A bridge has three main elements.

technology growth the conventional

First, the substructure (foundation) bridge has been replaced by
transfers the loaded weight of the innovative co st effective structural
bridge to the ground; it consists of system such as T Beam Girder
components such as columns (also System And Box Girder
called piers) and abutments. An BridgeSystem.
abutment is the connection between
In spite of Difficult design procedure
the end of the bridge and the road
and complex form work requirement
carried by the earth; it provides
box girders, have gained wide
support for the end sections of the
acceptance in freeway and bridge
bridge. Second, the superstructure of
systems due to their structural
the bridge is the horizontal platform
efficiency, better stability,
that spans the space between columns.
serviceability, economy of
Finally, the deck of the bridge.
construction and aesthetic appearance.
Due to population growth and rapid
bridge design procedure span length
urbanization, there has been an
and live load are important and affect
enormous growth in traffic volumeon
the conceptualization stage of design.
highways over the last few decades
Various live loads that are defined by
.the use of box girders has proven to
IRC 6:2016 and experienced by
be a very efficient structural solution
bridge deck system are Class A, Class
for highway bridges and flyovers due
B, Class AA and Class 70R. These are
to its high tensional rigidity, serv
the combinations of wheel load and
iceability, economy, aesthetics and
track loads. Wheel loads are one
the ability to efficiently distribute the
which are transferred by the wheels of
eccentric vehicular live load among
trucks and track loads are one which
the webs of the box girder. With rapid
are transferred by pair of wheels and
axels connected by belts. The effect of ofthat material, because the
These loads varies from span to span subsequent application of tensile
the bridge deck structural system stress must first nullify the
adopted is influence by factor like compressive prestress. In
economy and complexity in 1904,Freyssinet attempted to
construction. introduce permanently acting forces
in concrete to resist the elastic forces
Prestressed concrete is basically
developed under the name of
concrete in whichinternal stresses of
“prestressing”.
suitable magnitude and distribution
are introduced so that the stresses Literature survey :
resulting from external loads are
LOUIS Z et al suggests and illustrated
counteracted to a desired degree. In
the analysis of two cell box girder
reinforced concrete members, the
systems using finite element and finite
prestress is commonly introduced by
difference tchniques. The optimal
tensioning the steel reinforcement.
design is formulated as a non linear
The development of early cracks in
programming problem.
reinforced concrete due to
incompatibility in the strains of steel Zhang SH suggests the usage of finite

and concrete was perhaps the starting element method and thin walled box

point in the development of a new beam theory in analysing the thin

material like ‘prestressed walled box spine beam bridges.

concrete”.The application of Rombach g suggested the usage of

permanent compressive stress to a externally post tensioned box girder
material like concrete, which is strong bridges in long span bridges and the
in compression but weak in tension, advantages of this system is discussed
increases the apparent tensile strength in this paper.
Erin H et al evaluated the shear and
moment live load distribution factors
for new prestressed concrete box
girder bridges.

Angel c apracio et al presented the

results of test program on externally
prestressed concrete beams to
evaluate performance of beams results
were discussed.

Maisel BI analysed the concrete box

beams and design of concrete box
beam with side cantilevers cement
and concrete association.

Nabi f grace et al discussed the

cracking in side by side box beam
bridges.Various loads such as traffic
loads,transverse pressure over the
sides of the box and no of diagphrams
required are discussed.

Robert JF macgregor et al conducted

experimental investigation in
examination of service and ultimate
load behaviour of segmentally pre
cast box girder bridges with externally
post tensioning tendons.