Intergraph User Education Series

Geospatial User Guide

Erdas Imagine Functionalities

 Table of Contents

1. Geo-Referencing of Toposheet 02-10

2. Importing of NRSC Satellite data 11-13

3. Geo-Referencing of Panchromatic data 14-19

4. Google Earth Functionality 20-21

5. Enhancement\Convolution 22-26

6. Image Subset 27-29

7. Resolution Merge 30-32

8. Stitching of Images 33-37

9. DEM Generation 38-45

10. Virtual GIS 46-63

11. Change Detection 64-66

12. Classification 67-78

13. Vectorization 79-86

14. Map Composition & Symbol Creation 87-94

15. Spatial Modeler 95-104

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Erdas Imagine Ribbon Interface Terminology

Quick Launches
Menu
Tool Bar

Contents

2D View

Retriever

Mouse Conventions

LMB Left Mouse Button

RMB Right Mouse Button
MMB Middle Mouse Button
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Geo-Referencing of Topo-sheets

Objective: To Geo-Reference scanned raster SOI surveyed toposheet.

1. Invoke the software by clicking on Window Start>All programs>Erdas>

Erdas Imagine.

2. Click RMB on the 2D View to get Viewer menu and click on Open
Raster Layer.

3. New dialog box appears to Select Layer to Add then select 57f2.tiff file, click OK to
open.
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4. On Erdas Imagine menu click on Multispectral to get respective toolbar.

5. Click on Transform & Orthocorrect toolbar submenu control points to select Geometric model.
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5. Select Polynomial as on Set Geometric Model on Model list and click

OK.

6. GCP Tool Reference Setup dialog box appears to collect Geographical

reference point source, select the option Keyboard Only for toposheet
map then click OK.
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7. Click on Reference Map Information click on Set to get the Projection

chooser dialog box.

8. On Projection Chooser window click on the Custom Tab and set

projection parameter as –

Projection Type Geographic Lat/Lon

Spheroid Name Everest 1956
Datum Name Indian (India, Nepal)

then click OK.

9. Polynomial Model Properties dialog box appears, click Close to Proceed.

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Note: There are 16 reference points in a Topo sheet the lat/lon values of
all these points are shown on the Topo sheet.

10.Click Create GCP icon on Multipoint Geometric Correction tool bar. Move
the mouse cursor on the viewer, cursor will turn as „+’ like cross sign on
the viewer then take cursor to the top left corner of the grid on the
toposheet and click LMB button. GCP point gets placed at corner of
toposheet map grid then GCP point input values comes as in GCP Tool (X
input and Y input).

11.For same GCP point input value for X Ref 77 and Y Ref 14 45(to input
values use space bar eg. to enter 14 45‟, type 14 press space bar then type
45).
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12.Follow the same above step to create second and third point on toposheet
on other grid corner.

13.As after third point onwards point reference values need to provide as
input for column Xref. and Yref. then software starts point prediction
automatically on the toposheet, if it is required adjust the same GCP point
to the exact location.

14.Follow the same step for remaining another 12 GCP points on the
toposheet grid.

15.As after placing GCP points, save the points by clicking file/save input
and save reference in multipoint geometric correction window.
16.Create a folder name ERDASOUT on your local drive where output data be
saved. Click on Multipoint Geometric correction tool display

resampling image dialog , Resample dialog box write TOPO-GEO as

output name on ERDASOUT directory to get resample output and make
sure to ignore zero stats.
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then click OK.

17.As after removing toposheet non-georefrenced image from contents by

clicking RMB remove layer then open the resampled output topo-geo
image in same viewer.
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18. Open the resampled output file (topo-Geo.img) in 2d view to verify the
output file. Click on Ribbon Home menu Information tool b inquiry
cursor, place the cross hair to the know location (where longitude and
latitude values are printed on Toposheet). Select top left corner list box
option from map to Lat./Long., so for known values on toposheet grid this
software interface values has to be very close to each other values.
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Importing of NRSC Satellite Data

The ERDAS IMAGINE Import function allows importing a wide variety of data
types to use with ERDAS IMAGINE and other Software. The Export function lets
convert image (ERDAS IMAGINE .img file format) files into other several data
formats.

Objective: To Import IRS 1C/1D Satellite Data (Super Structured Format).

1. On erdas imagine software ribbon click on Manage menu, click on tool

bar Import Data to get import dialog box.

