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Chemical Resistance of Thermop
in Dual Laminate Construc

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stance of Thermoplastics used
Laminate Constructions
CONTENTS:IntroductionChemical Resistance I
1. Introduction
It is now inconceivable to construct pipelines and tanks without
the use of plastics. Pipes made from plastics are used not only for
drinking water, for general use and waste water, but also for the
conveyance of aggressive liquids and gases. However limitations
imposed by lower tensile strength and temperature of thermoplastics
dictate that for certain applications some type of reinforcement be
used. A typical example of this is the lining of metal pipe by a
suitable plastic. Another and, for many applications, a better way is
to use fiberglass reinforcement (also known as “Dual Laminate”
construction) which can provide a better bonding between the liner
plastic and the reinforcement. With tanks the problem of bonding
between a thermoplastic liner and a metal shell is reduced because
the larger diameter allows for different bonding techniques to be
used. Even so there can be additional advantages to be gained
thru the use of fiberglass reinforcement for tanks also.
It is, however, important that the most suitable plastic material is
selected for each application. This “Chemical Resistance List”
serves as a useful guide in this respect. The list is periodically
revised to include the latest findings. It contains all plastics in "Dual
Laminate" product range which can come into direct contact with the
media.
The information is based on experiments, immersion and, when
available, on data from tests which include temperature and
pressure as stress factors. The results achieved in immersion
experiments cannot be applied without reserva- tion to pipes under
stress, i.e. internal pressure, as the factor “stress corrosion
cracking” is not taken into consideration. In certain cases it can be
of advantage to test the suitability under the planned working
conditions. The tests referred to have been carried out partly by
GeorgeFischer, B. F. Goodrich, Symalit, DuPont and partly by the
International Standardiza- tion Organization (ISO) or national
standards organizations.
Pure chemicals were used for the tests except where indicated. If a
mixture of chemicals is to be conveyed in practice this may affect
the chemical resistance of the plastic. It is possible in special cases
to carry out appropriate tests with the specific mixture. Suitable
test equipment is available for this purpose. It is recommended that
the companies suppling the test data for this Guide be contacted
directly for additional information or testing. (See page 2 for specific
information on the source company.)
The “Chemical Resistance List” gives valuable assistance in the
planning of plastic pipelines and tanks and Dual Lami- nates.
Please refer to the following instructions, which are important for the
application and evaluation of this list.
2. Instructions for the Use of the Chemical
Resistance List
2.1 General
As stated in the introduction, the “Chemical Resistance List” is only intended as
a guide. Changes in the composition of the medium or special working
conditions could lead to deviations. If there is any doubt, it is advisable to test
the behavior of the material under the specific working conditions, by means of a
pilot installation. No guar- antees can be given in respect of the information
contained in this booklet. The data shown is based upon information available at
the time of printing, but it may, however, be revised from time to time in the light
of subsequent research and experience.
DLFA is grateful to the following companies for their permission to reproduce the
information contained in this Chemical Resistance Guide:
George Fischer, Inc. 2882 Dow Av, Tustin, CA 92680-7285 (Basic Guide Layout
plus data for PVC, PE, PP and PVDF.)
Symalit AG, CH-5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland - (Data on ECTFE, FEP and PFA.)
B F Goodrich, 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 441413247 - (Data on
CPVC)
E. I.DuPont de Nemours, 1625 Newport Gap Pike, Wilmington DE, 19808 (Data
on ETFE.)
2.3 Pipe Joints 2.4 General Sum
2.3.1 Solvent Cement Joints (PVC) The following tables i
Solvent cement joints made with standard PVC cement and primer systems are range, and their abbr
generally as resistant as the PVC material itself. The following chemicals are, regarding the genera
however, an exception: In this connection w
Sulfuric acid H SO in concentrations above 70 percent Hydrochloric acid HCI in
2 4
have been publishe
concentrations above 25 percent Nitric acid HNO in concentrations above 20
3
ISO /TR 7473–1979
percent Unplasticised polyv
Hydrofluoric acid in any concentration tance with respect t
In conjunction with the above media the solvent cement joining is classified as ISO /TR 7474–1979
“conditionally resistant”. Previously recommended solvent cement (Dytex, by High density polyet
Henkel, Germany) used for pipe and fittings to carry concentrated acids, can no with respect to fluid
longer be brought into the United States because of its methylene chloride ISO /TR 7471–1978
solvent system being classified as a carcinogen. There is no known Polypropylene (PP)
domestically available substitute. Special consideration should be given to the to fluids
possible attack of the cemented joints by these concentrated acids. The technical data g
2.3.2 Fusion Joints purposes only. The
In the case of PE, PP, and PVDF (SYGEF ®) heat fusion joints have practically Physical Constan
the same chemical resistance as the respective material. In conjunction with Density values given
media which could cause stress cracking, the fused joints can be subjected to superscript figure: thu
an increased risk due to residual stress from the joining process. C. A density of 0.89
0
0.89 for the substanc

Please contact the above supplier for further information on Chemical Resistance.
2.2 Classification
The customary classifications:
resistant, conditionally resistant and not recommended are depicted by the signs:
+, O, and –, which allow simple presentation and application. These
classifications are defined as:
Resistant: +
Within the acceptable limits of pressure and temperature the material is
unaffected or only insignificantly affected.
Conditionally Resistant: O
The medium can attack the material or cause swelling. Restrictions must be
made in regard to pressure and / or temperature, taking the expected service life
into account. The service life of the installation can be noticeably shortened.
Not recommended: –
The material cannot be used with the medium at all, or only under special
conditions.
2.4 General Summary and Limits of Application
The following tables includes all the materials contained in the Norcore product
range, and their abbreviations. The summary gives preliminary information
regarding the general behavior of the materials and the temperature limits.
In this connection we refer to the “Chemical Resistance Lists” which
have been published as Standards. From the ISO these are:
ISO /TR 7473–1979
Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings - Chemical resis-
tance with respect to fluids
ISO /TR 7474–1979
High density polyethylene pipes and fittings – Chemical resistance
with respect to fluids to be conveyed
ISO /TR 7471–1978
Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings – Chemical resistance with respect
to fluids
The technical data given in this publication are for general information
purposes only. They imply no warranty of whatever kind.
Physical Constants of Organic & Inorganic Compounds
Density values given at room temperature unless otherwise indicated by
superscript figure: thus 0.97 indicates a density of 0.97 for the substance at 112
112
C. A density of 0.89 indicates a density of

0 16
0.89 for the substance at 16 C relative to water at 4 C.

0 0
4
Material Abrev.
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC
Chorinated Polvinyl Chloride CPVC
High-density Polyethylene PE 50
Polypropylene, heat stabilized PP
Polyvinylidene Fluoride PVDF (SYGEF)
Ethylene-chlorotriflluoro- ethylene ECTFE

Copolymer
Etylene-tetrafluoroethylene ETFE
Copolymer
Fluorinated ethylene-propylene FEP
Perfluor-alkoxy PFA
Remarks Maximum Permissible
Temperature (Water)
Constant Short
0
C
Resistant to most solutions of acids, alkalis and to organic compunds miscible with water. Not 60 0
resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Can be used similarly to PVC but at higher temperatures. Consult with factory for specific 90 0
applications.
Resistant to hydrous solutions of acids, alkalis and salts as well as to a large number of 60 0
organic solvents. Unsuitable for concentrated oxidizing acids.
Chemical resistance similar to that of PE but suitable for higher temperatures. 90 0
Resistant to acids, salt solutions, halogens, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated 140 0
hydrocarbons and alcohols. Conditionally suitable for ketones, esters, organic bases and
alakaline solutions.
Resistant to acids, salt solutions, halogens, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated 150 0
hydrocarbons and alcohols. Conditionally suitable for ketones, esters, organic bases and
alakaline solutions.
Resistant to acids, alkalines, salt solutions, halogens, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, 200 0
Ketones, Amines, Alcohols, Furanes, Esters and Aldehydes.

