Flexural Design for Prestress

Prepared by:

Engr. Kenny B. Cantila

Assistant Professor IV
 ϵcu 0.85fc′
b 0.003

c a = β1 c C

h ds dp de
de − a/2

Aps ϵte
As T

Assumed strain

𝐜 𝛜𝐜𝐮 For As = 0, de = dp
=
𝐝𝐞 𝛜𝐜𝐮 + 𝛜𝐭𝐞 For Aps = 0, de = ds

de − c 1
ϵte = ϵcu = ϵcu −1
c c/de
where:
c = depth of compression stress block at nominal resistance
ϵcu = assumed failure strain of concrete in compression
ϵte = tensile strain in the concrete at the level of the centroid of the
resultant tensile force in the tension reinforcement, that is the level
of de
de = depth from the extreme compression fiber to the centroid of the
tensile force resultant in the tension reinforcement (prestressed
and/or non – prestressed). Note that, de = dp for As = 0 and
de = ds for Aps = 0.
 Moment Reduction Factor

0.90

1 5
∅ = 0.70 + 0.20 −
c/de 3

Spiral 1 5
0.70 ∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 −
c/de 3

0.65
Other

Compression Transition Tension

controlled controlled
ϵs = 0.002 ϵs = 0.005
c c
= 0.600 = 0.375
de d𝑒
 𝜖𝑠 > 0.005 Tension-controlled

𝜖𝑠 = 0.005

0.002 < 𝜖𝑠 < 0.005 Transition-controlled

𝜖𝑠 = 0.002

𝜖𝑠 < 0.002 Compression-controlled

𝜌 < 𝜌1 Tension-controlled

3 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1
𝜌1 =
8 𝑓𝑦

𝜌1 < 𝜌 < 𝜌2 Transition-controlled

3 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1
𝜌2 =
5 𝑓𝑦

𝜌2 < 𝜌 Compression-controlled
 Background for Analysis of Sections at Ultimate

Assumptions in the Analysis

1. Plane sections remain plane under loading.

2. Perfect bond exist between steel and concrete. This is not valid in
unbonded tendons.

3. The limiting strength of concrete 𝜖𝑐𝑢 is equal to 0.003.

4. The tensile strength of concrete is neglected.

5. The total force in the concrete compressive zone can be
approximated by considering a uniform stress of magnitude
0.85f′c over a rectangular block of width b and depth 𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐,
where c represents the depth of the neutral axis and 𝛽1 is a factor
defined as follows:

The factor 𝛃 shall be taken as follows:

a) β = 0.85 for f′c ≤ 28 MPa

0.05 ′
b) β = 0.85 − f c − 28 but not less than 0.65
7

c) β = 0.65 for f′c > 56 MPa

 ϵcu f′c 0.85fc′
b 0.003
𝑎/2
c a = β1 c C

h ds dp de

Aps fps
As T
fy

Assumed strain Actual stress ACI assumed

diagram

Stresses and Strains at Ultimate Behavior

6. It is assumed that when reinforcing steel is used, its stress – strain
curve is elastic perfectly plastic, and its stress at ultimate is its
yield strength, 𝑓𝑦 . This is not the case of prestressing steel. Its
ultimate, 𝑓𝑝𝑠 , is unknown and generally given by a code
prediction equation. Using strain compatibility analysis, it is
valid for the material properties currently used, namely, the stress
– strain curve of the reinforcing steel, the effective prestress,
stress – strain curve of the prestressing steel, and the ultimate
compression strain of concrete.
Typical stress – strain curves assumed for the reinforcement
 Force Equilibrium

C = T1 + T2
0.85f′c β1 cb = Aps fps + As fy
 Depth of compression block:

0.85f′c β1 cb = Aps fps + As fy a = β1 c

0.85f′c ab = Aps fps + As fy β1
Aps fps + As fy c=
a
a=
0.85f′c b

Moment capacity of the section:

a a
Mn = Aps fps dp − + As fy ds −
2 2
β1 c β1 c
Mn = Aps fps dp − + As fy ds −
2 2

a
Mn = 0.85f′c ba de −
2
a
Mn = (Aps fps + As fy ) de −
2
Aps = area of prestressing reinforcement in the tensile zone
fps = stress in the prestressing steel at nominal flexural resistance of the section
As = area of non – prestressed tension reinforcement
fy = specified yield strength of non–prestressed tensile reinforcement
c = depth of neutral axis at ultimate
𝑎 = depth of rectangular stress block = β1 c
𝑑𝑝 = distance from the extreme compression fiber to centroid of tensile force in
prestressed reinforcement
𝑑𝑠 = distance from the extreme compression fiber to centroid of tensile force in
non–prestressed tensile reinforcement
 Notations

