ANSWER KEY ENGL 118 (Units 1.1-1.

3)

Q1. Read each statement and then identify whether it is a fact or an opinion. Circle the
correct answer.

1. The current population of Saudi Arabia is 33,697,517 as of Friday, Fact Opinion

September 28, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates.
2. The Wright brothers invented the airplane. Fact Opinion
3. The National Day of Saudi Arabia is always celebrated on 23 rd Fact Opinion
September.
4. Black dresses are more beautiful than red ones. Fact Opinion
5. I would rather have a cat as a pet than a dog. They are easier to Fact Opinion
take care of.
6. Fried eggs are the most delicious breakfast. Fact Opinion
7. Carnations are the most fragrant flowers grown in the United Fact Opinion
States.

Q2. Match the parts of written work with their definitions. One of the terms is extra.

1. bibliography a. the list of all sources which have been cited in the
text
2. abstract b. the section of the paper in which the author
thanks all contributors
3. references c. the section in which additional information (charts
etc.) is given
4. acknowledgements d. the section in which the author mentions other
written work/research previously conducted in the
same field
e. the section which summarizes the content of the
5. appendices complete written work, letting the reader decide if
it is worth reading

6. literature review
Q3. Read the following text, and identify the features underlined, using the words in the box.

phrase sentence heading sub-title citation/reference

(a) Introduction
(b) Malnutrition: Causes and Symptoms
(c) Malnutrition is a broad term which refers to both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
Individuals suffer from under-nutrition if their diet does not provide them with enough
calories and protein to grow and stay healthy. People are also malnourished, or suffer
(d) from over-nutrition, when they eat fat producing, high calorie food.
Eating disorders happen when people eat too much or too little. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition is the gravest single threat to global
public health (e) (John, 2012). The World Health Organization (WHO) says that
malnutrition is the largest contributor to child mortality. Underweight births are
responsible for about 2.2 million child deaths annually in the world. According to
Gerald (2014) some common symptoms of malnutrition include: loss of weight,
breathing difficulties, complications after surgery, abnormally low body temperature
and longer recovery time from infections and illnesses. In more wealthy industrialized
nations malnutrition is usually caused by: poor diet, mental health problems, mobility
problems, digestive disorders and stomach conditions. Compared to that, in poorer nations
malnutrition is commonly caused by food shortages, high food prices and unequal food
distribution.

(a) Heading

(b)Sub-title

(c)Sentence

(d)Phrase

(e) Citation/reference
Q4. Read the following texts critically, using the preceding questions.

a) Every year a large number of students travel abroad to study at university. Most of them spend

thousands of pounds on their degree courses. The cost of travel and accommodation adds

significantly to their expenses. But they could save a lot of money by studying their courses

online, using the internet and email. Many universities are offering tuition by the internet, and

this has many advantages for students.

b) Studies of childhood imaginary companions have not yielded clear interactions with age and

creativity. It could be suggested that the common assumption of imaginary companions being

mainly a preschool phenomenon may have encouraged studies to use very young children as

participants. In their review of the literature, Pearson and Mayer (1998) concluded that the

experience of imaginary companions peaked in children aged between 2.5 and 3.5 years.

c)London is an ideal city for young students. Britain’s lively capital, with a population of two million,

is the perfect place to live and study. Cheap, comfortable accommodation is always available,

and transport is provided by the clean and reliable underground system. Another advantage is

the friendly citizens, who are well-known for their custom of stopping to chat with strangers.

Overall, London is probably the best place in the world to study English.

Question: List any statements from the texts that you find unreliable and add comments to

explain your doubts. Then decide which article you find more reliable.

Texts Statements Comments

a All statements factual and reliable

b In their review of the literature, Pearson and Reliable; supported by evidence

Mayer (1998) concluded that the experience of
imaginary companions peaked in children aged
 between 2.5 and 3.5 years.

c Britain’s lively capital, with a population of two
million, is the perfect place to live and study.
Cheap, comfortable accommodation is always
available
Most sentences mix facts and
opinions. Most of the facts are
untrue, e.g. the population is not
two million.
An unreliable source

Q5. Read the following text, and divide it into a suitable number of paragraphs.

INVESTMENT
Para 1 Most people want to invest for the future, to cover unexpected financial
difficulties and provide them with security. Different people, however, tend to have
different requirements so that a 25-year-old just leaving university would be
investing for the long-term, whereas a 60-year-old who had just retired would
probably invest for income. Despite these differences, certain principles apply in
most cases.
Para 2 The first issue to consider is risk. In general, the greater the degree of risk
in investment, the higher the return. Shares, for example, which can quickly rise
or fall in value, typically have a higher yield than bonds, which offer good security
but pay only about 5%.Therefore all investors must decide how much risk is
appropriate in their particular situation.
Para 3 Diversification must also be considered in an investment strategy. Wise
investors usually seek to spread their investments across a variety of
geographical and business sectors. As accurate predictions of the future are
almost impossible, it is best to have as many options as possible.
Para 4 A further consideration is investor involvement. Some investors opt for a
high degree of involvement and want to buy and sell regularly, constantly
watching the markets. Others want to invest and then forget about it. Personal
involvement can be time-consuming and worrying, and many prefer to leave the
management of their portfolios to professional fund managers.

Q6. Read the following texts and state if they are suitable or not for academic use. Give TWO
reasons for your decisions.

Text 1 :
Because only a few people confess their fear of things, most of them end up facing their fears alone.
Lately it was found that kids have fears that are imaginary compared to the fears adults are panicking
from. I think that most people don’t know how to handle frightening situations on their own and
 that’s why some need to ask help from specialized people.

Suitable: YES or NO NO
Reasons: Informal language/ Personal Style/ No references

.
Text 2:
Panic attacks are a specific and severe form of anxiety disorder, typified by the sudden onset of
overwhelming anxiety that presents with a variety of physical symptoms such as palpitations,
shortness of breath, dizziness and nausea, and may involve fears of impending doom or death
(Othman, 2000). Researchers found that the prevalence of panic attacks more than doubled in the
population of the United States from 5.3% in 1980, to 12.7% in 1995 (Goodwin, 2003).

Suitable: YES or NO YES

Reasons: Formal language/ Use of references/ Impersonal Style

Q7. Read the following example of an abstract carefully, and write the number of the
sentence/s next to the correct label.

1. Many researchers think that there is very little connection between social media and the
purchasing choices of the college going adolescents. 2. This research study disagrees with this
notion and examines the effect of social media, particularly Facebook and Twitter, on the
purchasing habits of college students by testing for correlations between recommendations on
social media and consumption patterns.3. Moreover, the research also examines the role of
gender and social media on the consumption patterns of the individuals. 4. To arrive at these
findings, the researcher has done a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data collected
through questionnaires, surveys and recorded interviews of the students, and other
stakeholders involved in this situation. 5. The findings of this research have revealed that college
students use both Facebook and Twitter to learn about ongoing sales and promotions in the
market.

a) The method of research used 4

b) Background position 1

c) Results of the research 5

c) The thesis of the paper 2
d) Purpose/aim of the study 3

Q8. Write ONE simple and ONE complex/longer sentence using data from the table below.

*Number of smart watches sold from 2009 to 2013

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

500 300 900 2000 5000

Simple sentence: ANSWERS WILL VARY

Complex sentence ANSWERS WILL VARY

Simple Sentence
Correct structure with a subject /01
and verb; complete thought;
proper word order

Complex Sentence /02

Correct structure with two or
more clauses; use of appropriate
relative pronoun, conjunction;
proper word order