Maximum Permissible
Temperature (Water)
Constant Short
0
C
60 0
110 0
80 0
110 0
150 0
175 0
225 0
225 0
Medium Formula Concentration
Acetaldehyde CH –CHO (C H O)
3 2 4 21
Acetic acid CH COOH

3
118
Acetic acid CH COOH

3
Acetic acid anhydride CH –CO
3
139
\
O
/
CH –CO
3
Acetic ether
Acetone CH –CO–CH
3 3
56
CH –CO–CH
3 3
Acrylic ester CH =CH–COO CH CH
2 2 3
100
Acrylonitrile CH =CH–CN
2 77
Adipic acid HOOC–(CH ) –COOH

2 4
153*
Alcoholic spirits
“(Gin, Whiskey, etc.)”
Concentration
2
0.78 0 – O – + + + +
technically pure –O +
16
4 4 – + + + + + +
0
60 O + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
“40%, aqueous” 20 O – + + – + + + +
solution 40 – + + + + + +
60 O + + + +
80 O + + +
100 – + +
120
150
“technically pure,” 11.05 20
2 O – + + +O + + + +
4
glacial 0 – + + + + + +
4
60
0 O O – + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 20 + – + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 O + + + +
100 O + + + +
120 + + +
150
“10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.0815 20 – – +O +O – + + + +
4
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
see Ethyl acetate
technically pure. 0.80 20

2 – – + + – + + + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“up to 10%,” 20 – – + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.93 20
2 – – O + + +
4
0 – + + +
4
60
0 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
–
2 +
0.8120 0 +O + + – + + +
technically pure -–
4 4 + + O – + + +
0
60 + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“saturated,” aqueous 1.17 22
2 + + + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
approx. 40% 20 O + + + + + +
ethyl alcohol 40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
Allyl alcohol H C=CH–CH –OH

2 2
97
Alum see Potassium / aluminium sulph
Aluminium chloride AICI 3
115
Medium Formula
Aluminium sulphate AI (SO4)

2 3
Ammonia NH 3
–33

Ammonium acetate CH COONH
3 4
Ammonium carbonate (NH ) CO 4 2 3

Ammonium chloride NH Cl
4

Ammonium chloride 115
Ammonium hydrogen fluorid e
N
H
4
H
F
2
Ammonium hydroxide N
H
4
O
H
Ammonium nitrate NH NO
4 3
112
Ammonium phosphate NH H PO
4 2 4
Ammonium sulphate (NH ) SO
4 2 4
Ammonium sulphide (NH ) S4 2

Amyl acetate CH (CH ) –OOCCH
3 2 4 3
141
Amyl alcohol CH (CH ) –CH –OH
3 2 3 2
137
Aniline C H NH
6 5 2
182

Aniline hydrochloride NH ++Cl–
3
Anon see Cyclohexanone

Antimony trichloride SbCI 3
Aqua regia HNO +HCI
3

Arsenic acid H AsO
3 4
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2

102
Barium salts
Arsenic acid H AsO
3 4
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2

102
Barium salts

Battery acid see Sulphuric acid 40% nated
C H CHO
6 5
“Beef tallow emulsion,”sulpho
Beer
Benzaldehyde 180

Benzene CH 6 6
80
Benzine C H
5 12
to C H
12 26 80–
130
Benzoic acid C H COOH
6 5
12 2*“
Concentration
96%
ates 2
“10%, aqueous” 0 O + + + + + + +
saturated 0.8520 O
4 4 – + + + + + + +
0
60 + + + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
2.44 25
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
10 O + + + + +
0 + + + +
12 + + +
0
15
0
Concentration
“10%, aqueous” 1.61 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“gaseous,” 20 + – + + + + + + +
technically pure 40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + O + + +
80 O + + +
100 O + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“aqueous, all” 1.17 20
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous, 10%” 1.53 25
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
aqueous 20 + + + + + + + + +
cold saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“50%, aqueous” 1.51 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
“aqueous,” 20 + O + + – + + + +
cold saturated 40 + + + + + + +
25% 60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“aqueous, 10%” 1.73 25
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + O + + + + + +
80 + O + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + O + + + + + +
80 + O + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“aqueous, all” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 O + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“10%, aqueous” 1.77 20
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous,all” 1.3 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.8820 20 – – + O + + + + +
+ O
40 + O O + + + +
+O O
60 – + – O + + +
– –
+ O
+O O
–
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.8120 2 + + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 O + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 1.0220 20 O O + – + + +
40 + + + +
60 O + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“aqueous,” 20 + + + + +
saturated 40 O + + +
60 O O +
80 +
100
120
150
“90%, aqueous” 3.10 20 + + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentrated 20 + + – O O + + + +
40 O O – + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 +
Concentration
“80%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous,” 2.2 1 6
20 + + + + – + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous, all” 4.4 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“80%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous,” 2.2 1 6
20 + + + + – + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous, all” 4.4 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
usual 20 + + + + + + +
commercial 40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
usual 20 + + + + + + + +
commercial 40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
“saturated,” 1.04 20
20 – – + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + O + + + +
60 + – + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120
Concentration
technically pure 0.8815 2 – – O O +O + + + +
4
0 + O – + + + +
4 O
60
0 – + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
free of lead and 2 + + O + + + +
aromatic 0 + + + + + +
4
0
compounds 60 + O – + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
aqueous, all” 1.08 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + +
Benzyl alcohol C H CH OH
6 5 2
206
Bleaching lye NaOCl + Na Cl
Borax Na B O
2 4 7

Boric acid H BO
3 4
“Brine, sea water”
59
“Bromine, liquid” Br 2

“Bromine, vapours” Br 2
Bromine water Br - water

Butadiene H C=CH–CH=CH
2 2
–
4

Butane C H
4 10 0
Butanediol HO–CH –CH –CH –CH –OH

2 2 2 2 230
Butanol C H OH
4 9
117
Butyl acetate CH COOCH CH CH CH
3 2 2 2 3
126
“Butyl phenol, “ p-tertiary (CH ) CC H OH

3 3 6 4
237
Butylene glycol HO–CH –CH=CH–CH –OH

2 2 235

Butylene liquid CH
4 8
Butyric acid CH –CH –CH –COOH

3 2 2
16
Calcium bisulfite Ca (HSO ) 3 2

Calcium chloride CaCl 2
125
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2

100
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl) 2

Calcium nitrate Ca(NO ) 3 2
115
Carbon dioxide CO 2
(carbonic acid)
Carbon disulphide CS 2
46
Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4

77
Caustic potash solution KOH 131

(potassium hydroxide)
Caustic soda solution (Sodium NaOH
hydroxide)
Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4

Chloral hydrate CCl –CH(OH)
3 2
98
Chlorethanol ClCH –CH OH
2 2
129
Chloric acid HClO 3

Chloric acid (conti)
Chlorine Cl 2
Chlorine (conti.))
Chlorine water
“Chloroacetic acid,” ClCH COOH

