REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIF)
REMOTE SENSING
 Is the science of obtaining information
about objects areas from a distance,
typically from aircraft or satellites.
Electromagnetic Radiation
- used as an information carrier in
remote sensing. The output of a remote sensing
system is usually an image representing the
scene being observed.
Digital Data Products
 gives information in the form of array of
small cells with the function of
electromagnetic energy
Pictorial Data Products
 gives information in the form of
Photograph
 provided by Aircrafts are called Aerial
Photographs
 Provided by Satellites are called
Satellite images
Visual Interpretation
 Both Aerial and Satellite are
interpreted visually
 Photogrammetry is the science to
interpret aerial photographs
 Image interpretation techniques
requires extensive training and is labor
intensive
Digital Interpretation
 Analysis of the data with the help of
computer to extract information
 Popularly known as Image Processing
Classification of remote sensing:
With respect to the type of
energy resources, remote sensing is classified
into two categories-passive and active remote
sensing.
i. Passive Remote Sensing:
It makes use of sensors that
detect reflected or emitted electro-magnetic
radiation from natural resources
ii. Active Remote Sensing:
it makes use of sensors that
detect reflected responses from objects that are
irradiated from artificially-generated energy
sources, such as radar.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
 Is a system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyze, manage and
present all types of geographical data.
Requirements for GIS Operation
1. Computer System
- Ranging from portable personal
computers to multi-user super
computers which are programmed
by wide variety of software
languages
2. Geographic Data
- Spatial data- describes location or
tells where the object is
Mapping Data
- The central function of a geographic
information system is to provide a
visual representation of data.
Spatial Data Functions

- Spatial data refers to information

about the location and shape of,
and relationships among,
geographic features, usually stored
as coordinates and topology.

Edge-matching

- Edge matching is a procedure to

adjust the position of features
extending across map sheet
boundaries.
Buffering
- A technique called buffering is
commonly used with proximity
analysis to indicate the sphere of
influence of a given point.

Overlay

- Overlay is a GIS operation in which

layers with a common, registered
map base are joined on the basis of
their occupation of space.

Neighborhood Function

- Neighborhood Function analyzes

the relationship between an object
and similar surrounding objects.

Topographic Functions

- Topography refers to the surface

characteristics with continuously
changing value over an area such as
elevations, aeromagnetic, noise
levels, income levels, and pollution
levels

Proximity Analysis

- A proximity analysis is an analytical

technique that is used to define the
relationship between a specific
location and other locations or
points that are linked in some way.