Aps = area of prestressed reinforcement in tensi0n zone, mm2

dp = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed
reinforcement, mm
f′ci = compressive strength of concrete at time of initial prestress, MPa
fpc = average compressive stress in concrete due to effective prestress
force only ( after allowance for all prestressed losses), MPa
fp𝑠 = stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength, MPa
fpu = specified tensile strength of prestressing tendons, MPa
fp𝑦 = specified yield strength of prestressing tendons, MPa
fse = Effective stress in prestressed reinforcement (after allowance for
prestress losses), MPa
lx = Length of prestressing tendon element from jacking end to any point
n = number of mono strand anchorage devices in a group
Ps = prestressing tendon force at jacking end
Px = prestressing tendon force at any point x
Psu = factored post – tensioned tendon force at the anchorage device
 Notations (cont’d)

𝛼 total angular change in prestressing tendon profile in radians from

tendon jacking end to y to any point x
γp = factor for type of prestressing tendon
0.55 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.80 (prestressing bars)
0.40 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.85 (stress – relieved strand)
0.28 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.90 (low relaxation strand)
μ = curvature friction coefficient
ρp = ratio of prestressed reinforcement
ω = ρfy /f′c Reinforcement indices for flanged sections computed as
for ω, ω′, and ωp except that b shall be the web width,
ω′ = ρ′fy /f′c and reinforcement shall be required to develop
ωp = ρp fps /f′c compressive strength of web only.
 Permissible Stresses in Concrete for Flexural Members

A. Stresses in concrete immediately after transfer (before time –

dependent prestress losses)

Extreme fiber stress in compression except as permitted

by NSCP shall not exceed ………... …………………..…. 0.60f′ci
Extreme fiber stress in compression at ends of simply
supported member shall not exceed ……………………… 0.70f′c
Where computed concrete tensile strength, 𝑓𝑡 , exceeds 0.5 𝑓′𝑐 at ends
of simply supported members, or 0.25 𝑓′𝑐 at other locations,
additional bonded reinforcement shall be provided in the tensile zone
to resist the total tensile force in concrete computed with the
assumption of uncracked section.
 Permissible Stresses in Concrete for Flexural Members (cont’d)

B. Stresses in concrete at service loads based on uncracked section

properties and the allowance for all prestress losses shall not exceed
the following:

Extreme fiber stress in compression due to prestress plus

sustained loads …………………………...………………. 0.45f′c
Extreme fiber stress in compression due to prestress plus
total loads ……………………...…………………………. 0.60f′c
 Permissible Stresses in Prestressing Tendons

Tensile stress in prestressing tendons shall not exceed the following:

Due to prestressing tendon jack force ……........... 0.94 fpy ≤ 0.80 fpu
Immediately after prestress transfer …..........…… 0.82 fpy ≤ 0.74 fpu
Post – tensioning tendons, at anchorage devices
and coupler, immediately after force transfer …… 0.74 fpu
 Ultimate strength design

Determination of stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength

(𝐟𝐩𝐬 ) as an alterative to a more accurate determination based on strain
compatibility, the following approximate values shall be permitted to be
used if 𝐟𝐬𝐞 is not less than 𝟎. 𝟓𝐟𝐩𝐮.