2
188
mono
“Chloroacetic acid,”
mono (conti)
Chlorobenzene C H Cl
6 5
132
Chloroform CHCl 3
62
Chloromethane see Methylchloride

Chlorosulphonic acid Cl SO H 3
158
Chrome alum KCr(SO ) 4 2
(chromium potassium sulphat e)
Chromic acid CrO +H O

3 2

Chromic acid (conti)
Chromic acid CrO 3

plus Sulfuric acid H SO
2 4
plus water HO
2
Cider

Citric acid HO CH –COOH
2
153*
C
HOOC CH –COOH
2
Clophenes C H -C H Cl
6 5 6 4
2
“Coal gas, benzene free”

Coconut fat alcohol
Coconut oil
Compressed air containing o il

Cooking salt see Sodium chloride
Copper salts
Corn oil
Cresol HO–C H –CH

6 4 3
Crotonic aldehyde CH –CH=CH–CHO

3 102
Cyclohexane C H
6 12 81
Cyclohexanol C H – OH
6 11
161
Cyclohexanone CH O
6 10 155
Densodrin W
Detergents
(washing powder)
Dextrine
(starch gum)
Dextrose see Glucose
Dibutyl ether C H OC H
4 9 4 9
142
Dibutyl phthalate C H (COOC H )

6 4 4 9 2
340
Medium Formula
Dibutyl sebacate C H (COOC H )

8 16 4 9 2 344
Dichloroacetic acid Cl CHCOOH

2
194
ter Cl CHCOOCH
2 3
Dichloroacetic acid methyl es C H Cl

6 4 2
143
see Ethylene chloride
ClCH=CH.Cl
Dichlorobenzene 180
Dichloroethane
Dichloroethylene 60
Diesel oil
Diethylamine (C H ) NH
2 5 2
56
Diglycolic acid HOOC–CH –O–CH –COOH

2 2 148*

H1
Di-isobutyl ketone (CH ) CH–CH –CO–CH –C
3 2 2 2
24
Dimethyl formamide (methyl HCON(CH ) 3 2

153
pyrolidene)
Dimethylamine (CH ) NH
3 2
7
Dinonyl phthalate C H (COOC H )

6 4 9 19 2 220
Dioctyl phthalate C H (COOC H )

6 4 8 13 2
231
“1,4 Dioxane” OCH CH OCH CH

2 2 2 2
101
Drinking water see Water
Ethyl acetate CH COOCH –CH

3 2 3
77
Ethyl alcohol CH –CH –OH

3 2
78
Ethyl alcohol + acetic acid
(fermentation mixture)
Ethyl benzene CHCH

6 5 2 5 136
Ethyl chloride CH –CH Cl

3 2
12
Ethyl ether CH CH –O–CH CH

3 2 2 3
35
Ethylene chloride ClCH –CH Cl 2 2 83

Ethylene diamine H N–CH –CH –NH
2 2 2 2
117
Ethylene glycol HO–CH –CH –OH2 2

198
CH –CH
Ethylene oxide 2 2
10
\ /
Fatty acids >C6 R–COOH

Fatty alcohol sulphonates
Fertilizer salts
Fluorine F2
Fluosilicic acid H SiF

2 6
Formaldehyde HCHO
Formamide HCONH 2
210
Formic acid HCOOH 101

Formic acid (contined)
Freon 113 “see 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2,2 -

trichlo
Frigen12 CF Cl2 2
-30
Fruit juices
Fruit pulp
Fuel oil
Furfuryl alcohol C H CH OH
4 3 2
171
Gelatine
Glucose C H O
6 12 6 148*
Glycerine HO–CH –CH(OH)–CH O
2 2
H 290
Glycerine (conti.)
Glycocoll NH –CH –COOH

2 2
233*
Glycol see Ethylene glycol

Glycolic acid CH OH(CHOH) COOH
2 4
80*
Heptane C H
7 16 98
Hexane C H
6 14 69
Hydrazine hydrate H N–NH - H O

2 2 2
113
Concentration
technically pure 1.0520 2 O – + + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 O O O + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
12.5% active 20 + + O O O +
“chlorine,” 40 + + – – O +
aqueous 60 O + – +
80 + +
100 +
120
150
“all, aqueous” 1.4 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“aqueous, all” 0.86 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 3.1025 2 – – – – + + + + +
4
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + +
100 O + +
120
150
Concentration
high 20 – – – – + + + +
+ –
40 + + +
+ +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 O + +
120
150
“saturated,” 20 – + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150
technically pure 0.65-6 2 + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.600 2 + + + + + + + +
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous, 10%” 1.01 25
2 +O + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.8120 2 + O + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O + O + + + +
80 O + + + +
100 O + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.8920 2 – -– + O +O + + + +
4
0 + + + +
4
60
0 – + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.9820 2 O O + + + + + +
4
0 – + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.00 20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 O + + +
80 +
100
120
150
Concentration
technically pure 0.700 20 + – – + + + + +
3technically pure + +
40 + + + +
“cold saturated,” +O
aqueous 60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
0.9620 2 + – – + + + +
4
0 + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 O + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“saturated,” 2.16 25
20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous (all) 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“aqueous,” 2.34 20 + + + + O + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + – + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“cold saturated,” 2.35 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + O + + + +
80 + O + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 2.50 18
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“technically pure,” 1.35 20 + + + + + + + + +
anhydrous 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + +
“technically pure,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
moist 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
technically pure 1.2630 2 – -– O O + + + +
4
0 – + + + +
4 + +O
60
0 +O – + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.5925 2 – – – + + + +
25
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“50%, aqueous” 2.00 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + O + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“up to 10%,” aqueous 2.1320 2 + + + + – + + + +
4
0 + + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
“up to 40%,” 20 + + + + – + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + – + + + +
60 O + + + – + + + +
80 + + – + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 O + +
150 + +
“50%, aqueous” 2.1 20 + + + + – + + + +
40 + + + + – + + + +
60 + + + + – + + + +
80 + + – + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 O + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 1.9 20 – + O – + + + +
–
40 + + + +
+
60 + O + – + + +
–
–
+
+O
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 20 + + +
40 + + O
60 + + O
80 –
100
120
150
“10%, aqueous” 1.28 20
2 + + – + + + +
4
40% Sol. 0 + + + + +
4
60
0 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“20%, aqueous” 20 + + O – + + + +
40 + + + +
60 O + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“moist,” 20 O – – – O + + + +
97% gaseous 40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“anhydrous,” 20 O O – + + + + +
technically pure 40 O + + + + +
60 – + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 O + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“liquid,” technically 1.56-35 20 – – – – + + + +
pure O O
40 + + +
saturated + –
technically pure 60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 O + O + + +
40 O + O + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
1.58 20 + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 O + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
+
40 + + O + + + +
+
60 O + – + + + +
80 – + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.1120 20 – – + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 O – + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.4820 2 – – O + + + + +
20
0 + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 20 O – – O + + +
“cold saturated,”
40 – + +
aqueous
“up to 50%,” aqueous 60
80
100
120
150
1. 8325 20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
2.7 25 20 + + O O + + + + +
40 + + – – + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 O + +
120 O + +
150 + +
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + O O + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 O + +
100 O + +
120 + +
150 + +
50g 2.725 20 + – – + + + +
15g 1.8320 40 + + + +
35g 60 O + + +
80 O + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 + + + +
40 +
60 +
80
100
120
150
Concentration
“10%, aqueous” 1.67 20 + + + + + + + +
+O
40 + + + + + + +
–
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + +
technically pure 20 + + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
20 + + + +
40 +
60 +
80 +
100 +
Concentration
40 + O + + + + +
60 O O + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 20 + O + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 O O + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 O + O +
40 + +
60 +
80
100
120
150
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + O + + + + +
60 O + + – + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 20 O O + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 O O + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“cold saturated,” 1.03 41
20 O – + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 O + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.8520 20 – – + + + + + + +
40 O + + +
60 – + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.78 2 – – + + + + + + +
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 0.96 20 + – + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + O O + + + +
80 O + + +
100 – + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pureIII 2 –
for usual washing 0.95 20 0 O + + + + +
lathers – +O +O
4 4 O + + + +
0
60 O O – + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + +
40 +
60 +
80
100
120
150
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 O + + +
80 + +
100 +
120
150
Concentration
usual 1.04 20 + + + + + + + + +
commercial 40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 0.7720 2 – – O O + + +

