Vopak Sebarok LNG Facility

Specifications for Geotechnical Investigation

July 2018
CEP.02033-s-0001
Vopak Sebarok LNG Facility
Specifications for Geotechnical Investigation

Document number: CEP.02033-s-0001

Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte Ltd

Penjuru Terminal
59 Penjuru Road,
Singapore 609142

Author
Name: Sithara Fernando /Lim Kang Hai
Direct line: +65 62943033
E-mail: sithara.fernando@dmc.nl / lim.kanghai@dmc.nl
Address: 51 Changi Business Park Central 2 #07-12, The Signature, Singapore 486066

Telephone +65 62943033 / www.dmc.nl / info-singapore@dmc.nl

SFE /
0 Draft 27.07.18 ZQY 27.07.18 ZQY 27.07.18
LKH
Revision Status Author Date Verified Date Released Date
© No part of this report [drawing] and/or design may be reproduced, published and/or passed to any third party, without the prior
written consent of Delta Marine Consultants Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Index

1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 4
1.1 General ............................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Scope.................................................................................................................. 4
2 Site Data ................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Project Location................................................................................................. 4
2.2 General Stratigraphy ......................................................................................... 5
3 Standards for Work.................................................................................. 5
4 Geotechnical Investigation ..................................................................... 5
4.1 Scope of Work ................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Depth of Exploration ......................................................................................... 6
4.3 Working On Site ................................................................................................. 6
4.4 Fieldwork ............................................................................................................ 7
4.4.1 Borehole sampling ............................................................................................................ 7
4.4.2 In-Situ Testing ................................................................................................................... 8
4.4.2.1 SPT Testing .......................................................................................................... 8
4.4.2.2 In-Situ Testing for Cohesive Soils ..................................................................... 8
4.4.2.3 Rock Coring ......................................................................................................... 8
4.5 Laboratory testing ............................................................................................. 8
5 Borehole / CPT specifications .............................................................. 10
5.1 General ............................................................................................................. 10
5.2 Borehole records ............................................................................................. 10
6 Geotechnical Investigation Report ....................................................... 11
Appendix A – Proposed Borehole Locations ................................................... 13

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1 Introduction

1.1 General

Delta Marine Consultants (DMC) have been appointed by Vopak (Further referred to as Client) to provide
a Pre-FEED service for the new LNG Facility in Sebarok Island, Singapore. The LNG Terminal will be a
near-shore ‘LNG to power’ facility that provide power to the onshore terminal and supply LNG as fuel to
local LNG-fueled harbourcraft.

During concept study, soil information is based on existing boreholes for Jetty 8 at the southern side of
the island. DMC recommended Additional boreholes to be carried out for the next phase of project.

1.2 Scope

This document presents the specifications and proposed borehole layout for the additional marine
investigation works.

2 Site Data

2.1 Project Location

Figure 1: Project Location

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2.2 General Stratigraphy

Based on the geology of Pulau Sebarok and some available sea bed stratigraphy of southern side of the
island, the general stratigraphy of the site is expected to comprise of thick soft marine clay followed by
stiff clay. The soft marine clay layer thickness is varying and could be up to 15m. The stiff clay is
expected to be underlain by hard to very hard clay / silt and / or very weak sedimentary rocks.

3 Standards for Work

All works and reporting shall be carried-out in accordance with the following standards:

BS EN 1997-Part1 Geotechnical Design – General Rule

BS EN 1997-Part2 Geotechnical Design – Design Assisted by Laboratory Testing

BS EN 1997-Part3 Geotechnical Design – Design Assisted by Field Testing

BS 6349 Part 1-3 General – Code of Practice for Geotechnical Design

BS 5930 : 2015 Code of Practice for Site Investigations

BS EN ISO 22475 Geotechnical investigation and testing. Sampling methods and

Groundwater Measurements
BS EN ISO 17982 Geotechnical Investigation and testing. Laboratory testing of soil.
BS 1377-2 : 1990 Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes
BS 1377-5 : 1990 Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes
BS 1377-7 : 1990 Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes
BS 1377-8 : 1990 Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes
ISRM 198 Suggested Methods
ASTM D2938 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of
Intact Rock Core Specimens

All works and reporting shall be carried out in accordance with the latest version of above standards:
If no standard for a given part of the works is to be found in the above listed documentation, the
recommendations of other suitable standards shall be used.