For members with bonded tendons

γp fpu d
fps = fpu 1− ρp + ω − ω′
β1 fc ′ dp

If compression steel is used:

fpu d
ρp + ω − ω′ ≥ 0.17 and d′ ≤ 0.15db
fc ′ dp
dp = Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed
reinforcement, mm
d = Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of non –
prestressed tension reinforcement, mm
β1 = 0.85 − 0.05 fc ′ − 28 ; 0.65 ≤ β1 ≤ 0.85
7
γp = factor for type of prestressing tendon
= 0.55 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.80
= 0.40 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.85
= 0.28 for fpy /fpu not less than 0.90
Aps
ρp =
bd
f
ω = ρ y
fc ′
f
ω′ = ρ′ y
fc ′
 For members with unbonded tendons

a) Members with unbonded tendons and with span – to – depth ratio of

35 or less:

f′c
fps = fse + 70 +
100ρp

b) Members with unbonded tendons and with span – to – depth ratio of

greater than 35:

f′c
fps = fse + 70 +
300ρp

But 𝐟𝐩𝐬 shall not be greater than 𝐟𝐩𝐲 , nor greater than (𝐟𝐬𝐞 + 𝟐𝟏𝟎)
 Minimum Bonded Reinforcement

1. A minimum area of bonded reinforcement shall be taken as:

As = 0.004Act

where Act is the area of that part of cross section between the
flexural tension face and center of gravity of gross cross section.

2. Bonded reinforcement shall not be required in positive moment

areas where ft , the extreme fiber stress in tension in the pre –
compressed tensile zone at service load (after allowance for
prestress losses) does not exceed 0.17 f′ci .

3. In positive moment area where computed tensile stress in

concrete at service exceeds 0.17 f′ci minimum area of bonded
reinforcement shall be computed by:

Nc
As =
0.5fy
 where fy should be less than 415 MPa; Nc is the tensile force in
concrete due to unfactored dead load plus live load

4. In negative moment areas at column supports, minimum area of

bonded reinforcement As in the top of the slab in each direction
shall be computed by:

As = 0.00075Acf

where Acf is the larger gross cross – sectional area of the slab –
beam strips in two orthogonal equivalent frames intersecting at a
column in two – way slab.

Bonded reinforcement required shall be distributed between lines

that are 1.5h outside opposite faces of the column support. At
least four bars or wires shall be provided in each direction.
Spacing of bonded reinforcement shall not exceed 300 mm.
5. In positive moment areas, minimum length of bonded
reinforcement shall be one – third the clear span length, ln , and
centered in positive moment area.

6. In negative moment areas, bonded reinforcements shall extend

one – sixth the clear span, ln , on each side of the support
 Reinforcement Index, 𝛚𝐩

Under-reinforced Over-reinforced

ρp fps 0.85a ρp fps 0.85a

ωp = , < 0.36β1 ωp = , > 0.36β1
fc ′ d fc ′ d

C=T Aps fps

a=
0.85fc ′ab = Aps fps 0.85fc ′b
Aps fps ρp bdfps ρp fps
a= a= ; ωp =
0.85fc ′b 0.85fc ′b fc ′
ωp d
a a=
Mu = ∅T d − 0.85
2 0.36β1 d
a a=
Mu = ∅Aps fps d − 0.85
2 36
a= β d
85 1
a
Mu = ∅C d −
2
a
Mu = ∅0.85fc ′ab d −
2
Example 1: Determine the nominal resistance of a partially prestressed
concrete rectangular section with dimension given in the figure, for f′c =
5,000 psi, β1 = 0.80, fr = -530.3 psi, fpu = 270 ksi, fpe = 0.55 fpu = 148 ksi,
fpy = 0.85 fpu , fy = 60 ksi, Aps = 0.918 in2 or six ½ - in diameter stress –
relieved prestressing strands, As = 1.2 in2 or two #7 reinforcing bars, dp =
20.75 in, ds = 21.5 in, b = 12 in. The prestressing tendons are assumed
bonded.
BONDED TENDONS
Problem 01: The beam is prestressed by using bonded (stress
relieved tendons) with a specified tensile strength of prestressing
tendons fpu =1,350 MPa. f′c = 35 MPa. The area of prestressed
reinforcement in tension zone Aps = 1,000 mm2 . The specified yield
strength of prestressing tendons fpy = 1160 MPa.