4
0 + + +
4
60
0 – – + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.0520 2 – – +O + + + + +
4
0 O + + + +
4
60
0 O O O + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.9420 20 – – + + + + + +
40 + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
4
0 + + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O O O + + + + +
80 + + +
100 O + +
120 + +
150 + +
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + +
100 O + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
+
technically pure 1.38 20 – – + + O + + +
+
40 O + + + +
60 – + – + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
4
0 + – + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 O + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +

40 + + + + +
60 + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
20 + + O + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 O + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.7120 2 O – + +O + + +
4
0 + + +
4
60
0 – + + +
80
100
120
150
“30%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + O + + +
60 O + + O + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
–
technically pure 0.88 20 – + + + + + + +
O
40 + + + + +
60 – – O + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.9425 2 – + + – + + +
4
0 + + + + +
4
0
60 O + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.680 2 – + + O + + +
4
0 – + + +
4
60
0 O + +
80
100
120
150
Concentration
technically pure 20 – O + + + +
40 + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 20 – O + + + +
40 + + +
60 O + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.0320 2 – + O – + + + +
4
0 + O + + + +
4
60
0 + O + + +
80 – + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.9020 2 – – +O + O + + + +

4
0 O – + + + +
4
60
0 O O O + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“technically pure,” 0.7920 2 + + + +O + + + +
4
96% 0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O + + – + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 O + +
80 O
100
120
150
Concentration
2 O
0.87 20 0 – + +
technically pure – – O +
4 4 + +
0 +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
4
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 O + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 0.7420 2 – – O + + + +
4
0 + + +
4
60
0 + +
80 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+ +
Concentration
2 – –
1.25 20 0 O – + + + +
technically pure + O O O
4 4 + + + +
0 +
+
– –
O –
+ O
+
60 + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 O + + +
120 – + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 0.9020 2 + + OO + + +
4
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + – + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
4
0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“technically pure,” 2
liquid 0.9 20 0 + + + + +
technically pure – – – O
4 4 + + + + +
aqueous 0
60 + + + + +
80 O + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + O + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 O + O +
80 +
100 +
120
150
Concentration
aqueous 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 1.11 20 – – – – + + +
40 + + +
60 – + +
80 + + +
O
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“32%, aqueous” 1.46 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
“40%, aqueous” 2 +
technically pure 0.82-20 0 + + + + + + + +
“up to 50%,” aqueous – –
4 4 + + + + + + +
0 +
60 + O + + O + + +
<
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
1.1320 2 + +
4
0 + +
4
60
0 + +
80
100
120
150
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + O + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 25% + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 2
roethane” technically 1.22 20 0 + + + + + + +
pure +O
4 4 + O + + + + +
0
60 – + – + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 – + + +
150 + +
1.49-30 20 + O – – O +
40 +
60 +
80 +
100 +
120
150
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150
Concentration
+
20 + O + + + + +
–
+
+O
–
40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
20 O O + + + + +
40 – – + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + O O + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
“all, aqueous” 2 + + + + + + + +
0 + + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 +
150
“10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“37%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
2 +
0.6820 0 – + + + + +
technically pure + – + +
4 4 + + + + +
0
60 O O + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
4
0 + + + + +
4
60
0 O O + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
aqueous 20 + + + – + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Hydrobromic acid HBr 124
Hydrochloric acid HCl

“(see note on joining,”
page 38)
Hydrochloric acid (continued )

26
Hydrocyanic acid HCN
Hydrofluoric acid HF
“(see note on joining,”

page 38)
Hydrogen H 2 –253
Hydrogen chloride HCl –85
Hydrogen peroxide HO 2 2
Hydrogen peroxide (continue d)
“90
%,
eous”
aq
u
Hydrogen sulphide HS
2
d)
Hydrogen sulphide (continue (H N - OH) H2SO4
2 2
see Sodium dithionite J 2
Hydroxylamine sulphate
Hyposulphite
Iodine solution
Iron salts
Iso-octane (CH ) –C–CH –CH–(CH )
3 3 2 3 2
99
Isopropyl alcohol (CH ) - CH - OH

3 2
82
Isopropyl ether (CH ) · CH–O–CH–(CH )

3 2 3 2
68
Lactic acid CH CHOHCOOH

3
Lanolin
Linseed oil
Liqueurs
Lead acetate Pb(CH COO)

3 2
Lubricating oils
Lubricating oils
free of aromatic
compounds
Magnesium salts Mg Cl 2
Maleic acid CH–COOH 131*
CH–COOH
Marmelade
Mercury Hg
Mercury salts
Methane CH 4
–161
(natural gas)
Methanol CH OH3
100
Methyl acetate CH COOCH

3 3 56
Methyl amine CH NH3 2

–6
Methyl bromide CH Br
3
4
Concentration
“aqueous, 50%” 1.5 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
“5%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + O + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + O + + + + +
80 + O + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“up to 30%,” aqueous
“36%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
technically pure
40 + + + O + + + + +
“up to 30%,” aqueous
“36%, aqueous”
technically pure
60 O + + O + + + + +
80 + – + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
1.19 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + O + + + + +
60 O + + – + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
0.90 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“up to 40%,” 20 + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 O + + + + + + +
60 O O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
“70%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 O + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + +
100 – + +
120 +
150 +
“technically pure,” 1.5320 20 + + + + + + +
gaseous gr /L 40 + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
“10%, aqueous” 1.46 0
20 + + + O + + + +
40 + + + – + + + +
60 O + + – + + + +
80 + + +
+
+
–
100 + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
–
Concentration
“30%, aqueous” 20 + + + + – + + + +
40 + + + + – + + + +
60 + O – + + + +
80 – + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + – – + + + +
40 + + +
60 – + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120
150
technically pure 1.54 20 + + + + + + + + +
g /L0 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + O + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
6.5% iodine 20 – + + + + + + +
in ethanol 40 + + + + +
60 O + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
4
0 + + + +
4
60
0 O O + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + +
150 + +
4
0 + + + + + +
4
60
0 + + + + + +
80 + O + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
technically pure 0.72 20 – O O + + + +
40 + + + +
60 – – + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
“10%, aqueous” 1.2415 2 +O + + + + + + + +
4
0 + + + + + + + +
4
0
60 – + + O + + + +
80 + O + + +
100 + – + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
40 O + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Concentration
40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120
150
“aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
20 + + + O + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + O + + + + +
80 – + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + O O + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
“all, aqueous” 2.3 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 O + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150
pure 13.525 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + +
g /L 40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150
all 0.7920 2 + + + + +O + + +
4
0 + + + + + + +
4
60
0 O + + + – + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 < 10% + +
150 + +
Concentration
2 – +
0.93 20 0 O + + + +
technically pure + O +O
4 4 – + + +
0 +
60 – + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
“32%, aqueous” 0.70 -11 2 + O + +
4
0 + +
4
60
0 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120
150
technically pure 1.730 2 O + + + + +
0
0 + + + +
4
60
0 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Methyl chloride CH Cl3 –24
Methylene chloride CH Cl2 2

