DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

for SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Mr. Elwin A. Narciso, LPT
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE
APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE
APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE
AND COUNSELLING
 Chapter 3│Counseling as Profession and
Practice
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to:
1. identify the practitioners of counseling and discuss their
various roles and tasks;
2. discuss the core competencies of counseling professionals;
and
3. discuss the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of
counselors; and
4. discuss the Code of Ethics and the major principles that
govern ethical behavior in counseling
 PROFESSIONALS
AND PRACTITIONERS
OF COUNSELING
 PROFESSIONALS
AND PRACTITIONERS
OF COUNSELING
 THE RA 9258
➢An act professionalizing the practice of
guidance and counseling and creating for
this purpose a professional regulatory
board of guidance and counseling,
appropriating funds therefor and for other
purposes.
➢The basis for creating the Board of
Guidance and Counseling, which
administers the licensure examination for
counselors. Counselors are also guided by a
Code of Conduct.
 THE RA 9258
➢ The professionals and practitioners of counseling
includes the following:
✓ Guidance Counselors
✓ Human Resource Development Specialist
✓ Career Counselors
✓ Marriage Counselors
✓ Psychiatrist
✓ Child Counselors
✓ Adult Counselors
✓ Geriatric Counselors, and
✓ Clinical Psychologist
SCHOOL COUNSELORS
 SCHOOL COUNSELOR
➢ Are those that who help students deal
with hindrances in their studies.
➢ They play an important role in crisis
intervention following traumatic events
like a violent incident or the death of a
teacher or classmate.
➢ They also help students better navigate the
stresses that they experience and prevent
these from interfering with their academic
performance.
CAREER COUNSELORS
 CAREER COUNSELORS
➢ Are those that help clients prepare for
the start of their professional lives,
adjust to workplace, and succeed in
their careers.
➢ They usually found in schools as well as
in public and private organization
➢ They provide consulting, coaching, and
counseling for clients who want to
explore their interests and make choices
that will improve their careers.
 CAREER COUNSELORS
➢ Career Counselors consider factors such
as personality, aptitude, interests, and
behavior in helping clients choose
careers that will make them happy.
➢ They also work in career centers and
recruitment firms to match candidates
with the right job opportunities.
CHILD ABUSE COUNSELORS
 CHILD ABUSE COUNSELORS
➢ Are those counselors who help victims of
child abuse rebuild their psyche, trust to
others, and gain happiness.
➢ These counselors use their training to
identify, analyze, and treat specific
symptoms of child abuse.
➢ Provides necessary therapy to help the
child overcome ordeal.
➢ They may have private clinics or offices
and may also be employed in schools,
colleges or universities
CHILD COUNSELORS
 CHILD COUNSELORS
➢ Are counselors that provide
counseling services for children,
adolescents, and their families.
➢ Clinical Psychologists and
Psychiatrists can also be considered
child counselors.
➢ They assess children for specific issues
such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and Autism.
 CHILD COUNSELORS
➢ They also provide counseling for
children with behavioral, social, or
emotional issues.
➢ They use their training to help families
identify and treat issues in children
such as weight disorder, anger
management problems, and social
anxiety.
GERIATRIC COUNSELORS
 GERIATRIC COUNSELORS
➢ Provide counseling services to senior
citizens and families. They help senior
citizens live a more fulfilling and
comfortable life.
➢ The families of senior citizens take
part in the counseling process to help
them better understand the issues of
the elderly.
 GERIATRIC COUNSELORS
➢ Geriatric counselors are often hired by
agencies and organizations that serve
the elderly such as hospitals, homes
for the aged, retirements home,
independent living communities, and
long-and short-term care facilities.
➢ Geriatric counselors may also have
their private clinics.
DEPRESSION COUNSELORS
 DEPRESSION COUNSELORS
➢ Help people who deal with the
mental, emotional, and physical issues
arising out of depression. These are
usually psychiatrists who not only
perform counseling but also prescribe
appropriate medical treatment.
➢ Depression counselling encourages
the family of the client to give him or
her support toward reaching full
recovery.
 DEPRESSION COUNSELORS
➢ Depression counsellors work in
hospitals and private clinics.
➢ Many government agencies such as
embassies also hire depression
counsellors to assist foreigners who
are having difficulties adjusting to
their new environment and are
experiencing “culture shock”.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
COUNSELORS
 COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
COUNSELORS
➢ Provide therapy, counseling, and
coaching services to help minimize
mental health issues and promote
mental health in communities. They
bridge the gap between the people
and the institutions and agencies that
provide access to mental health
facilities and services.
 COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
COUNSELORS
➢ In addition, community mental health
workers provide debriefing sessions
for victims of disasters such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
typhoons. Community mental health
workers are employed by the
government to serve in marginalized
communities.
LEGAL COUNSELORS
 LEGAL COUNSELORS
➢ They are usually lawyers who
rehabilitate inmates and help them
adjust to their incarceration. They also
provide counseling to inmates about
to be freed to help them become
better citizens of the community.
Legal counselors usually work in
prisons or correctional facilities.
 LEGAL COUNSELORS
➢ They may also be in local
communities, where they can help
resolve interpersonal conflicts. There
are also legal counselors in foreign
embassies who help citizens going
through difficult times e.g., on the
verge of a possible deportation or
divorce from foreign husband and
wife.
GRIEF COUNSELORS
 GRIEF COUNSELORS
➢ They help people cope with the loss that
usually follows the death of a loved one.
They also help the survivors of those
disasters and calamities cope up with their
losses which may include lives and
properties. Grief counselors may have
private offices or they can also make their
services available to communities
victimized by natural and man-made
disasters. The service of grief counselors
are also available in hospitals.
HOSPITAL COUNSELORS
 HOSPITAL COUNSELORS
➢ Help patients develop a positive view
of their confinement. These
counselors can also be social workers
providing assistance to indigent
patients by linking them with
charitable institutions.
➢ Hospital counselors with doctorate
degrees can also assume the position
of clinical supervisors or many other
jobs in hospital administration.
DRUG ABUSE COUNSELORS
 DRUG ABUSE COUNSELORS
➢ Are specialized counselors who are in
charged in counselling drug-
dependent/addict people.
➢ They may be hired in inpatient or
outpatient facilities. In inpatient facilities,
counselors assist in the case of high-risk
patients battling substance abuse. In
outpatient facilities, counselors are hired
to provide treatment during the day while
patients are allowed to return to their
work at night.
 DRUG ABUSE COUNSELORS
➢ These counselors may also serve as a
detox specialists or crisis workers in a
detoxification center, where people
dealing with substance abuse first
head for recovery.
➢ They may also be found in private
clinics or in non-governmental
organizations helping people facing
drug abuse.
RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITIES
COUNSELORS
 RESIDENTIAL CARE
FACILITIES COUNSELORS
➢ They assist and monitor people
temporarily living in foster care
facilities, including those that house
troubled or risk youth. Boys Town is
an example of a residential care
facility in the Philippines
RELIGIOUS OR SPIRITUAL
COUNSELORS
 RELIGIOUS OR SPIRITUAL
COUNSELORS
➢ Specialize in combining mental health
counseling with Christian beliefs in their
practice. They often work in a religious
environment such as the church. Priests
and nuns can be considered religious
counselors.
➢ They counsel clients who are troubled not
only in their faith but also with other
issues such as domestic abuse or violence,
as well as separation.
OTHER PROFESSIONAL
COUNSELORS
 NOTE:
➢ The list presented is not exhausted.
Professional counselors may also
work/consider as teachers, researchers,
textbook writers, human resource
development specialist, curriculum
designers, community organizers,
administrators of health care facilities,
mentors of aspiring counselors, insurance
advisors, life coaches, travel counselors
and public relation officers.
COMPETENCIES
OF COUNSELING
 PROFESSIONALISM
➢ Counselors are expected to follow the
policies and procedures of the institutions
they are affiliated with. They are also
expected to be highly organized and
exhibit integrity.
 ACCOUNTABILITY
➢ Counselors must take responsibility for their
own actions. They must value the
commitments they have made with clients
and other parties.
➢ A situation in which someone is responsible
for things that happen and can give
satisfactory reason in doing them so.
 CONCERN FOR THE
WELFARE OF OTHERS
➢ Counselors make sure that they look
after the welfare of their clients. They
demonstrate compassion and are
aware and sensitive to the various
cultural and personal backgrounds of
their clients.
 PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
➢ Counselors think and act like professionals.
They are usually members of professional
organizations for guidance counselors.
➢ Professional identity is one's self as
perceived in relation to a profession and to
one's membership of it. Professional
identity is created through one's beliefs
and attitudes, values, motives and
experiences through which individuals
define themselves, in their current or
anticipated professional life.
 GOOD SOCIAL SKILLS
➢ Counselors must be able to relate well
with different types of people, groups,
and communities. They must maintain
productive and respectful
relationships with clients, peers,
supervisors, and professionals from
other disciplines.
 EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
➢ Counselors should be able to clearly
communicate ideas, feelings, and
information through verbal, non-
verbal, and written skills. They use
professional terms and concepts
appropriately and clearly in
discussions as well as in case reports.
 BASIC HELPING SKILLS
➢ These relate to the counselors’
readiness to help their clients. The
counselor listens and is empathetic
towards others. He or she respects and
show interest in other cultures, as well
as the experiences, values, points of
view, goals, desires, and fears of other
people. He/ she also effectively uses
verbal and non-verbal communication.
 KNOWLEDGE OF KEY ISSUES AND
CONCEPTS IN RELATED DISCIPLINES
➢ Counselors must be open to working
with professionals from other related
disciplines such as social work and
psychology. They must also recognize
the contributions of other disciplines
in the development of counseling
practices.
 SCIENTIFIC-MINDEDNESS
➢ Counselors are expected to display
critical and scientific thinking and
apply scientific methods in their
practice. They evaluate the
methodologies of studies and the
scientific basis of their findings.
 AWARENESS AND APPLICATION
OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

➢ Counselors should apply the concepts

of informed consent and
confidentiality in their practice. They
must also value morality in their work,
as well as honesty and integrity.
 OBSERVATIONAL SKILLS
➢ Counselors must be able to observe
client’s facial expressions, body
language, and social interactions
during counseling sessions. These will
give them clues to their client’s
attitude and behavior. Observational
tools usually used by counselors
include interviews and psychological
tests.
 THINKING SKILLS
➢ During the counseling sessions,
counselors use a variety of thinking
skills, from analysis to problem solving
skills. Reasoning skills enable the
counselors to see connections
between issues that seem to be
unrelated to each other.
 COMPUTER SKILLS
➢ Counselors should be adept at using
computers and other devices, as these can
help them perform their tasks more easily.
For instance, they need to use note-taking
applications effectively and find ways to
retrieve client data as safely as possible. They
also need to be skilled in using medical
software to store and analyze client records,
spreadsheets and word processing program
to write reports, and billing programs to
submit and track invoices for clients and
insurance companies.
 THE RIGHTS,
RESPONSIBILITIES AND
ACCOUNTABILITIES OF
COUNSELORS
 RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES &
ACCOUNTABILITIES
➢ The effectiveness of counselling is
determined by the client’s capability for
self-disclosure and self-exploration and
motivation to change his or her attitudes
and behaviors. This is why successful
counseling requires a skilled, empathetic,
and trustworthy counselor.
➢ The following are the rights,
responsibilities and accountabilities of
counselors:
 RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES &
ACCOUNTABILITIES
1. Counselors must value their client’s trust, be
sensitive to their needs and beliefs, observe
limits in their power, and only utilize
counseling interventions that they are fully
prepared to use.
2. Counselors must also follow their Code of
Ethics. They should know it by heart and
adhere to its principles and values. They
should also be familiar with other sources of
information which will assist them in
making informed professional decisions.
 RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES &
ACCOUNTABILITIES
3. Counselors must maintain a high standard of
professional competence. They must continue their
education in the discipline in order to enhance their
expertise, and also to ensure the renewal if their
licenses.
4. Counselors are accountable to their clients, their
peers, and the general public. Should they fail to
uphold the standards of their practice, they may be
subject to complaints and disciplinary procedures.
Professional organizations, such as the Philippine
Guidance and Counseling Association, and the
Psychological Association of the Philippines provide
support and training for counselors.
CODE OF ETHICS
 CODE OF ETHICS
➢ The outline of a particular set of behaviors
that is expected to the professionals, as well
as certain prohibitions. An example of
behavior expected from counselors is
keeping counselling records confidential,
while the example of prohibited behavior is
stating fake credentials.
➢ It also discusses principles that counselors can
use to guide their actions. Examples of such
principles include respect for human rights
and dignity and ensuring the integrity of the
counselor-client relationship.
 CODE OF ETHICS
➢ The Code of Ethics discusses how the
counselor should relate to his or her
clients, colleagues, employers, peers, and
the public, and emphasizes the
counselor’s responsibility to promote the
welfare of the client.
➢ The Code also includes provisions
describing the client’s right to privacy,
accurate assessment of needs, freedom of
choice, and fair and competent treatment
or referral.
 CODE OF ETHICS
➢ It also points out that counselors must present
their training and experience accurately, be fair
in assigning fees for services, be updated with
the latest trends in the discipline, conduct
research responsibly, and train future
counselors.
➢ It elaborates on how counselors must balance
their professional responsibilities to clients and
their employers.
