MARGARITA UNIVERSITY

ALMA MATE OF THE CARIBBEAN

DEAN OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH

M-01

SENTENCES,

CONJUNCTIONS AND CLAUSES

TEACHER: STUDENT:

MARIA GABRIELA BOCALETTI GABRIELA HERNANDEZ

C.I. 28.344.131

THE VALLEY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT, MARCH 2020

 Index

Content

Page

Introduction……………………………………………………….1

Sentences………………………………………………………….2

The subject in sentences….…………………………………….3

Types of sentences………………………………………………4, 5

Conjunctions…………………………………………………….6

Subordinating conjunctions……………………………………..7

Clauses…………………………………………………………..8

Conclusion………………………………………………………9

References……………………………………………………..10
 INTRODUCTION

Sentences are a set of words gruped to form a specific phrase,

these are made up of a verb and a complement. In turn, they have

other essential elements to make sense of them, among them are the

articles, prepositions, determinants. Conjunctions, among others.

The subject of a sentence is the one who perfoms the action. It is

very easy to find the subject of the sentence, if you get the verb,

you already find the subject. For sentence analysis, the one who

performs the action is known as the agent of the sentence; in an

active sentence, the subject is the agent. In english, the normal

order of sentence is subject+verb+complement. On several

occasions the verb goes before the subject. Knowing the elements

that make up the sentence, it is important to mention one of them,

the conjunctios, they are words or phrases that are used to join two

independent clauses. The conjunctions are divided into two:

coodinate and subordinate. Similary, sentences are divide into

several types: interrogatives, declaratives, exclamatory, imperative,

coordinated, subordinated and juxtaposed.

 SENTENCES

Is a unit of expression, is usually formed by

subject+verb+complement and others elements.

It can contain more than one clause. In writing, a sentence typically

begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.

Sentences are made up of a noun phrase that is subject and

verbal one that is the predicate. The subject sule to be express, but

although in some occasions it is omitted, also in some cases the

verb is in impersonal form, nevertheless ot does not stop being

sentence.

Generally, each sentence beings after a punctuation mark

(period, semicolon, colon) and ends in another punctuation mark.

Sentence structure:

A nominal or subject phrase: it can be made up of one or

more nouns, which, in turn. can be explicito r implicit.

A verbal phrase or predicate: composed of one or more verbs

(explicito r implicit) and elements that accompany the verb and

modify it.

Coherence of a sentence: in a sentence there must be

internal coherence and that it does not need another sentence to be

understood. However, there are sentences that do complement each

other in terms of the information they transmit, as it does in the

case of sentences of the same text.

There cannot be a period in the middle of the sentence

structure, but a comma or semicolon can be found.

THE SUBJECT IN SENTENCES

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea

that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a

sentence if you can find the verb. The subject of a sentence is the

person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You

can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. In

English, the subject of a command, order, or suggestion — you, the

person being directed — is usually left out of the sentence and is

said to be the understood subject:

[You] Step lively there or I'll leave you behind!

Before assembling the swingset, [you] read these instructions

carefully.

For purposes of sentence analysis, the do-er or the initiator of

action in a sentence is referred to as the agent of the sentence. In an

active sentence, the subject is the agent:

Example:

The Johnsons added a double garage to their house.

The normal English order of subject-verb-completer is disturbed

only occasionally but under several circumstances. Burchfield*

lists about ten situations in which the subject will come after the

verb. The most important of these are as follows:

A) In questions (routinely): "Have you eaten breakfast yet?" "Are you ready?"

B) In expletive constructions: "There were four basic causes of the Civil War."

"Here is the book."

TYPES OF SENTENCES

There are four main types of sentences:

A) Simple or Declarative Sentence: These sentences are used to state information.

They are the most commonly used sentence type.

For example:

1) She runs.

2) Ice is cold.

A compound declarative sentence joins two related prashes

together. The prases are joined by a comma and a conjunction such

as and, yet or but. Some examples of compound declarative

sentences:

1) Marie loves the beach, yet she hates sand.

2) She Plays the piano, and he sings along.

B) Imperative Sentences: These sentences give commands or make requests.

Imperative sentences end with a period.

For example:

1) Play with intensity and courage.