40
Methyl ethyl ketone CH COC H

3 2 5
80
Milk
Mineral water
Mixed acids
“(sulphuric,” H SO
2 4
“nitric,” HNO 3
water) HO
2
Concentration
O –
technically pure 0.9220 20 – – O O + + + + +
+O +O
40 – O + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
technically pure 1.3320 2 – – +O + + + +
4
0 – + + +
4
60
0 O + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
technically pure 0.82 20 – – – + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Concentration
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 +
150
48% 1.8320 20 + – – +
49% 1.550 40 O
3% 60 –
80
100
120
150
Mixed acids (continued) H SO HNO H O
2 4 3 2
H SO HNO H O
2 4 3 2
H SO HNO H O
2 4 3 2
Concentration
50% 20 O – – + +
50% 40 – – – O +
0% 60 O – – + +
10% 80 + +
87% 100 +
3% 120
50% 150
31% 20
19% 40
60
80
100
120
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
Mixed acids (continued) H SO HNO H O
2 4 3 2
Mixed acids “(nitric,” H SO HNO H O

2 4 3 2
“hydrofluoric,” sulphuric) 15% pure HNO 3
5% pure HF
18% pure H SO2 4
Concentration
50% 20 + O – – +
33% 40 + O – +
17% 60 + O – +
10% 80 O +
20% 100 +
70% 120 +
3 parts 150 +
1 part 20 +
2 parts 40
60
80
100
120
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
1.550
0.920
1.8320
Mixed acids “(sulphuric,” H SO
2 4
“phosphoric,” H PO3 4
water) HO
2
Molasses
Molasses wort
Concentration
30% 1.8320 20 + +O + +
60% 1.8725 40 + + O +
10% 60 + + + +
80 + O + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + +
40 +
60 + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Monochloroacetic acid ethyl ester ClCH COOC H
2 2 5
144
Monochloroacetic acid methyl ClCH COOCH
2 3
130
ester 4
C H ONH
8
129
Morpholin
Concentration
technically pure 20 O + + O
technically pure 40 O + + –
technically pure 60 – + + +O
80 + + +
100 + + +O
120 + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60
80
100
120
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
1.020 + + +
4 + + +
Mowilith D
Naphthalene
Nickel salts
C H
10 6 218
Concentration
usual commercial 20 + + + +
technically pureI 40 – +O + +
“cold saturated,” 60 + + + +O
aqueous 80 + O + + +
100 + + +
120 +
150 +
20 +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 –
+ + + +
20 +
1.1620 + + + +
40 +
2 + + + +
60 +
+ + + +
80 +
+ + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
+ + +
Nitric acid HNO 3
“(see note on joining,” page 38)

Concentration
“6.3%, aqueous” 20 + + + +O + + + +
“up to 40%,” aqueous 40 + + + O + + + +
“65%, aqueous” 60 + + + – + + + +
80 + + O – + + + +
100 +O + – + + + +
120 OO + O + + + +
150 – + – + + + +
20 + – + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 +O + +
150 – + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Nitric acid (continued) see Nitrous gases C H NO
6 5 2
Nitric oxide Nitrobenzene 6

C H CH NO
4 3 2
Nitrotoluene (3-) “(o-, m-, p-)”
209
222–
238
Concentration
100% 1.550 20 – – – O + +
technically pure 1.2115 40 – + + – + +
4
technically pure 60 – +O + +O + +
1.1620 80 + + – + +
4
100 +O + + + +
120 +O + + +
150 + + +
20 +O + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 – – + + +
60 + + + +
80 +O + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150
Nitrous gases NOx
Oleic acid C H COOH
17 33
Oleum H SO +SO
2 4 3
16*
Concentration
“diluted, moist,” 20 + O + +O + + + +
anhydrous 40 + + – + + + +
10% SO3 80 + + +O + + + +
100 – +O – + + + +
120 – + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 – – + + +
120 + + +
0.8579 150 + + +
1.8320 20 + + +
2.72 40 + + +
.g /L20 60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150
–
Oleum vapours
Olive oil
Oxalic acid
(COOH) 2
Concentration
traces 20 + – – – + + +
“cold saturated, 40 + + + + – + +
aqueous 60 + + + + + + +
80 + O + + + + +
100 20 + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + O + + +
40 + + +
60 – + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 O + +
”1.9017 + + +
4
+ + +
40 + +
60 +O
+ +
80 + +
100 + +
120 +
150
+ +
Oxygen O
2
Ozone O
3
(for ultra high C H COOH

15 31
purity applications contact

factory)
Palmitic acid
390
Concentration
technically pure 20 + + + +O + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 40 + + +O O + + + + +
aqueous 60 + + O – + + + + +
technically pure 80 + + – O +O + + + +
100 + O – O + + + +
120 + + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 +O + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
0.8562
4
“Palm oil, palm nut oil”
Parafin emulsions
Paraffin oil
Concentration
20 + O + + + + + +
40 – + +O + + + + +
60 + +O + O + + + +
80 + +O + + + + +
100 + + + + + + +
120 + O + O + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 O + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
usual “commercial,” 20 + + + +
aqueous 40 + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
Perchloric acid HClO 4
Perchloroethylene C C=CC
l2 l2
(tetrachloroethylene)
121
Concentration
“10%, aqueous” 1.67 20 + + + + + + + + +
%, aqueous” 1.6220 40 + O + + + + +O + + +
4
technically pure 60 O – + + + + + + +
80 – +O O + + + + +
100 – – + + + + +
120 O O + + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 +O + + +
150 O + + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120
150
Petroleum
Petroleum ether
Petroleum jelly
40–
70
Concentration
technically pure 20 + + +O + + + + +
technically pure 40 + +O O + + + + +
technically pure 60 + +O + + + + + +
80 + O +O + + + + +
100 O O +O + + + + +
120 – – + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 +
0.64 40 +
60 +
80
100
120
150
Phenol C H OH
6 5
182
Phenylhydrazine C H NH–NH
6 5 2
243
Concentration
“up to 10%,” aqueous 1.06 41
20 + O + + + + + + +
“up to 90%,” aqueous 4 40 O +O + + + + + +
4
80 +O + + + + + +
100 O + + + + + +
120 + + + + + +
150 O +O + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
–
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride C H NH–NH +Cl–
6 5 3
Phosgene COCl 2
Phosphoric acid H PO
3 4
8
Concentration
aqueous 20 O +O + + + +
“liquid,” technically 40 – O + + + +
pure 60 +O O + + + +
“gaseous,” 80 O O + + + +
technically pure 100 + + + + + +
“up to 30%,” aqueous 120 +O + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 + + + +
20 + + + +
O
40 + + + +
1.39 +
60 + + + +
1.7 +
80 +
+
100 +
120 +
150
+
+
+
+
Phosphoric acid (continued)
Phosphorous chlorides:
phosphorous
trichloride phosphorous
pentachloride phosphorous
oxychloride
75
162
PCl PCl POCl
3 5 3 105
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
“85%, aqueous” 40 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + + +
100 + + +O + + + + +
120 + + +O + + +O + +
150 – + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 – +O + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + +O + + +
120 – + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 +
150 +
1.57
Phosphorous pentoxide PO
2 5
Photographic emulsion
Photographic developer
Concentration
usual commercial 40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + +
120 + O +O + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100
120
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
Photographic fixer
Phthalic acid
Picric acid
C H (COOH)
6 4 2 208*
C H (NO ) OH
6 2 2 3
122*
Concentration
usual commercial 20 + + + + + + +
“satura aqueous” 40 + O + + + + + +
“1%, aqueous” 60 + O + + + + + +
80 – + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
1.5920 20 + + +
4
40 + + +
1.77 20
4 60 + + +
80 +
100 +
120
150
–
Plating Solutions Brass
(continued) Plating Solutions Cad
Chrome
mium
Concentration
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + – + + +
120 + + + – + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
20 + + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 +
Plating Solutions (continued) Copper
Potash Gold
(potassium carbonate) K CO
2 3
Concentration
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + – + +
120 + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +O +
20 O +
40 +
60 +
80 +
100 +
120 +
150 +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
“cold saturated,” + + +
aqueous 2.4 + + +
Potassium / aluminium sulphates Al (SO ) K SO
2 4 3 2 4
106
(alum) K Cr O
2 2 7
107
Potassium bichromate K BO
3 3
Potassium borate
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
“saturated,” aqueous 40 +O + + + + + + + +
“10%, aqueous” 60 + + + + + + + + +
80 +O + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + + +
120 +O + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + +O + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
2.7 40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Potassium bromate K BrO3
Potassium bromide K Br
Potassium carbonate Potassium see Potash K ClO 3
chlorate
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 3.27 17
20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 2.75 40 + O + +O + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 2.33 20
60 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 80 + O + + + + + + + +
aqueous 100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 O + + +
150 – + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Potassium chloride KCl
Potassium chromate K CrO
2 4
Potassium cyanide KCN