2. Choose the format by using drop down list, select IRS-1C/1D(Super

Structured format) and browse Input File pan/product1/imagery.pan as
in the Output file enter pan.img and click OK.

3. New Information Import IRS-Data in Super Structured Format dialog box,

which provides all the details about satellite data.
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4. Click Import Options button to get Import Options dialog box, click to
check on Ignore Zero in Output Stats then click OK on dialog box.
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5. Click OK to get the progress bar, after completion of 100 Percent on

Progress bar click DONE and open the imported pan image in 2d view
after removing all the layers.
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Geo-Referencing of Panchromatic Data

Objective: To Geo-Reference imported pan Image with the reference of topo-

poly geo-referenced topo-sheet.

1. On erdas imagine click on Panchromatic menu to get respective toolbar.

2. Click on Transform & Orthocorrect toolbar control points to select

Geometric model.
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3. Select Polynomial as on Set Geometric Model on Model list and click

OK.

4. On GCP Tool Reference Setup, select Image layer (new viewer) and click
ok.
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5. Dialog box appears to choose the reference image layer. Select topo-
poly.img and click OK. (This will be used as a reference image). Reference
map information dialog box appears and click OK.

6. As after providing three GCPs point, automatically prediction of point gets

start. So place a point in one image, same GCP point will get placed in
another image automatically. If it is required adjust the same point to
identified correct location.

7. Collect sufficient number of GCP points and save it. Click GCP Tool menu
file/save input and file/save reference for the GCP points.

8. Total RMS error can be checked by point respective GCP Tool Column.
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9. Click on tool menu display resampling image dialog, on Resample

dialog box write Pan-poly as output name on ERDASOUT directory to get
resample output and make sure to ignore zero stats.
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then click OK.

a. To check the correctness of output image with referenced topo-
sheet, on Erdas Imagine Quick launch panel and open output
image pan_poly.img.

b. To overlay corrected top-sheet, in same viewer select quick launch

panel open topo-poly click on raster options tab to disable
clear display and click OK.

c. Rec ti fi ed topo-sheet will get overlaid on rectified image. By using

RMB click on the same viewer select Swipe option.
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d. Transition Menu comes up, Click Start/Stop. It start swipe between

the two layers. Check features of toposheet matching with features
of image.
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Google Earth Functionality

Objective: Connect and synchronize ERDAS IMAGINE Viewer with Google Earth.

Prerequiste: Google Earth installed on system and Internet access on same system.

1. Open georefrenced image gemtm.img and vector data germtmriver.shp file on viewer.

2. Click on Google Earth menu>Connect to Google earth, then Google earth get automatically
invoked.

3. Click on Match GE to View tool button to View same region image on GE.

4. Click on Export Views Foot prints, also click on Export Overlays tool to export image

foot print and vector data on to GE respectively.

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To link both the view

5. Click on Link to View and Sync GE to View, to link and synchronize both the view. Zoom inside

EI view then automatically GE View also get zoom in as at same location.

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Enhancement/Convolution

Objective: To enhance the image to identify the features.

Enhancements of image are as divided into below category-

1. Spatial Enhancement: Functions for adjusting the quality of image or derive a new information

about it using spatial pixel functions.

I. Convolution Filtering
2. Spectral Enhancement: Image transformation technique using Multi spectral Band image
information.

I. Band Combination-False Color Composite(FCC)

II. Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)

3. Spatial Enhancement

Convolution Filtration- Moving window filtration method

i. In EI viewer open Image Liss-out.img.

ii. Click on Multispectral menu>Filtering, then new Convolve windows opens.

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iii. On left hand side of Convolve window click on Kernel

3*3 Edge Enhance

3*3 High Pass

3*3 Laplacian Edge Detection

Then preview the enhanced image get visualized on right side, also click on

Label Preview to get preview image label.

iv. Adjust the preview image size by using thumb button.

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2. Spectral Enhancement
I. Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Band Combination- Image enhancement of features using different band combinations.
1. Open Image liss_output.img into viewer, then click on Multispectral Menu>Band Choose Sensor
as IRS LISS III then below tab for combination False Color IR(FCC).
NOTE: In False Color IR (FCC) band combination vegetation and water body features get highlighted.
Red Color for NIR Band,
Green Color for Red Band
Blue color for Green Band for visualization of image in False Color IR(FCC).

II. Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)

2. To calculate NDVI value of a Multispectral image, click on Raster Menu>Unsupervised>NDVI

then new Indices Window box appears.
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3. On new Indices Window provide the Input File as Liss_output.img and output name
as ndvi.img then select sensor as SPOT XS/XI then select Function as NDVI, click Ok.
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4. Open the ndvi.img with Raster Options Display in Pseudo Color image into the viewer.

5. Click RMB on contents>ndvi.img.>Display Attribute Table at bottom attribute table get

displayed column as Value, Color and other column.

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Note: NDVI value comes between -1 to +1 and positive value above 0.1 representing vegetation
on the image.
6. Select the row which value comes above .1 its representation vegetation and click RMB on

color column and provide as Green color.

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Image Subsetting

Objective: To clip image layer by using Area of Interest (AOI) layer.

1. Remove all Layers on 2d view click on Quick Launch Remove all then
Open pan_Poly.img in a viewer then click on Drawing menu and select
Insert Geometry Rectangle button from displayed toolbar to create
rectangle AOI. So Area of Interest can be created by digitizing the
rectangle on the image.

2. To subset image click on ribbon menu RASTER toolbar to get respective

toolbar.
3. Click on subset & chip tool bar sub menu Create subset Image to
open subset dialog box.
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4. In Subset dialog box make sure input as pan_poly.img and output box
type pan_sub.img. Check to Ignore Zero in Output Stats and Select AOI
Button in the subset dialog box to provide subset coordinate information.

5. In choose AOI dialog box, select viewer radio button. Click OK in

choose AOI dialog box then OK in Subset dialog box.
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6. When process get over click on close button on process list and check the
subset layer by opening image in viewer by using quick launch open.

7. Save the AOI layer by RMB click on content aoi layer save layer as,
specify the layer name as study.aoi and click OK for future use.
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Resolution Merge

Objective: To Generate Pan Sharp Image by using MSS and Pan Geo-corrected
image.

1. As after removing all layer from ribbon quick launch Clear View open
Liss-output image in the viewer to subset up to same data extent by
using study.aoi layer.
2. Click on ribbon Raster menu to get respective toolbar.
3. Click on Geometry subset & chip toolbar create subset image sub tool
to open Subset dialog box.

4. Make sure input image is Liss-output and browse local directory to type
output name Liss-sub, Check to Ignore Zero in Output Stats.

5. Select AOI Button in the subset dialog box, At new choose AOI dialog
box, select AOI radio button to browse study.aoi file and Click OK in
choose AOI dialog box then OK in Subset dialog box.
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6. The Progress Bar appears, after 100% job status appears click Close button.

Resolution Merge

1. Click on ribbon menu Raster menu resolution pan sharpen tool

Resolution Merge to get resolution merge dialog box, browse to
provide input sharp image as Pan-sub and MSS image as Liss-sub and
browse to provide output name in local same directory Pansharp.

7. Select method as Principal Component radio button under Method, Cubic

Convolution radio button under Resampling Techniques, Ignore zero
in Stats check box under Output Options and type 3,2,1 in Select Layers
the click OK to proceed.
8. Progress Bar comes up, which shows the status of the job, click OK
after completion.
9. Open three 2d Views from Home menu window toolbar Add views
subtool bar create new 2d views.
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10.Open Pansharp image in first 2d viewer, in second pan_sub.img, and

liss_sub image in third individual viewer.

11.Set the scale to 12500 by selecting Home menu Extent toolbar in each
viewer.

12.To Geolink all three viewers, on Home menu window tool bar Link All
Views select Link All Views to link all viewers.

13.By visualizing all images, output Pansharp image have sharp color multi
spectral resolution.

Note: Pansharp image have both spectral information and spatial

information in merged data.
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Stitching of Images

Objective: Seamless stitching of three Different images.

In this exercise, different time period satellite LANDSAT MSS and TM overlapping
images get seamless Mosaic with each others.
The three input files to be mosaicked as: wasia1_mss.img, wasia2_mss.img, and
wasia3_tm.img.

