HKCEE running answer text

1999 Biology

1. (a)(i) Cell C contains a diploid set of chromosomes because its nucleus /

chromosomes comes from cell A which is a body cell.
(a)(ii) It is because the cytoplasm of cell D is formed by repeated divisions of the
cytoplasm of cell C without cell enlargement.
(a)(iii) Sheep X
It is because the body characteristics of Dolly is determined by its genetic
material, which is derived from and identical to that in the body cell of sheep
X.
(a)(iv) No, it is because the process does not involve the fertilization of gametes.

1. (b)(i) During the fitness test, the heart beats rapidly to supply more blood to the
skeletal muscle. This provides an abundant supply of food and oxygen to the
muscles so that a large amount of energy can be released in respiration for the
vigorous contraction of the skeletal muscles. At the same time, more blood
supply to the muscles also helps to remove rapidly the carbon dioxide
produced by the muscles.
(b)(ii) Peter’s heart
The energy demand of Peter and David was the same for the fitness test. It
means that Peter’s heart could supply the same amount of blood to the skeletal
muscle at a lower heart rate.
(b)(iii) (1) glucose lactic acid
(2) To provide additional energy to the skeletal muscle cells so that the
skeletal muscle can contract more vigorously.

1. (c)(i) Gelatin in jelly solution B was digested due to the presence of fresh pineapple
juice.
(c)(ii) Gelatin was present in solution C but not in solution B. This suggests that the
pineapple juice contains protease which is denatured at high temperature.
(c)(iii) Beef contains protein which is digested by the protease in the pineapple juice.
Allowing the beef and pineapple mixture to stand for half an hour will give
enough time for the enzyme to work.

1999-CE-BIO I-1
HKCEE running answer text
1999 Biology

2. (a)(i) (1) mass decreases by 2.4 g

(2) mass decreases by 0.6 g
(a)(ii) To study the effect of direct illumination on the lower or upper epidermis on
the rate of transpiration of the leaf. OR
To compare the rate of transpiration of the leaf when the lower epidermis is
illuminated by the spotlight with that when the upper epidermis is illuminated.
(a)(iii) The decrease in mass in treatment I is greater than that in treatment II. This
indicates that the transpiration rate in treatment I is higher. This is because due
to direct illumination by the spotlight, the temperature of the lower epidermis
in treatment I is higher than that in treatment II. This leads to faster
evaporation of water and faster diffusion of water vapour out through the
stomata. Thus the transpiration rate is higher in treatment I.
OR
Due to direct illumination by the spotlight, stomata of the lower epidermis
open more widely in treatment I than in treatment II. The surface area for the
diffusion of water vapour is greater, so that diffusion of water vapour becomes
faster. Thus the transpiration rate is higher in treatment I.
(a)(iv) Peel off the upper and lower epidermis and observe it under the microscope to
see whether stomata are only present on lower epidermis.
OR
Immerse the leaf in hot water and observe whether bubbles are released from
the lower epidermis only.

2. (b)(i) Bile produced in the liver cannot be stored in A. Therefore, when food enters
the duodenum, there will not be sufficient amount of bile released for
emulsifying fats in the food. Thus the surface area for the action of lipase
decreases.
(b)(ii) When part of structure D is removed, digestion and absorption of food is
reduced. As the energy intake becomes less than the energy expenditure in the
body, food reserves stored in the body is used.
(b)(iii) (1) *insulin
(2) It cannot regulate the blood glucose level, as blood glucose would not be
converted into glycogen in the cells of B.

2. (c)(i) On Day 1, the air temperature was higher than the body temperature. Hence
heat from the body could not be lost to the environment by conduction,
convection and radiation. However, he could lose heat through the evaporation
of sweat which absorbs heat from the body surface.
(c)(ii) Vigorous exercise would lead to the generation of large amount of heat in the
body. As sweat could not evaporate efficiently at the higher relative humidity
on Day 2, less heat was lost from the body through sweating. As a result, the
body temperature would rise steadily and this would lead to the breaking down
of enzymatic action.

