Chapters 2.24 Enlargement and scale drawings.

Objectives:

 Know the definition of the enlargement of an object:

 without a center of enlargement;
 with a center of enlargement;
 Know how to draw the enlargement of an object:
 without a center of enlargement;
 with a center of enlargement;
 Using these definitions and skills, know how to solve other related problems;
 Know the definition of a scale drawing of an original object, and how to draw scale
drawings of an original object with a given scale, and know how to solve related
problems
1. Enlargement
2. Scale drawings
Remember that in sections 1.3 and 2.11 we studied 3 types of transformations: translations,
reflections and rotations. These 3 types of transformations preserve the shape and the size of
the original object, and therefore the image of the object is congruent with the original object
(these transformations are isometric).
In this section we study enlargement, which preserves the shape of the object (and in
consequence all of its angles) but not the size of the object. The image of the object is similar
with the original object, but not congruent anymore. Therefore, an enlargement is not an
isometric transformation.

1. Enlargement:
Definition: An enlargement is a transformation of an original object which results in an image
larger in size (with a given scale factor k) than the original.
An example of an enlargement is shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: An enlargement with a scale factor of 2.

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Note that each length of the image object is 2 X the corresponding length of the original.
Another example of an enlargement is shown in Figure 2.
For this enlargement, the scale factor is:

Figure 2: An enlargement of a right triangle.

The scale factor of this enlargement is _____ .
Note that in an enlargement, each side of the
original object is multiplied by the same factor in
order to obtain the image object.
If an image is an enlargement of an object, the image and the object are called similar shapes.
Example 1:
From Exercise set 24.1 A (Book 2) do exercises 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and from Exercise set 24.1 B
(Book 2) do problems 1, 2, 3 and 6.
So far we have performed enlargements without a center of enlargement. Without a center,
the position of the image is not fixed (the image can be placed anywhere in plane).
For a more precise type of enlargement, consider the exercise below:

When a center of enlargement is given, the position (location) of the image becomes fixed.

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Example 2:
In Figure 3, the triangle A’B’C’ is an enlargement of the triangle ABC with a scale factor of
enlargement of 2 and a center of enlargement O.
Note that because:
(1) OA’=2*OA , OB’=2*OB and OC’=2*OC it follows that:

(2) A’B’=2*AB, B’C’=2*BC and A’C’=2”AC .

Figure 3: Enlargement of ABC with

a scale factor of enlargement of
___ and a center of enlargement O
.

Relations of types (1) and (2) hold in general for an enlargement with a center of enlargement
O and a factor of enlargement k :
In this case : (3) OA '  k OA for each vertex A of the original figure and A’ of the image.
This connection will help us draw the image easily (that is, to find A’, draw the segment OA and
increase it with a factor k.
2. Also helps to find the center O, if not given.

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Example 3:

Example 4:
From Exercise set 24.2 A, do exercises 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and from Exercise set 24.2 B do exercises
1, 2, 4 and 6.
Other Exercises (Book B):
1.

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3.

4.

B. Scale drawing:
Sometimes drawing an object to its actual size is not practical or possible. When architects
draw buildings, for example, they do not produce a life-size drawing of the building. A scale
drawing (that is, a drawing scaled down with a given scale factor) is produced instead. In a
scale drawing, all the lengths are decreased by the same scale factor.
Scale drawings are also used when drawing maps.
The scale in a scale drawing is shown using a ratio. For example, a scale of 1:50 means that
1 unit of length in the diagram represents a length which is 50 times bigger in the actual
object. Therefore, 1 cm on the diagram represents 50 cm in real life.
Example 1 (Page 231: Book 2):
1. A diagram is drawn to a scale of 1:25. A line on the diagram has length of 20 cm. What
actual length does it represent?
2. The sketch to the right shows the dimensions of a room.
Draw a scale diagram of the room with a scale of 1:150.

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Example 2:
From Exercise set 24.3 (Book 2) choose 3 points from exercises 1, 2, and 3 and do exercises 4,
5, 6 and 8.