0.85f′c
Determine the following: a C

a. Value of the stress in a

430
N. A.
prestressed reinforcement d−
2
at nominal strength fps
b. Value of the depth of the
compression block. T = Aps fps
c. Ultimate moment capacity
of the prestressed beam. 250

All dimensions in mm
Part a: For bonded tendons:

fpy 1,160 0.05

= β1 = 0.85 − fc ′ − 28
fpu 1,350 7
fpy 0.05
= 0.86 ≥ 0.85 β1 = 0.85 − 35 − 28
fpu 7
β1 = 0.80
Use: 𝛄 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 γp fpu d
fps = fpu 1 − ρp + ω − ω′
Aps β1 fc ′ dp
ρp = γp fpu
bd fps = fpu 1 − ρ +0
1,000 β1 p fc ′
ρp = 0.40 1,350
430(250)
fps = 1,350 1 − (0.0093)
𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑 0.80 35
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚
 Depth of Compression Block

Aps fps = 0.85f′c abw

Aps fps
a=
0.85f′c bw
1,000(1,107.9)
a=
0.85(35)(250)
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟗𝟔 𝐦𝐦

Under – reinforced
d
ωp + ω − ω′ < 0.36β1
dp
a a a
Mn = Aps fps dp − + As fy d − + A′s fy − d′
2 2 2

Over – reinforced
d
ωp + ω − ω′ > 0.36β1
dp
2
′
Mu = ∅f c bdp 2
0.36β1 − 0.08β1
 ρp fps
ωp =
f′c
0.0093(1,107.9)
ωp =
35
ωp = 0.294

d
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.294 + 0
dp
d
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.294
dp

0.36β1 = 0.36(0.80)
0.36β1 = 0.288

d
Since ωp + ω − ω′ > 0.36β1
dp
(over − reinforced)
Nominal flexural strength:

Mn = f ′ c bw dp 2 0.36β1 − 0.08β1 2
Mn = 35 250 430 2 0.36 0.80 − 0.08 0.80 2
/106
𝐌𝐧 = 𝟑𝟖𝟑. 𝟏 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
Problem 02: The prestressed I – beam shown in cross – section with
bonded tendons is pretensioned using seven ordinary stress – relieved
strands Grade 250 (fpu = 1,728 MPa) carrying an effective prestress
fpe = 988 MPa, fpy = 1480 MPa, f’c = = 27.6 MPa.

Total depth of the beam = 600 mm

Distance from center to tendons to the top of the beam = 440 mm
Aps = 650 mm2
Average flange thickness = 150 mm
Width of the flange = 300 mm
Thickness of the web = 110 mm

Determine the following:

a. Value of the prestress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal

strength.
b. Nominal flexural strength of the beam
c. Design strength of the beam
d. Is the beam over – reinforced or under – reinforced
 300
Material Properties
150 ave. h = 600 mm
dp = 440 mm
300 Aps = 650 mm2
440
150 t f = 150 mm
600 bf = 300 mm
t w = 110 mm
e
300 f′c = 27.6 MPa
fpe = 988 MPa
fpy = 1,480 MPa
fpu = 1,728 MPa
 Aps
Solution: ρp =
bd
650
0.5fpu = 0.5(1,728) ρp =
300(440)
0.5fpu = 864 MPa < (fpe = 988 MPa) 𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟒

fpy 1480
= = 0.856
Therefore, use fpu 1728
Sincefpy /fpu > 0.85, use γ = 0.40
γp fpu d
fps = fpu 1− ρp + ω − ω′
β1 fc ′ dp
0.40 1,728
fps = 1,728 1 − 0.004924 +0
0.85 27.6
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟏 𝐌𝐏𝐚
 Depth of Compression Block

Check whether the stress block depth is greater or less than the average
flange thickness of 150 mm.

Aps fps = 0.85f′c abw

Aps fps
a=
0.85f′c bw
650(1,477.31)
a=
0.85(27.6)(300)
a = 136.44 mm < 150 mm
 Test the following (for Bonded Tendon 𝑎 ≤ ℎ𝑓 )