1999-CE-BIO I-2
HKCEE running answer text
1999 Biology

3. (a)(i) Dry mass of the algae is the mass of the algae with all water removed.
(a)(ii) The dry mass of the algae at hour 24 was greater than that at hour 0 because
the algae have carried out photosynthesis in the 24 hours to make
carbohydrates. And the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of
respiration of the algae.
(a)(iii) (1) The algae grow faster when they are supplied with exhaust gas.
(2) The exhaust gas is rich in carbon dioxide so the algae can carry out
photosynthesis at a higher rate.
(a)(iv) The carbon dioxide output to air is reduced, leading to a decrease in the
greenhouse effect which is caused by carbon dioxide. Thus it helps to slow
down global warming.

3. (b)(i) 12
(b)(ii) (1) 10-5 ppm, 10-4 ppm, 10-3 ppm
(2) 10-2 ppm, 10-1 ppm
(b)(iii) (1) It is because cells in region A are capable of rapid growth while cells in
region B are not.
(2) First, mark the whole length of the root with lines at regular intervals.
After a few days, compare the distance between the markings. The
markings on region A would be further apart.
OR
Repeat the experiment using sections from region B. These sections
would show little elongation.
(b)(iv) The root would bend towards the side with auxins. This is because the auxin
concentration on this side is about 10-2 ppm whereas on the other side is about
0 ppm. Thus the growth of root on this side is inhibited while that on the other
side is not.

3. (c)(i) The muscular wall of the uterus contracts rhythmically and powerfully to push
the baby out of the uterus.
(c)(ii) Period X
Ovulation occurred around period X, thus fertilization might occur after sexual
intercourse. Besides, around this period, the uterine lining is ready for the
implantation of the embryo.
(c)(iii) The day of ovulation may vary from cycle to cycle. The duration of the
menstrual cycle of a woman may also vary.

1999-CE-BIO I-3
HKCEE running answer text
1999 Biology

4. (a)(i) (1) A and B

(2) A is the *semi-circular canals. It serves to detect the direction of head
movement.
B is the *cochlea. It serves to detect sound vibrations.
(a)(ii) On reaching the 50th floor, the air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
became unequal. The eardrum was pressed outwards by the unequal pressure.
Thus it could not vibrate freely in response to sound vibrations.
(a)(iii) Pathogens in the throat have spread along the Eustachian tube to the middle
ear.

4. (b)(i) The mealworms take in oxygen during respiration, and the carbon dioxide they
produced is absorbed by the soda lime. This leads to a drop in the air pressure
inside the syringe and hence drawing the water droplet downwards. Thus the
rate of movement of the water droplet indicates the rate of respiration.
(b)(ii) (1) The rate of respiration of mealworms increases with an increase in
temperature from 20oC to 50oC.
(2) With an increase in the external temperature, the body temperature of
mealworms rises. Thus the enzymatic activity of the worms increases.
This leads to an increase in the metabolic rate and thus the respiration rate
of the mealworms rises.
(b)(iii) To allow time for the air temperature inside the syringe to become equal to the
temperature of the water bath and the respiratory rate of the mealworms to
become adjusted to the new temperature.

4. (c)(i) During daytime, the rate of photosynthesis of the algae exceeds that of
respiration. Thus the fish can have sufficient oxygen for respiration. At night,
the large population of algae undergo respiration only. The dissolved oxygen
content in seawater is greatly reduced. Thus the fish die of suffocation.
(c)(ii) A large marine fish eats many small fish, which in turn eat a large quantity of
microscopic algae. Since the toxins cannot be broken down nor excreted by the
fish, the toxins of the microscopic algae are passed along the food chain to the
large fish and accumulate to a higher concentration in its tissue.

1999-CE-BIO I-4