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Sewage
It is Liquid Waste or Waste Water produce as a result of water use.Design of
Sewer System
Sewer
It is the pipe or conduit for carrying sewage. It is generally closed and flow
takes place undr gravity (Atmospheric Pressure). Design of Sewer System
Sewerage
Sewerage is the system of collection of waste water and conveying it to a
point of final disposal with or without treatment. Design of Sewer System
Sources of waste water
Following are the principal sources of waste water
Domestic
Industrial
Storm water
Domestic
It is the waste water from houses, offices, other buildings, hotels and
institutions. Design of Sewer System
Industrial
It is the liquid waste from the industrial places from their different industrial
processes like dying, paper matting, tanneries, chemical industries,
etc. Design of Sewer System
Storm Water
It includes surface runoff generated from rainfall and the street wash. Design
of Sewer System
Types of Sewer Systems
Separate System
It is the system in which storm water is carried separately from domestic and
industrial waste water. This system is preferred when
Storm Sewer
It carries storm sewage including Surface Runoff and Street Wash. Design of
Sewer System
Combined Sewer
It carries domestic, industrial and storm sewage. Design of Sewer System
House Sewer
It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of building to
common/municipal sewers.
Lateral sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more house sewers. Design of
Sewer System
Sub-Main Sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more laterals. Design of Sewer
System
Main/ Trunk Sewer
It receives discharge from two or more sub-mains.
Outfall Sewer
It receives discharge from all collecting system and conveys it to the point of
final disposal.
Sewage flow
It is flow derived from the sanitary and industrial sewage that is the raw
water from these industries and houses, so it means it has direct relation
with the amount of water consumed.
Generally 80 to 90 % of the water consumption is taken as sewage or waste
water flow. Design of Sewer System
Variation in sewage flow
Like water supply, sewage flow varies from time to time. Since sewers must
be able to accommodate Maximum Rate of Flow, the variation in the sewage
flow must be studied.
Generally Herman Formula is used to estimate the ratio of Maximum to
Average Flow
≤ 2500 4.0
Infiltration
It is amount of water that enters into the sewers through poor joints, cracked
pipes, walls and covers of manholes. Design of Sewer System
It is nonexistent during dry weather but increases during rainy season.
Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore uses the following
infiltration rates for the design of sewer system.
Design Period
Sewer System
Period of design is indefinite. The system is designed to take care for the
maximum development of the area. But we take design period of 20 years
for our sewer system. Design of Sewer System
Sewer Pumping Station
Design period is 10-years.
Rate of Flow are average daily, peak and minimum flow including
Infiltration.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project is based on the design of Partially combined sewerage system of
a community which is having approximately a flat terrain because the
difference in the reduce levels is very small. I have designed the sewage
pumping station along with the hydraulic statement and the required
drawings plus some extra drawings. I am confident that my design will work
successfully and there will be not any problems. The Layout of the
community is given as under. Design of Sewer System
DESIGN CRITERIA
Design Flow
First of all calculate the average sewage flow on the basis of water
consumption and the population at the end of the design period. i.e at the
full development of the area. Then the design flow for sanitary sewer and
partially combined sewers can by calculated by using the following
formulae. Design of Sewer System
For Sanitary Sewer
Q = Peak sewage flow + infiltration
design
Design Equation
Manning’s Equation is used for sewers flowing under gravity Design of Sewer
System
Where
V = Velocity of flow in m/sec
R = Hydraulic mean depth (A/P) = D/4 when pipe is flowing full or half full
S = Slope of the sewer
n = Coefficient of roughness for pipes
For (Sewer Size) 460mm to 760mm spacing not more than 120m
For (Sewer Size) greater than 760mm spacing not more than 150m
Slope of Sewer
Select the minimum velocity value and use the Manning’s formula
Invert Level
The lowest inside level at any cross-section of a sewer pipe is known as
Invert Level at that Cross-section. Design of Sewer System
Invert Level = NGSL/Road Level – Depth of Sewer – Thickness of Sewer – Dia.
of Sewer
Joints in Sewers
Bell & Spigot Joint
Tongue &Groove Joint
Manholes
These are provided for
Cleaning
inspection and
house connection
At
No of Apartments = 3
No of Flats = 3
POPULATION FORECAST
Persons/plot 7 10
Persons/apartment 400 600
Design Population Pd
Design of Sewer System
1) Pd = Pp x (1+2.1/100) 20
Pumping capacity
P = Qmax = 10.237 m /min 3