Concentration
“all, aqueous” 1.99 20 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 2.7320
40 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 1.5216 60 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 80 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 +O + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Potassium hydroxide Potassium see Caustic potash solution
iodide KI
Potassium nitrate KNO 3
Potassium perchlorate KClO 4

Concentration
“cold saturated ,” 3.12 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 2.1 40 + + + + + + + + +
“50%, aqueous” ” 2.5 60 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated, 80 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + + +
20 +O + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Potassium permanganate KMnO 4
Potassium persulphate KSO

2 2 8
Potassium phosphates KH PO and K H PO

2 4 2 4
Concentration
aqueous 2.7 40 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” `2.5 20 +O + +O + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 60 + + + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 80 +O + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + + +
120 +O + + + + + + + +
150 – + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Potassium sulphate K SO
2 4
Propane CH
3 8
CH
3 8
–42
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 2.7 20 + + + + + + + + +
“technically pure,” 40 + O + + + + + + + +
liquid 60 + + + + + + + + +
“technically pure,” 80 + + + + + + + + +
gaseous 100 + + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + +
60
80
100
120
150
“Propanol, n - and iso-” C H OH
3 7
97
Propargyl alcohol CH:CCH –OH 2
and
Propionic acid CH CH COOH
3 2
82
resp.
114
141
Concentration
technically pure 0.8020 20 +O O + + + + + +
4
“7%, aqueous” 40 O O + + + + + +
“50%, aqueous” 0.7920 60 + O + + +O + + +
4
0.97 20 80 + + + +O + + +
4 100 + + + O + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 +O + + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
+
+
+
+
Propionic acid (continued)
Propylene glycol
Propylene oxide
CH CHOHCH OH
3 2 188
CH –CH–CH O
2 3
35
Concentration
technically pure 0.9926 20 + O O +O +O + + + + +
4
technically pure 40 + + O O + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
4
0.860 80 + + + + + + + + +
4 100 < + + + + + + + +
120 O 25% + + + + + + +
150 – +O + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
Prussic acid Pyridine see Hydrocyanic acid N(CH) 115
4
Ramasit fabric water-proofin CH

Salpetre g agents
Silico fluoric acid see Potassium nitrate see
Fluosilicic acic
Concentration
technically pure 0.9825 20 – – +O O + - + + +
4
usual commercial 40 + O O – - + + +
60 + O + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
Silicone oil
Silver salts
Soap solution
Concentration
20 + O + + + + + +
40 – – + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + O + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + +
120 + O + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
+
150 + + +
+
“cold saturated,” 20 +
+
aqueous 40 +
+
“all, aqueous” 60 +
+
80 +
+
100 +
+
120 +
150
Soda see Sodium carbonate
Sodium acetate CH COONa
3
Sodium benzoate C H COONa

6 5
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3

Concentration
“all, aqueous” 1.53 20 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 2.2 40 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 60 +O + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 80 + + + + +O + + + +
aqueous 100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + +
20 + + + +O + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + +O + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 +
40 +
60 +
80 +
100 +
120 +
150 +
Sodium bisulphate NaHSO 4
Sodium bisulphite NaHSO 3
Sodium bromate NaBrO

3
Concentration
“10%, aqueous” 2.4 20 + + + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 1.5 40 +O + + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 3.34 60 +O + + + + + + + +
80 – + + + + + + + +
100 +O + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + +
150 + +O +O + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Sodium bromide NaBr
Sodium carbonate (soda) Na CO
2 3
Sodium chlorate NaClO 3

Concentration
“all, aqueous” 3.2 20 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 1.55 40 +O + + + + + + + +
aqueous 2.5 60 + + + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 80 + + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 +O + + + +O + + + +
20 + + + O + + + +
40 + + + O + + + +
60 + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Sodium chloride (cooking salt) NaCl
Sodium chlorite NaClO2
Sodium chromate Na CrO

2 4
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 2.2 20 + + + + + + + + +
“diluted, aqueous” 2.47 40 +O + + + + + + + +
“diluted,” aqueous 2.72 60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + + + +
100 +O + + + + + + + +
120 + +O + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + +O + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Sodium disulphite Na S O
2 2 5
Sodium dithionite (hyposulphite) Na S O

2 2 4
Sodium fluoride NaF

Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + +
“up to 10%,” 40 + O + + +
aqueous 60 + + + +
“cold saturated,” 80 + O + + +
aqueous 100 + + + +
120 + +
150 +O
20 +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
+ + +
+
+
+
2.78 +
Sodium hydroxide Sodium see Caustic soda solution
hypochlorite Na OCl
Sodium iodide Na I
Concentration
12.5% active 20 + + O O O + + + +
“chlorine,” 40 + O + – – + + + + +
aqueous 60 20 + + + +O + + + +
“all, aqueous” 80 + O + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + + +
3.67
25
+ + + + +
4
+ + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150
+
Sodium nitrate NaNO 3
Sodium nitrite NaNO 2
Sodium oxalate Na C O
2 2 4
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 2.26 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 2.17 20
0
40 +O + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 40 60 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 60 80 + + + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 80 100 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 100 120 + + + + + + + +
120 150 + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
2.2720 + + + + + +
40 +O + + + + +
60 +O + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Sodium persulphate Na S O
2 2 8
Sodium phosphate Na PO
3 4
Sodium silicate Na SiO