2) Never forget the person who loves you.

C) Interrogative Sentences: These sentences ask questions. Accordingly, they end

with a question mark

For example:

1) Did Nina sleep well?

2) Are my kids cute or do they make people uncomfortable?

D) Exclamatives sentences: are used to make exclamations, these are used to

express strong feelings, strongs emphasis or emotion.

For example:

1) What a surprise!

2) How wonderful you look!

E) Subordinate sentences: compound sentences where one of them depends on

the other that is the main one and that are linked by a subordinate link.

For exmaple:

1) The girl thougtht she could not go to birthday.

2) My aunt plans to come over the weekend.

F) Coordinated sentences: compound sentences that deliver

independent information, where the coordinating link only unites

them and is not part of them. Thus, each proposition has complete

meaning.

For example:

1) Juan is 5th and Maria is 6th.

2) We were late so the teachers were very angry.

g) Juxtaposed sentences: are compound sentences made up of

several simple sentences that are separated by commas (,)

semicolons (;) or colon (: ). Furthermore, they do not have any

connections links.

For exmaple:

1) The party was a success, everyone was happy.

2) The big day arrived: today Juan Ramos debutd in the national team.

CONJUCTIONS

Conjunctions are words or phrases that are used to join two

independent clauses together. Some writers would argue that the

conjunction itself is an adequate separation and would omit the

comma in sentences where the two clauses are short and balanced.

Traditional grammar usually distinguishes between coordinating or

proper conjunctions and subordinate or improper conjunctions.

 The coordinating or proper are trose that unite words,

pharses and sentences of the same syntactic level, so that their

elements are interchangeable without altering the joint meaning.

For example:

1) Luis walked sad and sad.

2) Roy went to Kenya for his holiday, and Steve went to Dorset.

3) Rafael and Gabriela went to sunny Barrow in Furness on holiday this year.

4) I got up and left as son as I could.

5) They told me to wait in this room.

6) Althogth I was not feelling well, I went to the interview.

7) I ran out of merchandise, so I decided to close earlier.

8) Reserve a portion of the frosting to decorate the caje.

9) I will inform you as son as I know something else.

 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

As well as the coordinating conjunctions noted and

explained above, there is a whole raft of subordinating

conjunctions. Some of them are:

After

Although

As

As if

As long as

As though

Because

Before

Even if

Even though

The subordinate conjunctions degrade the sentence in which

they are inserted and functionally transpose it to a unit of lower

Rank that fulfills some of the functions of the noun, the adjective

or from the adverb.

For example:

1) The book you lent me is good.

2) I did it when you told me

 CLAUSES

In a language, a clause is a part of the sentence that contains

a verb. A typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate, the

latter typically a verb phrase, a verb with any objects and other

modifiers.

A simple sentence usually consists of a single finite clause with a

finite verb that is independent.

Types of clauses:

Dependent clauses: The dependent clauses contain a subject and

a verb but do not express a complete idea. A dependent clause is

not a complete sentence.

Examples:

1) I planted flowers because I like flowers.

2) I danced in the academy because I like.

Independent clauses: An independent clause is a group of

related words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a

complete idea. The independent clauses are complete sentences.

Examples:

1) Jim studied in the Sweet shop for his chemistry quiz.

2) When Gabriela studied english, she was very attentive.

CONCLUSION
 Sentences are essential in both oral and written language,

since it has an initial pause, a final pause and its own intonation.

It is very important to know how to coordinate words from the

linguistic level to understand what we want to express or transmit,

which is why sentences are complete and clear ideas. In this way

we can dialogue, give opinions and interact with other people.

People spend much of our time communicating verbally. Also

through body expressions such as the movement of the hands, the

distances that people maintain from each other, etc.

At this point, it is important to highlight, as we analized previously,

that sentences are classified into various types and, in turn, these

types help us to improve communication and understand what we

want to express regarding the topic we want to talk about. On the

other hand, conjunctions are of great importance because they teach

us that we can better organize sentences before transmiting them

orally or verbally.

REFERENCES
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/sentences/

https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-

rules/conjunctions/

https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/clause.htm

https://www.sentences.com/

https//www.examples.yourdictionary.com/