4 Geotechnical Investigation

4.1 Scope of Work

The objectives for the geotechnical investigation are:

 Determination general geology and stratigraphy

 Determination of the geotechnical design parameters necessary for basic and detailed design.

The work shall be carried out in accordance with the latest issues of the relevant Codes and Standards
specified in Section 3, unless specifically mentioned. All values shall be stated in SI units.

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The Contractor shall allow in his sum of survey work for carrying out sixteen (16) numbers of marine
boreholes according to the two (2) phases, namely Phase 1 and Phase 2. Borehole locations are
indicated in figure below and can be found in Appendix A.

1. Phase 1 – 6 boreholes (BH 1 to BH6)

2. Phase 2 – 10 boreholes (BH7-16)

Phase 2 shall commenced after the completion of field work for Phase 1.

Figure 2: Borehole Location

4.2 Depth of Exploration

If rock is not reached, the minimum borehole exploration depth shall be 50m from sea bed level. All
boreholes where rock (Cu>300kPa) is encountered shall be advanced a minimum of 15m into the rock. If
competent rock (UCS>25MPa) is encountered within 15m, the borehole shall advance a minimum of 5m
into the competent rock stratum. Regardless of the above criteria, boreholes shall be advanced a
minimum of a total of 10m in rock.

4.3 Working On Site

For working within the vicinity, the Contractor(s) shall note the following:

1. Other operations shall be given priority over borehole drilling, and disruptions to other operations
in the vicinity shall be minimized. The Contractor is deemed to have allowed for the cost for all
standby time in his contract sum.
2. The Contractor(s) shall submit the methodology, time schedule and types of vessels to be used
for the survey works at least one (1) weeks in advance to Client’s Representative to facilitate their
planning.
3. The Contractor(s) shall be responsible for liaising with Client, its agents/ stakeholders/
contractors/ lessees and other contractors in the vicinity to determine the available window
periods to carry the survey works at the Working Area.
4. The Contractor(s) shall comply with the conditions of Port Master’s Department, Client for
working in the Working Area.

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 5. In the event that the Contractor(s) is unable to drill any borehole(s) (“Affected Boreholes”) due to
site constraints and not, for the avoidance of doubt, by any reasons within the Contractor’s
control, the Contractor shall, at his sole discretion, to propose the location(s) of any borehole(s)
and submit for approval. The Contractor is deemed to have included all the costs owing to the
adjustment of the location(s) of any borehole(s) and no claim will be entertained by the Client in
compliance with the causes mentioned above.
6. The Contractor shall also carry out all necessary studies and investigations and determine
whether his method of executing the Works and the timing of his Works, in relation to the tides
and currents, would in any way affect the efficient operations of survey work.

4.4 Fieldwork

The fieldwork consists of boreholes to identify the stratigraphy and to collect samples for laboratory
testing. Borehole locations are indicated in Attachment A.

The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing the baseline and survey stations required for the
setting out of the borehole locations, as well as for setting out all the boreholes including establishing
levels at each borehole.
The Contractor shall provide the survey team and all necessary survey equipment such as theodolites,
electronic distance measuring equipment transponders, DGPs, total measuring stations, etc. necessary to
carry out the above works. The Contractor is also required to provide all details of survey equipment to be
used and survey field records for the checking by the Client’s Representative. Details of the survey
equipment used must also be given to the Client’s Representative for his approval.
Transportation of men and equipment are deemed to be included in the sum of the survey work.
The provisional locations of exploratory holes are shown on the drawing. These will be provisional only
and may be amended before or during the investigation. Boreholes shall be sunk within 3m of the desired
location. Seabed levels shall be recorded to within ± 0.5m of the actual location. Seabed levels shall be
recorded within ± 0.1m. Levels shall be recorded in meters in Chart Datum. If tide tables are used to give
sea levels from which the sea bed level is calculated, the time of measurement and sea level assumed
shall be reported, and measurement shall be repeated at a different state of the tide.
When the penetration depths are measured relative to a seabed frame or similar, the penetration of the
frame into the seabed shall be recorded.