Under – reinforced

d
ωp + ω − ω′ < 0.36β1
dp

a a a
Mn = Aps fps dp − + As fy d − + A′s fy − d′
2 2 2

Over – reinforced

d
ωp + ω − ω′ > 0.36β1
dp

2
′
Mu = ∅f c bdp 2
0.36β1 − 0.08β1
 ρp fps Note: When stress block depth is less
ωp = than the average flange thickness and is
f′c
0.004924(1,477.31) under – reinforced, use the formula:
ωp =
27.6
ωp = 0.263 Nominal flexural strength:
a
d Mn = Aps fps d−
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.263 + 0 2
dp 136.44
d Mn = (650)(1,477.31) 440 −
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.263 2
dp Mn = 357 × 106 N ∙ mm
𝐌𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
0.36β1 = 0.36(0.85)
0.36β1 = 0.306
Flexural design strength:
d
Sinceωp + ω − ω′ < 0.36β1 Mu = ∅Mn
dp Mu = 0.90(357)
(under − reinforced) 𝐌𝐮 = 𝟑𝟐𝟏. 𝟑 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
Problem 03: The prestressed I – beam shown is pretensioned by
using ordinary stress relieved strands having a specified tensile
strength fpu = 1,750 MPa, fpy = 1,480 MPa.

Total depth of the beam = 600 mm

Distance from center to tendons t the top of the beam = 440 mm
Aps = 650 mm2
Average flange thickness = 127 mm
Width of the flange = 300 mm
Thickness of the web = 100 mm

Determine the following:

a. Value of the prestress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal

strength.
b. Nominal flexural strength of the beam
c. Design strength of the beam
d. Is the beam over – reinforced or under – reinforced?
 300

Material Properties
hf(ave) = 127 h = 600 mm
d = 440 mm
100 Aps = 650 mm2
t f = 127 mm
600 440 bf = 300 mm
t w = 100 mm
f′c = 27.6 MPa
fpe = 988 MPa
fpy = 1,480 MPa
Aps = 650 mm2
fpu = 1,750 MPa
All dimensions in mm
Part a:

fpy 1480
= = 0.845
fpu 1750

fpy
Since 0.80 < < 0.85, use γ = 0.55
fpu

Aps
ρp =
bd
650
ρp =
300(440)
𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗

γp fpu d
fps = fpu 1 − ρp + ω − ω′
β1 fc ′ dp
0.55 1,750
fps = 1,750 1 − 0.004924 +0
0.85 27.6
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚
 Nominal flexural strength

Check whether the stress block depth is greater or less than the average
flange thickness of 150 mm.

Apf fps = 0.85f ′ c bw − t w hf Apw fps = 0.85f′c abw

0.85f ′ c bw − t w hf Apw fps
Apf = a=
fps 0.85f′c bw
0.85(27.6) 300 − 100 (127) 223.3(1,396.47)
Apf = a=
1396.47 0.85(27.6)(100)
Apf = 426.70 mm2 a = 132.92 mm > 127 mm

Apw = Aps − Apf

Apw = 650 − 426.70
Apw = 223.3 mm2
 Test the following (for Bonded Tendon 𝑎 > ℎ𝑓 )

Under – reinforced

d
ωpw + ωw − ωw ′ < 0.36β1
dp

Apw = Aps fps + As fy − 0.85f ′ c b − bw hf

a ′
hf
Mn = Apw fps dp − + As fy d − dp + 0.85f c b − bw hf dp −
2 2

Over – reinforced

d
ωpw + ωw − ωw ′ > 0.36β1
dp

Mn = f ′ c bw dp 2 0.36β1 − 0.08β1 2 + 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤 ℎ𝑓 (𝑑𝑝 − 0.5ℎ𝑓 )

 ρp fps
ωp =
f′c
0.0049 (1,396.47)
ωp =
27.6
ωp = 0.248

d
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.248 + 0
dp
d
ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.248
dp

0.36β1 = 0.36(0.85)
0.36β1 = 0.306

d
Since ωp + ω − ω′ < 0.36β1
dp
(under − reinforced)
 Note: When stress block depth is greater than the average flange thickness
and is over – reinforced, use the formula:

a ′
hf
Mn = Apw fps dp − + As fy d − dp + 0.85f c b − bw hf dp −
2 2
132.92
Mn = 223.3 1,396.47 440 − +0
2
127
+ 0.85(27.6) 300 − 100 (127) 440 −
2
𝐌𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦

Flexural design strength:

