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PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE - 641 004

SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, AUGUST / SEPTEMBER - 2016

(SW)BE / BE –PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Semester : 3/4

12P305 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer ALL questions from GROUP – I.
2. Answer any FOUR questions from GROUP – II.
3. Answer any ONE question from GROUP – III.
4. Ignore the box titled as “Answers for Group III” in the Main Answer Book.
GROUP - I Marks : 10 x 3 = 30

1. What are the properties of real fluid?

2. What is cohesion and adhesion in fluids?
3. Determine the power required to run a 300 mm diameter shaft at 400 rpm in journals with
uniform oil thickness of 1 mm. Two bearings of 300 mm width are used to support the
shaft.
4. What are the assumptions made in deriving Bernoulli’s equation?
5. State Froude’s model law
6. What are the factors influencing the frictional loss in pipe flow?
7. How are the types of turbine selected for the particular application?
8. Explain the need of draft tube.
9. List the advantages of Francis turbine.
10. Define Manometric head.
GROUP - II Marks : 4 x 12.5 = 50

11. Two large plane surfaces are 2.4 cm apart. The space between the surfaces is filled with
glycerin. What force is required to drag a very thin plate of surface area 0.5 m2 between
the two large plane surfaces at a speed of 0.6 m/s if a) the thin plate is in the middle of
two plane surfaces and b) the thin plate is at a distance of 0.8 cm from one of the plane
surfaces? Take the dynamic viscosity of glycerin = 0.84 Ns/m2.
12. Some aeronautical engineers are designing an airplane and wish to predict the lift
produced by their new wing design. The chord length Lc of the wing is 1.12 m, and its
planform area A (area viewed from the top when the wing is at zero angle of attack) is
10.7 m2. The prototype is to fly at V = 52.0 m/s close to the ground where T = 25°C. They
build a one-tenth scale model of the wing to test in a pressurized wind tunnel. The wind
tunnel can be pressurized to a maximum of 5 atm. At what speed and pressure should
they run the wind tunnel in order to achieve dynamic similarity?

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No of Pages : 2 Course Code : 12P305

13. A 6-cm-diameter horizontal water pipe expands gradually to a 9-cm-diameter pipe. The
walls of the expansion section are angled 30° from the horizontal. The average velocity
and pressure of water before the expansion section are 7 m/s and 150 kPa, respectively.
Determine the head loss in the expansion section and the pressure in the larger-
diameter pipe.
14. A uniform free stream of speed V flows parallel to an infinitesimally thin semi-infinite flat
plate. The coordinate system is defined such that the plate begins at the origin. Since the
flow is symmetric about the x-axis, only the upper half of the flow is considered.
Calculate the boundary layer velocity profile along the plate and discuss.
15. An electricity generating installation uses a Francis turbine with the rotational speed of
1260 rpm. The net head across the turbine is 124 m and the volume flow rate is 0.5 m3/s.
The radius of the runner is 0.6 m, the height of the runner vanes at inlet is 0.03 m and
the angle of inlet guide vane is set at 72° from the radial direction. Assuming that the
absolute flow velocity is radial at the exit, find the torque and power exerted by water.
Calculate the hydraulic efficiency.

GROUP - III Marks : 1 x 20 = 20

16. (a) Derive the Navier stokes equation with any specific fluid model. (10)
(b) The jet velocity in a Pelton turbine is 65 m/s. The peripheral velocity of the runner is
25 m/s. The jet is deflected by 160° by the bucket. Determine the power developed
and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine for a flow rate of 0.9m 3/s. The blade friction
coefficient is 0.9. (10)
17 (a) Explain the various internal losses in axial flow turbines. (8)
(b) A commercial airplane has a total mass of 70,000 kg and a wing planform area of
150 m2. The plane has a cruising speed of 558 km/h and a cruising altitude of
12,000 m, where the air density is 0.312 kg/m3. The plane has double-slotted flaps
for use during takeoff and landing, but it cruises with all flaps retracted. Assuming the
lift and the drag characteristics of the wings can be approximated by NACA 23012,
determine (a) the minimum safe speed for takeoff and landing with and without
extending the flaps, (b) the angle of attack to cruise steadily at the cruising altitude,
and (c) the power that needs to be supplied to provide enough thrust to overcome
wing drag. (12)

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