Unit-wise Subjective Questions

UNIT – I
1. What is DBMS? Explain the advantages of using DBMS over traditional file system.
Give various types of Database users. Explain in brief responsibilities of DBA.
2. What is a data model? What are the different data models? Explain E-R Model and
Relation model briefly.
3. What are the two database languages provided by DBMS? (OR) Explain DDL and DML.
4. What are integrity constraints? Define the terms primary key constraints and foreign key
constraint.
6. Write short note on
a. Participation Constraint
b. Class Hierarchy.
c. Aggregation
d. Weak Entity Set
7. Draw ER Diagram for
a. Railway Reservation System
b. Library Management System
c. Hospital Management System
d. College Management system
8. Explain database users and database administrator in detail.

UNIT – II
2. Explain various types of join & outer join operations with suitable example.
3. Describe the basic operations & set operations of relational algebra with suitable examples
5. Explain complete structure of SQL. Write short note on (for SQL)
a. Set Operations
b. Nested Queries
c. Aggregate Operators
d. Group By & Having Clause
7. Explain the form of a basic SQL query in detail with examples. Also discuss expressions and
strings in the SELECT command.
8. Consider the following schema (The primary keys are underlined)
Sailors (Sailor_id, Sailor_name, Sailor_rating, Sailor_age)
Boats (Boat_id, Boat_name, Boat_color)
Reserves (Sailor_id, Boat_id, day)
Write the queries in SQL for the following.
i) Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat.
ii) Find the ages of sailors whose names begin and end with C and has at least three
characters.
iii) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a blue or a yellow boat.
iv) Find the names of sailors who have reserved both a blue and a yellow boat.
v) Find the names of all sailors who have reserved blue boats but not yellow boats.
9. consider the following schema
 Suppliers (sid,sname, saddress)
Parts (pid,pname,color)
Catalog (sid, pid, cost
The key fields are underlined write the following queries in relational algebra
i) Find the name of suppliers who supply some blue part.
ii) Find the sids of suppliers who supply every red part.
iii) Find the pids of parts that are supplied by suppliers with sid=200.
iv) Find all the pids of parts supplied by every supplier at less than Rs. 500.

UNIT – III
1. What is schema refinement? Explain the problems caused by redundancy.
2. What is decomposition? Why is it used? What are the problems related to decomposition?
3. Explain lossless join decomposition and dependency preserving decomposition.
4. Explain schema refinement in database design.
5. What is Normalization? Discuss 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF normal forms in detail.

UNIT – IV
1. Write short note with example on Hash-Based Indexing.
2. What is a heap file? How are pages organized in a heap file? Discuss list of directory
organization.
3. Explain indexed sequential access method (ISAM) in detail.
4. What is the intention behind tree-structured indexes?
5. Explain B+ trees in detail.
6. What are the main differences between ISAM and B+ tree indexes?
7. Explain static hashing. What are its limitations and how they are overcome in dynamic
hashing?

UNIT – V
1. What is transaction? Explain different states of Transaction.
2. Explain ACID properties of Transaction.
3. Explain two phase locking protocol (2PL) with example. Define various forms of two phase
locking protocol (2PL).
4. Write short note on
a. Timestamp based protocol.
b. Validation based protocol.
5. Explain in details with example
A. Deferred database modification.
B. Immediate database modification
10. Explain check-pointing briefly.