Mu = ∅Mn
Mu = 0.90(340.83)
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
Problem 04: A prestressed beam is reinforced with a bonded tendon
having an area Ap𝑠 = 1,580 mm2 , f′c = 34.5 MPa, fpu =1,862 MPa, and the
effective stress after losses fpe = 1102 MPa. fpy = 1,763 MPa. Span of
beam is 6 m. Determine the following:

a. Value of the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength fps

b. Ultimate moment capacity
c. Live load
1,220
0.85f′c
a C
80
N. A.
600

a
d−
2
Aps

T = Aps fps

250
All dimensions in mm
Part a:
For bonded tendons:
fpy 1713
= 0.05
fpu 1862 β1 = 0.85 − fc ′ − 28
7
fpy 0.05
= 0.92 ≥ 0.90 β1 = 0.85 − 34.5 − 28
fpu 7
β1 = 0.8036
Use: 𝛄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖
γp fpu d
fps = fpu 1 − ρp + ω − ω′
Check fse β1 fc ′ dp
γp fpu
0.5fpy = 0.5(1,862) fps = fpu 1 − ρ +0
β1 p fc ′
0.5fpy = 931 MPa < fse 0.28 1,862
fps = 1,862 1 − (0.00216)
0.8036 34.5
Aps
ρp = 𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟖𝟔. 𝟒 𝐌𝐏𝐚
bd
1,580
ρp =
1220(600)
𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔
Part b:
d
Checking the depth of compression block: ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.118 + 0
dp
d
C=T ωp + ω − ω′ = 0.118
dp
0.85f′c ab = Aps fps
(1,580)(1,786)
a=
0.85(34.5)(1,220)
0.36β1 = 0.36(0.8036)
a = 78.9 mm < 90 mm (ok!)
0.36β1 = 0.289

ρp fps
ωp = d
f′c Since ωp + ω − ω′ < 0.36β1
0.00216(1,786.4) dp
ωp = (under − reinforced)
34.5
ωp = 0.118
Ultimate moment capacity:

a
Mu = ∅T d −
2
a
Mu = 0.90Aps fps d −
2
78.9
Mu = 0.90(1,580)(1,786) 600 −
2
Mu = 1,424 × 106 N ∙ mm

Part c:

wu L2
Mu = wDL = [1.22 0.08 + 0.25 0.6 ](2.4)(9.8)
8
8Mu 𝐰𝐃𝐋 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟑 𝐤𝐍/𝐦
wu = 2
L
1,424 8 wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6wLL
wu = 316.44 = 1.2(5.83) + 1.6wLL
62
𝐰𝐮 = 𝟑𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐍/𝐦 𝐰𝐋𝐋 = 𝟏𝟗𝟑. 𝟒 𝐤𝐍/𝐦
UNBONDED TENDONS
Problem 05: A 250 mm × 500 mm prestressed beam has a simple span of
6 m. The beam uses stress relieved tendons with fpu = 1,350 MPa and an
effective stress in prestressed reinforcement after allowable for all prestress
losses fse = 760 MPa. The prestressed beam is not to be grouted (unbonded)
after the application of the prestress. If the area of prestress reinforcement
in tension zone is Aps = 1,000 mm2 applied 70 mm above the bottom of the
beam and f’c = 35 MPa, determine the following:
0.85f′c
a. Reinforcement indices
for the prestressed beam a C
b. Safe ultimate moment
a
430
capacity of the beam d−
c. Safe live load that the 2
prestressed beam could Aps = 1,000 mm2
carry if concrete weighs
23.54 kN/m3. T = Aps fps

250

All dimensions in mm
 Aps ρp fps
ρp = ωp =
bd f′c
1,000 0.0093(868)
ρp = ωp =
250(430) 35
𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑 ωp = 0.231

L 6,000 0.05
= β1 = 0.85 − fc ′ − 28
d 500 − 70 7
L 0.05
= 13.95 < 35 β1 = 0.85 − 35 − 28
d 7
β1 = 0.80
Use:
Limiting value of ωp
f ′c
fps = fse + 70 + 0.36β1 = 0.36(0.80)
100ρp
35 0.36β1 = 0.288
fps = 760 + 70 +
100(0.0093)
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟖𝟔𝟖 𝐌𝐏𝐚 ωp = 0.231 < 0.36β1
(under − reinforced)
Part b: Safe ultimate moment capacity of the beam