1. Click on Raster menu to get respective toolbar.

2. Click on Geometry tool bar Mosaic sub tool Mosaic pro then new window
comes up as Mosaic pro.

3. In the Mosaic Pro Toolbar, click on the Add Images icon, then Add
Images for Mosaic dialog gets opens.

4. In the Add Images for Mosaicking under File tab, select Wasia1_mss.img, then
select “Image Area Options” tab and click Compute Active Area radio button
to enable it then click OK. The file wasia1_mss.img displays as image number 1 in
the canvas of the Mosaic Tool viewer.
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5. Repeat steps (2. and 3. adding wasia2_mss.img and wasia3_tm.img to the

canvas of the Mosaic Tool viewer.

6. When the entire three images get added, the Mosaic Pro should look like the
following:

Image List

7. On image list click on column visible to make images visible to visualize their
extent.

8. To Cutline Generation Options dialog box and select Geometry-based Cutline

Generation option then click OK to proceed. Images shown with new extent
after generation cutline.
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9. Click the “display color correction options dialog” icon in the Mosaic Tool
viewer.
10. Color Correction dialog gets appears.
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AS User Education

11. Select „Use Histogram matching‟ check box then Click OK in the „Color
Correction‟ to use function.

12. Click on ‟Set Overlap Function‟ icon

13. The Set Overlap Function dialog opens to smoothing and Feathering function
distance 10 to apply function at this distance.

14. In the Mosaic Tool Viewer, Select Process/Run Mosaic Output File
Name dialog opens.
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15. In the Run Mosaic dialog under File tab, input name as wasia_mosaic in the
local directory then press Enter key button. Click the Output Options tab,
enable the Stats Ignore Value: 0 checkbox, then click OK.

16. The job status dialog displays, showing the progress of the function, click
close when the job status dialog reads that the function is 100% complete.

17. Open the stitched image in view to visualize it.

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DEM Generation

Objective: Digital Elevation Model generation from Arc Info line contour file.

1. Open arcinfo line contour file in 2d view to visualize layer and know height
value in non-spatial attribute data column.
2. To know attribute data click on Tool ribbon menu view toolbar Show
Attributes.

3. Attribute editor (docable) will get opened, scroll column wise to find the Z
Value Height (meter) column. Select any vector polyline, so it also gets
highlighted in attribute row.
4. Click on Terrain ribbon menu terrain preparation toolbar surfacing tool
to open 3D surfacing dialog box.
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5. Select File/Read or Read New Data icon Input Data dialog box appears.
6. Use Point Data radio button, Under Source File Type select Line
Coverage. Under Source File Name select 54L16cont and Under Attribute for Z
select IGDS-ZVALUE as height value column, then click OK.
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ERDAS User Education

7. Click OK on progress bar, Values for X, Y and Z are populated in 3D Surfacing
dialog box.

8. Click Surface/Surfacing… or Click on Perform Surfacing

icon.

9. Surfacing dialog box will appear give Output file(*.img) name

dem.img use Surfacing Method is set to Linear Rubber
Sheeting method.

10. Input Cell Size X as 10 and Cell Size Y as 10, BackGround are set to zero by
default and enable Ignore Zero in Output Stats and Output Data Type is
set to Float Single.
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11. Click on OK button, progress bar will show the status of DEM
generation, after completion of process click OK.
12. To view the DEM, on same 2d View and Open Raster layer
dem.img.
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VirtualGIS

Objective: Visualization of Image dataset as in 3d View.

Imagine Virtual GIS is a 3D visualization tool. It allows rendering of large Data sets
with real time performance. Multiple layers of raster, annotation and vector data
can be viewed and queried within an environment.

Displaying Imagery

1. Open DEM file DEMmergefile_sub.img in 2d view.

2. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Home menu to get respective

toolbar.

3. Click on Window toolbar submenu AddViews to Create New 3D View.

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4. Drag 2dview DEMmergefile_sub.img file in to 3dview for 3d visualization of

digital elevation model image.

5. On 2d view open natural color XS_truecolor_sub.img file and then drag the
same image into 3dview for visualization.
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6. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Scene menu to get respective

toolbar.
7. Click on Scene toolbar submenu Scene Properties.
8. By using Scene Properties dialog box DEM tab increase the Exaggeration by
2 and Viewing Range also.
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9. Click on Scene Properties Background tab and change the Background

Type to Image and browse Image file Name SKY.img and click to apply to get
the changes in 3d view.

Navigating VirtualGIS

10. To render the image in 3dview, Virtual GIS has different modes of navigation
that can be used by using control keywords are as-

Control Keyword
Position - [P]
Target - [T]
Dashboard - [D]
Selection - [S] Bird
Eye - [B]
Terrain
Navigation on image dataset can control smoothly by using mouse button.