2 3
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 +O + + + + + + +
“cold saturated,” 60 + + + + + + + +
aqueous 80 +O + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 100 + + + + + + + +
120 +O + + +O + + + +
150 + + – + + + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + +O + + + +
60 + – + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + +
2.54 18 20 + + + +
2.61 40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150 + +
Sodium sulphate Na SO
2 4
Sodium sulphide Na S
2
Sodium sulphite Na SO
2 3
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 2.66 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 1.86 14
40 + O + + + + + + + +
4
“cold saturated,” 60 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 2.63 15
80 + O + + + + + + + +
4
“cold saturated,” 100 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 120 + O + + + + + + + +
150 + + + OO + + + +
20 + + + O + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
Sodium thiosulphate Na S O
2 2 3
Spindle oil
Spinning bath acids containing
carbon disulphide
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 2.35 20 + + + + + + + + +
aquoeus 40 + O + + + + + + + +
100 mg CS2 / I 60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + OO + + + + + +
100 + + O + + + + +
120 – + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
Spinning bath acids containing
carbon disulphide (continued)
Spirits
– Brandy
Concentration
200 mg CS2 / I 20 O + + +
700 mg CS2 / I 40 – + + +
usual commercial 60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 +
150 +
20 +
40 +
60
80
100
120
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
Stannous chloride SnCl 2
Starch solution
Starch syrup
Concentration
“cold saturated,” 20 + O + + + + +
aqueous 40 O + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 60 + + + + + +
usual commercial 80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Stearic acid C H COOH
17 35
69*
Succinic acid HOOC–CH –CH –COOH
2 2 185*
Sugar syrup
Concentration
20 + + +O +O + + + + +
“aqueous, all” 1.55 40 + + + + + + + + +
usual commercial 60 + – + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + + +
20 + O + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + + +
80 + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
Sulfur S 119
Sulfur dioxide SO2 –10
Concentration
*technically pure 1.92 20 O + + + + + + + +
“technically pure,” 2.72 40 – – + + + + + + +
anhydrous .g /L
20
60 + + + + + + + +
“all, moist” 80 + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + +
150 +O + + OO+O + + +
20 + + – + + + +
40 + + +O + + + +
60 + – + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Sulfur dioxide (continued)
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuric acid
“(see note on joining,” page 2.2)
SO3
H2SO4
Concentration
“technically pure,” 20 – – – – + + + +
liquid 40 – – – O +O + + +
moist 60 + + + + + + + +
“up to 40%,” aqueous 80 +O + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + +
120 + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 +O + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
1.92 20 20 + +
1.84 40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
+
+
+
Sulfuric acid (conti.)
Concentration
“up to 60%,” 20 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +
“up to 80%,” 60 + + + + + + + + +
aqueous 80 + + + + + + + + +
“90%, aqueous” 100 + + +O +O + +O + + +
120 + + O O + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + +O + +
80 + +O + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 +O + +
40 O +
60 +
80 +
100 +
120 +
150 +
Sulfuric acid (conti.)
Concentration
“96%, aqueous” 20 + + – – +O + + +
97% 40 + O + O + + +
98% 60 + – + + +
80 + – + + +
100 + + + +
120 + – + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
+
+
+
+
+
+
1.84 +
Sulfurous acid H SO
2 3
Sulfuryl chloride SO Cl2 2
Tallow
69
Concentration
“saturated,” aqueous 1.03 20 + + + + + + + +
technically pure 1.87 40 + O + + + + + + +
80 + – – + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + +
120 + + + O + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
Tannic acid C H O
14 10 9
Tanning extracts from plants H00C(CHOH) COOH
2
Tartaric acid
170*
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +
usual 40 + + + + + + + +
“all, aqueous” 60 + + + + + + + +
80 +O – + + + + + +
100 + + + + + +
120 + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
+
+
+
+
1.76 +
Tetrachloroethane Cl CH–CHCl
2 2
146
Tetrachloroethylene Tetraethyl see Perchloroethylene 66
lead (CH CH ) Pb
3 2 4
Tetrahydrofurane CHO
4 8
Concentration
20 – O O + + + +
4
60 – O – +O + + +
4
0.89 20 80 – + + +
4 100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + + +
80 OO + + +
100 O + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
–
Tetrahydronaphthalene (teralin) C H
10 12 207
Thionyl chloride SOCl 2
79
Tin dichloride Toluene see Stannous chloride 111
C H CH
6 5 3
Concentration
20 – O – + + + +
4
technically pure 40 – – – O + + +
60 – O O – + + +
4
0.87 20 80 – – + + + +
4 100 +O + + +
120 – + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 – + +
40 – + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tributylphosphate (C H ) PO
4 9 3 4
289
Trichlorethylene Cl C = CHCl
2
87
Trichloroacetic acid Cl C–COOH
3
196
Concentration
20 – – + + + + + +
4
technically pure 40 – – + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + +
4
1.63 61 80 – O + + + +
4 100 +O + + + + +
120 – + O + + +
150 + + + +
20 – + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 + + +
40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Trichloroacetic acid (continued)
Trichloroethane
(methylchloroform)
+Trichloromethane “1,1,2-
Trichloro-”
“1,2,2,-Trifluoroethane” (Freon
113)
Cl –C–CH 7
3 3
4
see Chloroform FCl C–
2
4
CClF 2
7
Concentration
“50%, aqueous” 20 +O + + + + + +
technically pure 40 – + + +O + + +
technically pure 60 + + + – – + +
80 + O O + + + +
120 + + + +
150 +O + + +
20 – + + +
40 + + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 + +
1.34 20 40 + +
1.56 25 60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
Tricresyl phosphate (CH C H O) PO
3 6 4 3 4
Triethanolamine N(CH –CH –OH)

2 2 3
Triethylamine N(CH –CH )

2 3 3
21*
89
Concentration
technically pure 1.14 20 – + + + + +
40 O + O + + +
4
technically pure 60 + + + + +
0.73 25
80 + + +
4
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20 + + +
40 O + +
60 – + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
+
+
+
+
Trioctyl phosphate (C H ) PO
8 17 3 4
Turpentine oil H N–CO–NH