The boreholes shall be carried out in a way which allows for a continuous description of the soil profile
and enables a proper recovery of high quality undisturbed samples in cohesive materials, disturbed
samples in non-cohesive materials and execution of Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs).

The Contractor shall provide detailed information on proposed equipment to be used together with a
detailed method statement on the application.

4.4.1 Borehole sampling

Sampling, sample descriptions and sample handling shall be carried out in accordance with the latest
issue of standards listed in section 3. All samples shall be described on site on the same day as the
samples are taken and basic classification tests shall be conducted in the site laboratory. More advanced
classification, strength and consolidation tests shall be conducted in a specialized geotechnical
laboratory. Cohesive soil specimens selected for these advanced tests shall be placed in carton cylinders
and be sealed with wax at both ends. A significant number of extra waxed tubes shall be prepared to
allow for additional testing in the laboratory. The sealing shall be made within half an hour after the
sample is extruded and described.

Samples shall (preferably) be taken by a Shelby Tube Sampler, followed by SPT testing. Shelby samples
shall be taken by a 100mm diameter sampler. The Shelby (undisturbed) samples obtained shall be tested
in the field by Torvane and Pocket Penetrometer testing, before sealing and packing of the samples. After

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sealing, wrapping and labelling the Shelby tubes shall be taken to the laboratory for testing, with as little
disturbance as possible.
All samples shall be taken by an experienced drill master under supervision of Contractor's engineer.
Sampling shall be carried out only after ensuring that the borehole is clean. Only in non-cohesive layers a
core catcher may be used, subject to approval by the Client.

Disturbed samples shall be stored in water tight bags or containers.

Samples shall be taken at an average interval of 2 meter or at change of strata. In the non-cohesive
strata sampling should be performed using a splitspoon sampler, with standard SPT blow-count while
testing. The samples shall be described, bagged and labelled for laboratory testing.

4.4.2 In-Situ Testing

4.4.2.1 SPT Testing

A minimum of 100 blows shall be used for SPT tests failing to reach the full penetration of 300mm (plus
150mm seating drive).
In mixed soils and residual soils, undisturbed sampling and SPT testing shall be alternated such that an
undisturbed sample and a SPT test are carried out within every 3m bored.

A table of corrected N-values shall also be provided with applied corrections for depth, local effective
stress, hammer performance etc. The text of the report shall clearly state the corrections applied.

4.4.2.2 In-Situ Testing for Cohesive Soils

In-Situ testing by Pocket Penetrometer in hard clay and Torvane in very soft to very stiff clays shall be
carried out.

4.4.2.3 Rock Coring

In rock formations continuous coring shall be performed, with as minimum specification a double tube
core barrel. The minimum core diameter shall be 63mm, or HQ(3).

The cores will be recovered from the core barrel in a careful and appropriate way, and stored in core
boxes. The core boxes need to be covered with plastic liner to prevent dehydration of the samples. Rock
descriptions, photos and core recovery statistics (TCR, SCR, RQD) shall be made prior to transfer of the
cores to the laboratory. The zone broken or destroyed by SPT sampling should be identified, and
excluded from the core recovery indices.

