FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

ECW 568 – ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY MANUAL
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COURSE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

COURSE CODE ECW568
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 2
CATEGORY PARRIALLY OPEN ENDED
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 66
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEKS

TITLE JAR TEST

INTRODUCTION
Water treatment is any process that makes water more acceptable for
a specific end-use, which may be drinking, industry, irrigation, river
flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses. Water
treatment should remove existing water contaminants or so reduce
their concentration that their water becomes fit for its desired end-
use, which may be safely returning used water to the environment.
Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of
contaminants from raw water to produce water] that is pure enough
for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of
any adverse health effect. Substances that are removed during the
process of drinking water treatment include suspended solids,
bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and minerals such as iron and
manganese. The processes involved in removing the contaminants
include physical processes such as settling and filtration, chemical
processes such as disinfection and coagulation and biological
processes such as slow sand filtration. Measures taken to ensure water
quality not only relate to the treatment of the water, but to its
conveyance and distribution after treatment. It is therefore common
PREAMBLE practice to have residual disinfectants in the treated water in order to
kill any bacteriological contamination during distribution. World Health
Organization (WHO) guidelines are a general set of standards intended
to be applied where better local standards are not implemented. More
rigorous standards apply across Europe, the USA and in most other
developed countries followed throughout the world for drinking water
quality requirements.
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine optimum dosage of coagulant
2. To measure the water quality parameter such as turbidity, pH
and color before and after the Jar Test.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1. Define the term coagulation and flocculation
2. Identify optimum dosage of coagulant and correlate with
actual water treatment process.
3. Analyse test data and present the solution in proper technical
format.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
ECW 568 – ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
LABORATORY MANUAL
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Work in a group to undertake the task and produce the
relevant technical report.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Surface waters, containing colloidal particles, are normally treated by
coagulation-flocculation followed by clarification process. As a group
PROBLEM STATEMENT
you will be given TWO (2) types of coagulants. You are required to
carry out jar test on the water samples collected by your group using
the appropriate apparatus available in the laboratory.

APPARATUS
Each group must identify the suitable apparatus needed for the
experiment themselves. The correct choice of coagulants is also
important for better results.

PROCEDURES
The group is required to search for the relevant procedure to carry out
WAYS AND MEANS the test based on the available apparatus in your laboratory. The
document must be made ready for verification by the instructor during
the laboratory activity.

DATA ANALYSIS
All data collected and observed during the test must be thoroughly
analyzed and tabulated in proper format for easy verification and
presentation in the technical report.

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

Each group is required to submit a technical report of the laboratory
results highlighting the apparatus used, the procedures undertaken for
the test, data acquisition process, analysis carried out and the
relevancy of the set-out output to address the given problem. The
results should also discuss the suitability of the water sample as water
RESULTS supply with strong supporting points and evidence. The format of the
technical report can be done according to the creativity and the
discretion of the group members.

The report must be submitted within SEVEN (7) days after the
completion of the test.