem cells of mesenchymal origin that can
proliferate and convert themselves into
osteoblasts whenever need for bone formation.
• Osteoblasts
– Bone forming cells derived from osteoprogenitor
cells
• Osteocytes
– Cells of mature bone
• Osteoclasts
– Bone removing cells
 OSSIFICATION
• The process of bone formation
 Intramembranous ossification
Stages

At the site where a membrane bone is to be

formed the Mesenchymal cells become
densely packed (Mesenchymal
condensation)
• Mesenchymal cells lay down bundles
of collagen fibres in the mesenchymal
condensation.
• Mesenchymal cells those that had earlier
laid down the collagen fibres enlarge and
acquire a basophilic cytoplasm- osteoblasts.
• Cells secrete a gelatinous matrix in which
the fibres get embedded.
• The fibres also swell up. Hence the fibres
can no longer be seen distinctly. This mass
of swollen fibres and matrix is called osteoid
• Influence of osteoblasts calcium salts are
deposited in osteoid
• Become one lamellus of bone
• Over this lamellus, another layer of osteoid
is laid down by osteoblasts.
• Osteoblasts move away from the lamellus
to line the new layer of osteoid
• Cells trapped between the two lamellae
become Osteocytes
 Endochondral Ossification

• Mesenchymal condensation
• Mesenchymal cells become chondroblasts
and lay down hyaline cartilage

• Mesenchymal cells on the surface of the

cartilage form a membrane called
Perichondrium.
• The cells of the cartilage are small
and irregularly arranged later the
cells enlarge considerably
• The intercellular substance between the
enlarged cartilage cells becomes calcified
- alkaline phosphatase- secreted by the
cartilage cells.
• The nutrition to the cells is thus cut off
and they die, leaving behind empty spaces
called primary areolae
• Blood vessels of the perichondrium now
invade the cartilaginous matrix.
• Primary areolae have fused to form larger
spaces and creates large cavities called
secondary areolae (medullary spaces)
• Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts
and arrange themselves along the
surfaces of these bars or plates of
calcified matrix
• Osteoblasts now lay down a layer of
ossein fibrils embedded in a gelatinous
ground substance (osteoid)- intra-
membranous ossification
• Osteoblasts now lay down another
layer of osteoid over the first lamellus.
 GROWTH OF LONG BONE
• Diaphysis and Epiphysis are separated by
a plate of cartilage called Epiphyseal
cartilage or Epiphyseal plate.
– Three zones
• Zone of resting cartilage
• Zone of proliferating cartilage
• Zone of calcification
• Zone of resting cartilage
– cells are small and irregularly arranged
• Zone of proliferating cartilage
– cells are larger, and undergo repeated mitosis
– multiply, they come to be arranged in parallel
columns separated by bars of intercellular
matrix.
 Zone of calcification
• Cartilage cells are dead and the calcified
• Matrix is being replaced by bone.
• Growth in length of bone by transformation
of the epiphyseal cartilage
 METAPHYSIS
• The portion of the Diaphysis adjoining the
Epiphyseal plate is called the Metaphysis
• Region of active bone formation
• Highly vascular.
• Does not have a marrow cavity.
• Numerous muscles and ligaments are
usually attached to the bone in this region.
• Even after bone growth has stopped , the
calcium turnover function of bone is most
active in the Metaphysis,
• Which acts as a store house of calcium.
• Frequent the site of infection.
Eat healthy, take your vitamins and
maybe one day you will grow big
and strong like this graduate

Bone Growth Time!

THANK YOU