4.5 Laboratory testing

Non-cohesive soils

Test Standard Frequency/ borehole

Classification Testing *) BS-EN-ISO- 1 for each geotechnical unit, with a
17982, BS 1377-2 minimum of once every 5 meters
Direct shear test BS 1377 -7 1 for each geotechnical unit, with a
minimum of once every 5 meters
Carbonate content BS-EN-ISO- 1 for each geotechnical unit, with a
10693:2014 minimum of once every 5 meters
*) PSD by wet sieving and Hydrometer method, wet and dry bulk density, specific gravity/particle density
Table 1: Laboratory tests on non-cohesive samples

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Cohesive soils
Test
Classification Testing *)
Triaxial testing Consolidated
undrained with pore pressure
measurement [CUPP]
Triaxial testing
Unconsolidated undrained
[UU]
Oedometer testing
(7 load steps)
*)Wet and dry bulk density, water content, Atterberg Limits, specific gravity/particle density
Table 2: Laboratory tests on cohesive samples
Rock samples
Test
Unconfined Compressive
Strength *)
Point load tests (Is50)*)
Carbonate Content
Porosity
Bulk density
Specific Gravity
*) Sufficient sample heights shall be selected in order to facilitate UCS- and point load testing
Table 3: Laboratory Tests on rock samples
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Standard Frequency per boring
BS 1377 -2 1 for each geotechnical unit, with a
minimum of once every 2 meters
BS 1377 -8 1 for every geotechnical unit found in the
investigation, with a minimum of once
every 5m.
BS 1377 -7 1 for every geotechnical unit found in the
investigation, with a minimum of once
every 5m.
BS 1377 -5 1 for every geotechnical unit found in the
investigation, with a minimum of once
every 5 m. Tests should include for soft,
stiff and very stiff cohesive soil layers
with initial void ratio measurements
including loading and reloading curves
for measurement of Cc, Cr, Cv.
Standard Frequency per boring
ISRM or ASTM One test every 5 meters, with a
D2938-1995 minimum of one for each
geotechnical unit
ISRM 1985 One for every geotechnical unit, with
suggested a minimum of once every 3 meter. At
method the levels of the UCS test; the Point
load sample should be selected at
the same level as the UCS sample
(or very close to that sample), to
enable a correlation between UCS
and Point Load value.
One test every 5 meters in
BS1377-3;1990 sedimentary rock
1 for every geotechnical unit, with a
BS1377-8:1990 minimum of once every 5 metre(s)
1 for every geotechnical unit, with a
BS1377-8:1990 minimum of once every 5 metre
BS 1377-2:1990 3 for every geological unit throughout
or ASTM C-128 the investigation
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5 Borehole / CPT specifications

5.1 General

Ground Investigation on land shall be started with the surveying and setting out of all boreholes, CPT’s
and test locations. Mean Sea Level (MSL) shall be used as the reference level. Co-ordinates of the test
locations shall be linked to the existing Plant Grid.

Positioning of the boreholes should be carried out on the basis using a D-GPS system or better.
Locations of marine boreholes should be within 5m from the intended locations. Final location shall be
determined based on D-GPS or total station measurement and seabed levels should be recorded in m
CD.

The boreholes should be performed according to the normal standards of geotechnical work; testing and
description should be executed according to standard specified in Section 3 or equivalent ASTM
standard. Field logs will be made containing the drilling information, environmental data (weather, sea),
field data of drilling, SPT-N values, Seabed Level, Coordinates and a preliminary interpretative soil
description.

Laboratory testing is specified in chapter 4.4, based on European standards. Equivalent ASTM standards
may be used after consultation with the engineer.

Marine Borehole depths should be corrected for tide, and samples must be labelled with the correct
levels, referenced to CD. Setting up a tidal gauge and continuous monitoring will be required.

Soft (unconsolidated) sediments shall be tested and sampled by SPT and Shelby tube (undisturbed
sampling). Hard strata have to be sampled by coring.

Field logs (temporary logs) shall be prepared and submitted no later than the day after completion of a
borehole. Sample selection for testing will be indicated based on the field logs, and submitted as soon as
available but before testing to allow for change and / or additional testing indicated by the supervising
engineer.

5.2 Borehole records

For each borehole a record shall be made containing the data as indicated in Table 4.