➢ it also explicitly prohibits certain behaviors such
as developing sexual relationships with clients,
claiming degrees not earned, and using
psychological tests inappropriately.
 CODE OF ETHICS
➢ Lastly, the Code of Ethics recognizes the
relationship between ethical standards
and the law, and advises practitioners to
abide by the laws of their jurisdiction
unless these are unethical. It also
obligates counselors not only to act
ethically in their own interactions but also
to intervene at some level in known
ethical violations of colleagues (Patterson
and Welfel 2000).
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
OF COUNSELING
 RESPECT OF AUTONOMY
➢ Autonomy is the individual’s right to self-
determination. Individuals have a right to
think as they wish, even if others disagree.
They also have the right to act freely even if
others don’t like their choices.
➢ Autonomy should always be respected, but it
is limited by two restrictions:
1. First, the right of the individuals end where
rights of others begin. This means that a
person has the right to act as he or she
wishes, but must avoid violating the rights of
others.
 RESPECT OF AUTONOMY
2. Second, respect for autonomy
assumes that individuals are capable
of understanding the implications
and consequences of the choices they
make.
 BENEFINENCE
➢ Counselors must do all they can to help their
clients. This is important since counselors are
paid professionals-they receive payments for
their services-and have specialized training in
counseling, unlike the client’s friends or personal
confidants.
➢ Moreover, valuing benefinence also means that
the counselor cannot end up the process without
seeing improvement in the client. Failing to help
the client improve his or her life is considered a
failure of the counselor to achieve his or her
goal, which is to help clients address their
problems successfully.
 NONMALEFINENCE
➢ This is the responsibility of preventing the
client from getting worse, be it by intention,
reckless action or incompetence. When used
ineffectively, counseling and therapy become
disadvantageous for the client. It is thus
imperative that counselors make the accurate
assessment, choose counseling strategies
wisely, and closely monitor the impact of
counseling on the client.
➢ It also obliges to avoid exposing clients to
research or experimental treatments with
high risk and little benefit.
 JUSTICE
➢ In counseling, upholding justice
involves treating all clients equally,
regardless of their status in life.
Counselors must set goals and devise
strategies based on the individual
characteristics of the client and not on
discriminatory attitudes towards
groups. Moreover, counselors must
use strategies appropriate to the
culture of the client.
 FIDELITY
➢ Fidelity involves being “loyal” to the client.
For instance, counselors must make a
promise to not divulge what the client tells
them. Counselors can only disclose
information from the client when there is a
significant reason to do so, and it must be
ultimately for the client’s benefit. If the
counselor needs to disclose client
information, the reason for doing so must
be explained, as well as its consequences.
 FIDELITY
➢ Fidelity to the client also means that
counselors must avoid ending the counseling
process abruptly. If doing this is unavoidable,
the counselor must refer the client to another
institution or counselor.
➢ Counselors must also extend their fidelity to
their colleagues, employers, and their
profession. They must be faithful to their
employer’s mission, except when it is
detrimental to the client’s best interests.
Counselors must also observe the tenets of
their profession.
CHAPTER

SUMMARY
 SUMMARY:
➢ Counseling is practiced primarily by
guidance counselors, psychologist,
psychiatrists, and other qualified
professionals.
➢ The profession of counseling is
regulated by law, governed by
organizations, and guided by a code
of ethics.
 SUMMARY:
➢ Professional counselors practice
in various institutions and
organizations such as educational
institutions, public and private
organizations, government and
nongovernmental organizations,
and in civil society, among others.
 SUMMARY:
➢ Counselors can have various roles
such as school counselor, career
counselor, child abuse counselor,
child counselor, geriatric counselor,
depression counselor, community
mental health counselor, legal
counselor, grief counselor, hospital
counselor, drug abuse counselor,
residential care facilities counselor
and religious or spiritual counselor.
 SUMMARY:
➢ Counselors are expected to have the
following core competencies:
professionalism, accountability, concern for
welfare, professionalism, good social skills,
effective communication, helping skills,
knowledge of key issues and concepts n
related disciplines, scientific mindedness,
basic knowledge of ethical and professional
codes, awareness and application of ethical
decision making, ethical conduct,
observational skills, thinking skills, and
computer skills.
 SUMMARY:
➢ Counselors should behave in an
ethical manner as they are
accountable for their actions and are
expected to uphold the ethical
standards of the profession. The
Code of Ethics for counselors
emphasizes the following principles:
Respect for Autonomy, Benefinence,
Nonmalefinence, Justice, and
Fidelity.
Thank You for Listening.
“God Bless to Everyone.”