Depth of compression block:

C=T
0.85f′c ab = Aps fps
(1,000)(868)
a=
0.85(35)(250)
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟏 𝐦𝐦

Ultimate moment capacity:

a
Mu = ∅T d −
2
a
Mu = 0.90Aps fps d −
2
116.71
Mu = 0.90 1,000 868 430 − /106
2
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟑 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
Part c: Safe live load

wu L2
Mu =
8
wu 6 2
290.3 =
8
𝐰𝐮 = 𝟔𝟒. . 𝟓𝟏 𝐤𝐍/𝐦

wDL = (0.20)(0.5)(1)(23.54)
𝐰𝐃𝐋 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐍/𝐦

wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6wLL
64.51 = 1.2(2.94) + 1.6wLL
𝐰𝐋𝐋 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟏𝐤𝐍/𝐦
Problem 06: The I – beam with flange width of 460 mm and a thickness
of 175 mm has a total depth of 900 mm. Thickness of web is 140 mm. The
prestressed beam is provided by unbonded tendons with an effective
prestress after all losses fse = 1,100 MPa, fpy = 1,500 MPa, f’c = 36 MPa.
Determine the following:

a. Stress in prestressed reinforcement at 460

nominal strength if it has a span of 28
m. 175
b. Number of 16 mm ∅ bonded steel
reinforcement needed. Place the steel
bars 50 mm above the bottom of the d = 850
beam. 550 140
c. Ultimate moment capacity of the beam
if it is supplied with an unbonded
tendons placed at 115 mm above the
175 50
bottom of the beam in addition to that
of the steel reinforcement needed. Aps
All dimensions in mm
= 1,750 mm2.
Part a:

Aps
ρp = fse + 415 = 1,515
bd
1,750
ρp = 𝐟𝐩𝐬 < 𝐟𝐬𝐞 + 𝟒𝟏𝟓 (𝐨𝐤!)
460(850)
𝛒𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟖
Use:
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟒 𝐌𝐏𝐚
f ′c
fps = fse + 70 +
100ρp
36
fps = 1,100 + 70 +
100(0.00448)
𝐟𝐩𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟒 𝐌𝐏𝐚 < 𝐟𝐩𝐲 (𝐨𝐤!)
Part b:
460
A = 460 − 140 175 + 450(140)
A = 119,000 mm2
175
As = 0.004A 450
As = 0.004(119,000)
As = 476 mm2 550 N. A.
140
Using 16 mm ∅ 450

As 175
N= 50
Ao
476 All dimensions in mm
N=π
16 2
4
N = 2.36
𝐍 = 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
 460
0.85f′c 0.85f′c
a C1 C2
175

a a
550 785 785 − 850 −
2 2
140
Aps
60

175 As
65
T1 = Aps fps
50
T2 = As fy
All dimensions in mm

T2 = As fy
T1 = Aps fps π T = T1 + T2
T2 = 3 × 16 2 (415) T = 2,188,200 + 250,322
T1 = 1,750(1,250.4) 4
𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟖𝟖, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐍 𝐓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎, 𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝐍 𝐓 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟑𝟖, 𝟓𝟐𝟐 𝐍
 460
0.85f′c
C = 0.85f′c abf
175 a

850 − 𝑎/2
785 − 𝑎/2
550 785
140
Aps T1 = Aps fps
60

175 As
65
50
T2 = As fy
All dimensions in mm

T2 = As fy
T1 = Aps fps π T = T1 + T2
T2 = 3 × 16 2 (415) T = 2,188,200 + 250,322
T1 = 1,750(1,250.4) 4
𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟖𝟖, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐍 𝐓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎, 𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝐍 𝐓 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟑𝟖, 𝟓𝟐𝟐 𝐍
Depth of compression block:

C=T
0.85f′c abf = T
2,438,522
a=
0.85(36)(460)
a = 173.2 mm < 175 mm (ok!)

Ultimate moment capacity:

a a
Mu = ∅T1 d1 − + ∅T2 d2 −
2 2
173.2
0.90 2,188,200 785 − +
2
Mu =
173.2
0.90 250,322 850 −
2
Mu = 1,547 × 106 N ∙ mm
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟏, 𝟓𝟒𝟕 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