1. Contract Title and Reference Number

2. Contractor’s Name, name of operator, name of the engineer
3. Exploratory hole reference number, location, Coordinates, diameter/size, date, time
4. Ground level referred to Specified Datum
5. Equipment in use
6. Data on the stability of the exploratory hole and details of casing/shoring used
7. Depth of each change of stratum
8. Contract Title and Reference Number
9. Contractor’s Name, name of operator, name of the engineer
10. Exploratory hole reference number, location, Coordinates, diameter/size, date, time
11. Ground level referred to Specified Datum
12. Equipment in use
13. Data on the stability of the exploratory hole and details of casing/shoring used
14. Depth of each change of stratum

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 15. Elevation of each stratum referred to Specified Datum
16. The depths at which samples were taken or the limits between which “undisturbed” or
bulk disturbed samples were obtained
17. The depth and details of all in situ tests (SPT’s; PP Results; Torvane Results)
18. Symbolic legend of strata encountered in accordance with standard specified in
Section 3 on a suitable scale
19. Engineering description of each stratum and geological information in accordance
with standard specified in Section 3
20. Orientation of the drill hole given as an angle to the horizontal and the azimuth [0-360
degrees clockwise relative to Grid North]
21. Method of penetration and flushing system
22. Condition of return of fluid flush and type of cuttings
23. Type of core barrel and bit used & condition
24. Depth and times of start and finish of each core run
25. Core diameters and depths to changes in core diameter
26. Total core recovery with information as to possible location of core losses for each
core run TCR
27. Solid core recovery as percentage of each core run SCR
28. Rock quality designation RQD [after Deere et al 1967]
29. A systematic rock description of all cores by a geologist/engineering geologist in
accordance with the recommendations of standard specified in Section 3
Table 4: Requirement for borehole records

6 Geotechnical Investigation Report

The Contractor shall prepare a draft and final factual report, which shall contain relevant summaries of the
daily field records and complete records of boreholes, in-situ test results and results of laboratory testing.
The factual report shall also provide relevant correlations of parameters, which are determined by the
various field and laboratory tests and a detailed description of the soil. In case same soil parameters can
be derived from different tests, carried out as a part of the scope of work, results from those tests shall be
correlated. (e.g. CPT/type of soil, CPT/SPT, cu from SPT/CPT, cu from field / lab. Tests etc.). Full method
statements, description of equipment, special difficulties and any other relevant remarks shall be included
in the factual report. Furthermore, the individual borehole results shall be integrated and correlated with
all other boreholes, laboratory testing and in-situ testing (SPT, CPT) results.

The Factual Geotechnical report shall, as a minimum, contain the following information, in a suitable
format:

 A brief factual description of the investigation, stating the aim of the investigation, the numbers
and types of exploratory holes, time of year and weather and sea conditions encountered (when
relevant), a brief description of the site operations, list of laboratory tests and a summary of
general geology and revealed strata;
 Methodology, equipment and photographs;

 All borehole logs and records as described in 3, 4 and 5.

 All CPT logs and records as described in x, y and z.
 All in-situ test records and results
 All Laboratory test results
 Summary sheet of all in situ and laboratory test results
 Location map with exploratory holes in a UTM grid including a north sign;

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  Geotechnical longitudinal profiles and cross sections, inclusive soil layers and boring logs;
 Photo’s of undisturbed samples and core boxes

A Draft Factual Geotechnical Report is to be submitted within 3 weeks of completion of laboratory

investigation. The approved final reports shall be submitted 1 week after receiving Client’s comments.

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Appendix A – Proposed Borehole Locations

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 LEGEND:

PHASE 1 BORE HOLE (6 NOS.)

PHASE 2 BORE HOLE (10 NOS.)

BH-3

BH-11
BH-4
BH-10 BH-12 BH-13
BH-2

BH-5
BH-9

BH-14 BH-15

BH-1
BH-8

BH-16

BH-7

BH-6