2 2
Urea
133*
Concentration
technically pure 0.92 20 – O + + + +
technically pure 0.9 40 + O OO – + + +
“up to 30%,” aqueous 1.318
60 + O + + +
4
80 + O + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
20 + +
40 + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
+
20 +
+
40 – +
+
60 +
+
80 +O
+
100 +
120 +
150 +
Urine
Vegetable oils and fats
Vinegar
Concentration
20 + + + + + + + +
40 + O + + + + + + +
60 + O + + + + + + +
80 + + +O + + + + +
100 + O + +O + + + +
120 + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
20 +
40
60
80
100
120
150
usual commercial
Vinyl acetate CH = CHOOCCH
2 3
73
Vinyl chloride CH = CHCl
2
–14
Viscose spinning solution
Concentration
20 – – +O O + + + +
4
technically pure 40 – + – + + + +
0.97 -14
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
20
40
60
80
100
120
150
+
+
+
Waste gases
– Alkaline
Waste gases containing
– Carbon oxides
Waste gases containing
– Hydrochloric acid
Concentration
20 + + + +O + + +
40 + + + – + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + + + +
40 + + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 +O + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
all 20 + +
all 40 + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
Waste Gases
– Hydrogen fluoride
Waste Gases
– Nitrous gases
Waste Gases
– Sulphur dioxide
Concentration
traces 20 + + + + + + +
traces 40 + + + + + + +
traces 60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + +O + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + + +
40 + + +
60 + +
20
80
100
120
150
Waste Gases
– Sulphur trioxide
Waste Gases
– Sulphuric acid
“ Water, condensed”
Concentration
traces 20 + + + + + + +
all 40 + + +O + + + +
60 + + O + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + +O + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + +
20 + O + + + + + +
40 + + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + + +
20 + + + +
40 + + +
60 + +
80 + +
100 + +
120 + +
150 + +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
“ Water distilled,” deionized H O
2
100
“ Water, drinking”
“ Water, waste water” without
organic solvent
Concentration
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + + + +
150 + + + + + + + + +
20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + +
60 + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 + + + + + + +
120 + + + + + +
150 + + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + +
120 + + +
150 + +
Wax alcohol C H OH
31 63
Wetting agents
“ Wines, red and white”
Concentration
technically pure 20 + O O + + + +
“up to 5%,” aqueous 40 + – – + + + +
80 + + + + + + +
100 +O + + + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + + + +
20 + + + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + +
100 + + +
120 + +
150
20
40 O
60
80
100
120
150
Wine vinegar
Xylene
Yeast
138–
C H (H )
6 4 3 2
144
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 60 + + + + + + +
80 – – + + + + +
100 + + – + + + +
120 + + + + + + +
150 + + +O + + +
20 + – + + +
40 + + + +
60 + + + +
80 + + + +
100 + + + +
120 + + + +
150 + + +
0.88 20
20 + + +
4 40 + + +
60 + + +
80 + + +
100 + +
120 + +
150
Zinc salts
Concentration
“all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +
40 + + + + + + + + +
60 O + + + + + + + +
80 + + + + + +
100 + + + + +
120 + + + +
150 E + +
nd Cha
of p
t
er
Chemical IndexAAcetaldehyde 6Acetic acid 6, 7Acetic acid anhydride 7 Acetic ether 8Acetone 8acid ethyl ester 78 acid methyl este
A B CD E F G H I L MN O P R ST U V W X Y Z
Anon 17Antimony trichloride 17Aqua regia 17Arsenic acid 18, 19BBarium
CCalcium
hydroxide
bisulfite
18, 19Barium
27Calciumsalts
chloride
18, 19Battery
28Calciumacid
hydro
20
Chemical Index
Copper salts 40Corn oil 40Cresol 40Crotonic aldehyde 41Cyclohexane 41Cyclohexanol 41Cyclohexanone 42DDensodrin W 42Dete
Ethyl ether 50Ethylene chloride 51Ethylene diamine 51Ethylene glycol 51Ethylene oxide 52FFatty acids >C6 52Fatt
Hydrazine hydrate 59Hydrobromic acidChemical
60Hydrochloric
Index acid 60, 61Hydrocyanic acid 61Hydrofluoric acid 62H
Methane 71Methanol 71Methyl acetate 72Methyl amine 72Methyl bromide Oxalic
72Methyl
acidchloride
83Oxygen73 Methyl
84Ozoneethyl
84PPalm
ketone oil,
73 palm
methyl
nutpyroli
oil 8
78
Nickel salts 79Nitric acid 80, 81Nitric oxide 81Nitrobenzene 81NitrotoluenePhthalic
(3-) 81Nitrous
acid 92Picric
gases acid
82OOleic
92Plating
acid Solutions
82Oleum 93,
82Oleum
94Potas
va
Chemical Index
Potassium cyanide 97Potassium hydroxide 98potassium
A B hydroxide
CD E F G H30Potassium
I L MN O Piodide
R S 98Potassium
89 103
Salpetre 103see Water 49Silico fluoric acid 103 Silicone
T U oil
VW 104Silver
X Y Z salts 104Soap solution 104s
Soda 105Sodium benzoate 105S

Sodium bisulphite 106Sodium bromate 106Sodium bromide 107Sodium carbonate
Sulfur
107Sodium
trioxide chlorate
119Sulfuric
107Sodium
acid 119,chloride
120, 121Sulfur
108Sodi
Sodium dithionite 109Sodium fluoride 109Sodium hydroxide 31, 110Sodium hypochlorite 110Sodium iodide 110Sodium nitrate 111
Sulfur trioxide 119Sulfuric acid 119, 120, 121Sulfurous acid 122Sulfuryl
Vinegarchloride
130Vinyl
122TTallow
acetate 131Vinyl
122Tannic
chlorid
acid131Viny
123Tan
Tartaric acid 123teralin 125Tetrachloroethane 124Tetrachloroethylene 124tetrachloroethylene
Waste Gases - Hydrogen
86Tetraethyl
fluoridee
lead 133
124Tetrahydrofur
Waste Gases -
Chemical Index
ogen fluoridee 133 Waste Gases - Nitrous gases 133 Waste Gases - Sulphur dioxide 133 Waste Gases - Sulphur trioxide 134 Waste gases -Alkaline 132
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Chemical Resistance of Thermop

in Dual Laminate Construc

0.89 for the substanc

C. A density of 0.89 indicates a density of

0.89 for the substance at 16 C relative to water at 4 C.

Polyvinyl Chloride PVC

Chorinated Polvinyl Chloride CPVC

Polypropylene, heat stabilized PP

Polyvinylidene Fluoride PVDF (SYGEF)

Ethylene-chlorotriflluoro- ethylene ECTFE

Fluorinated ethylene-propylene FEP

resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

organic solvents. Unsuitable for concentrated oxidizing acids.

Chemical resistance similar to that of PE but suitable for higher temperatures. 90 0

Ketones, Amines, Alcohols, Furanes, Esters and Aldehydes.

Ketones, Amines, Alcohols, Furanes, Esters and Aldehydes.

Ketones, Amines, Alcohols, Furanes, Esters and Aldehydes.

Acetic acid CH COOH

Medium Formula Concentration

Acetic acid CH COOH

Medium Formula Concentration

Medium Formula Concentration

Adipic acid HOOC–(CH ) –COOH

see Ethyl acetate

technically pure. 0.80 20

Allyl alcohol H C=CH–CH –OH

Alum see Potassium / aluminium sulph

Aluminium chloride AICI 3

Aluminium sulphate AI (SO4)

Medium Formula Concentration

Ammonium carbonate (NH ) CO 4 2 3

Medium Formula Concentration

Ammonium hydrogen fluorid e

Ammonium sulphide (NH ) S4 2

Medium Formula Concentration

Medium Formula Concentration

Anon see Cyclohexanone

Medium Formula Concentration

Barium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2

Barium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2

Medium Formula Concentration

“Beef tallow emulsion,”sulpho

Medium Formula Concentration

“10%, aqueous” 1.61 20 + + + + + + + + +

“90%, aqueous” 3.10 20 + + + + + + + + +

Bleaching lye NaOCl + Na Cl

Medium Formula Concentration

Medium Formula Concentration

Bromine water Br - water

Medium Formula Concentration

Butanediol HO–CH –CH –CH –CH –OH

“Butyl phenol, “ p-tertiary (CH ) CC H OH

Butylene glycol HO–CH –CH=CH–CH –OH

Medium Formula Concentration

Butyric acid CH –CH –CH –COOH

Calcium bisulfite Ca (HSO ) 3 2

Medium Formula Concentration

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2

Medium Formula Concentration

Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4

Caustic potash solution KOH 131

Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4

Medium Formula Concentration