F R AU N H O F E R I N S T I T U T E F O R I N D U S T R I A L M AT H E M AT I C S

4000 30000

3000 Measurement Measurement

25000
2000 Simulation Simulation

1000 20000
Force [N]

Force [N]
0
15000
-1000

-2000 10000

-3000
5000
-4000

-5000 0
5,1 5,15 5,2 5,25 5,3 5,35 5,4 5,45 5,5 5,1 5,15 5,2 5,25 5,3 5,35 5,4 5,45 5,5
Time [s] Time [s]
1 2 3

1 Cleat run with CDTire 3D CDTire: SCALABLE TIRE MODEL

2 Longitudinal force FOR FULL VEHICLE SIMULATIONS
comparison
Comfort and Durability Tire Model
3 Vertical force
comparison CDTire is a tire model family for passenger ■ Durability analysis to predict spindle forces
car, truck and agricultural tires that sup- while driving on a durability test track
ports engineers in almost all analysis sce- ■ Steering moment analysis during parking
narios used in modern vehicle development manoeuvres
processes from within multi-body simula- ■ NVH analysis using transient simulation in
tion tools. Special focus on tire dynamics time domain or simulations in frequency
and interaction with 3D road surfaces ac- domain based on linearized models
Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und curately captures the vibrations in both am- ■ Tire coupled test rig applications with up
Wirtschaftsmathematik ITWM plitude and frequency behaviour with addi- to all 6 directions driven for each tire
tional capabilities in static and stationary ■ Handling analysis on flat and 3D roads
Fraunhofer-Platz 1 tire behaviour. ■ Active safety (ABS, ESP, …)
67663 Kaiserslautern ■ Safety analysis with different fourth
Germany During the multi-body simulation CDTire wheel
computes the spindle forces and moments ■ Variation of inflation pressure
Contact acting on each wheel in the model as well ■ Interaction with flexible rim
Dr. Manfred Bäcker as the local contact forces while driving on ■ Realtime applications like MIL / SIL / HIL
Phone +49 631 31600-42 49 3D road surfaces or advanced tire coupled
manfred.baecker@itwm.fraunhofer.de test rigs.

Axel Gallrein Typical applications include:

Phone +49 631 31600-46 65 ■ Ride comfort studies on digitized road
axel.gallrein@itwm.fraunhofer.de surfaces
■ Harshness analysis on artificial obstacles
www.itwm.fraunhofer.de such as cleats

© Fraunhofer ITWM 2013

 1 2
CDTire is a family of physical tire models
CDTire is a physical tire model family with
different physical models for belt, side-wall
and tread to balance accuracy and perfor-
mance for different applications. Changing
the tire inflation pressure allows quick what-
if studies for different inflation pressures on
different tires in the model. CDTire contains
the following models:
CDTire / 3D
■ complete 3D shell based model of side-
walls and belt
■ separate modelling and parameterization
of all functional layers of a modern tire
■ includes dedicated models for belt, car-
cass, cap plies and tread
■ same deformation capability as FE models
■ capturing of belt / rim contact (ground out)
■ flexible rim support
■ dedicated local brush-type contact model
■ fully scalable in discretization and func-
tional capabilities
■ suitable to handle inflation pressure varia-
tions during application up to total pres-
sure loss
CDTire / Realtime
■ realtime capable
■ accurate in frequency range up to 150 Hz
■ scalable discretization
■ suitable for all applications from ride /
comfort to durability
CDTire / Legacy
■ CDTire20 (rigid ring)
■ CDTire30 (flexible ring)
■ CDTire40 (flexible belt)
3
These models are still supported but will be ■ RSM 1000: parametric obstacles
discontinued in future releases. The CDTire30 ■ RSM 1002: rolling drum surface for 1 axle
can be directly replaced by CDTire / Realtime. ■ RSM 1100: user defined
The CDTire40 can be mostly adapted by ■ RSM 2000: 3D digitized test track
CDTire / 3D by switching to an immaterial- ■ RSM 3000: OpenCRG
ized membrane-type sidewall model.
Supported simulation platforms
Parameters and parameter identification ■ MSC.ADAMS
To determine the model parameters of ■ LMS Virtual.Lab Motion
CDTire in such a way that a real existing ■ SIMPACK
tire will be adapted, tire data sets and mea- ■ Altair MotionSolve
surements are needed that describe the ■ MATLAB & Simulink
physical properties of the tire.
Supported operating systems
The parameter identification tool CDTirePI ■ Windows (32-bit and 64-bit)
utilizes the complete process to support the ■ Linux (32-bit and 64-bit)
identification of the best parameter set.
This process includes the
■ import of the standard tire measure-
ments from arbitrary test labs,
■ setup and execution of the respective tire
simulations
■ automatic comparison of measurement
and simulation using different measures
The tool is completely stand-alone, no ad-
ditional MBS solver is needed.
Road surface models
CDTire needs geometric road surface mod-
els that returns surface positions and a road-
side friction coefficient. The associated road
body can be arbitrarily driven in both trans-
lational and rotational directions for accu- 1 CDTireMC
rate, more complex poster test rig applica-
tions. Next to MBS built in models, the fol- 2 Parameter Identification
MDF-Flyer_CD Tire A4-2013-EN
lowing road surface models are available: Tool
3 Road Surface Viewer