Position[P]- Allow to change pitch and azimuth.

Use LMB to change viewing direction and pan around a scene.
Use MMB to move towards or away from the position.

Target[T]- Allow to choose a target by double clicking on the terrain.

Use LMB to rotate around the target.
Use MMB to move towards or away from the target.
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Dashboard [B]- Provides an interface for navigating on scene. The position, pitch and azimuth are
controlled using buttons that control flight and viewing angle.

Selection[S]- Allows query and selection on the scene information.

BirdEye[B]- Allows the navigation like a Bird fly on the scene.

Terrain – Allows to move along the ground on the image datasets.

11. Click on Application Menu Save As, Project As then new dialog box Save
VirtualGIS Project appears. Enter the VGIS.vwp then click ok.
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Water Fill Analysis

13. To do Water fill analysis click on Application Menu New on create new window 3D View Water
Layer.

14. New dialog box appear Create Water Layer then enter the layer name as
water.fld and click OK and Water Menu get added on Erdas ribbon menu.
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ERDAS User Education

15. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Water menu to get
respective toolbar. Click on Fill Entire Scene and use Elevation Tool to
know the water elevation.
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16. To store water by editing DEM file, Use ribbon Home menu to add new 2d
view.

17. Open Demmerge_sub.img file in same 2d view by clicking Application

Menu Open Raster Layer.

18. Use ribbon Drawing menu Algorithm sub menu Polygon tool to create aoi
layer to demarcate boundary between two highly terrain(showing white color
for higher elevation in the image).

19. After creating aoi file on the DEM image, click on the DEM to get ribbon
Panchromatic menu for the image.

20. Click on ribbon Panchromatic menu Edit submenu Fill tool to get Area Fill
dialog box.
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21. Select the Aoi file from 2d view and in Area Fill dialog box use Function as
Constant and Fill With value 1300 then click Apply.

22. Click ok to clear off Attention dialog box and Close the Area Fill dialog box to
dismiss.

23. Save the layer edit permanently to change the DEM pixel values by clicking
Yes on Attention Dialog box.
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24. To get the change reflected in 3d view, Click on 2d view then Application
Menu open session to open vgis.ixs session file.

25. Click on Application Menu New on create new window 3D View

Water Layer.
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26. New dialog box appear Create Water Layer then enter the layer name as
water.fld and click OK and Water Menu get added on Erdas ribbon menu.

27. By using Contents on 3D View# 1 select Water.fld feature layer then on

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ribbon Water menu get highlight.

28. Click on ribbon Water menu and click on Water submenu nuddger then
Water Property dialog box appears.
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29. On Water Property Dialog box eight Neighborhood buttons then click on
Select Point at the back of elevated terrain then change Fill Elevation Height
to 1250, click Apply.
30. Water gets filled at the back of elevated DEM region.

31. To know the volume of water fill click on Water menu Water submenu Fill
Attributes tool.
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Overlay Vector Data

32. By using Application Menu open Vector Layer select street arc coverage file.
33. Again click Application Menu open Vector Layer then Select Layer To
Add street arc coverage file.
34. To extend vertically click on Vector option tab, pop list Extend Vertically
35. Next Polygon Height Attribute by using popup Height column from
vector attribute table.
36. Click ok to apply and dismiss the dialog box.
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Create Annotation Layer

37. Click on 2d view, use Application Menu New then 2dView Annotation
Layer.

38. Annotation layer dialog box opens, in a directory enter annot.ovr and press
OK button.
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39. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Drawing menu to get respective
toolbar. Click on A Annotation Tool to write annotation text.

40. Now place cursor on 2d view. The cursor becomes an I-beam, indicating to
Place text. Click on the 2d view image using I-beam cursor it provide place write the text.

41. Use keyboard to enter text string and click ok.

42. On 2d view and double click to change the property type as MAP instead of
Paper then apply and save the layer from contents. Also create another annotation text
On top of same 2d view.
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43. Drag the 2dview upper annotation layers onto 3d view layers and then
render map by using navigation control on 3d view.
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44. Click on Application Menu Save Project then new dialog box Save
VirtualGIS Project appears. Enter the VGIS.vwp then click ok.
Creation of Flight Path

45. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Scene menu to get respective
toolbar. Click on Navigation and use Flight Path Editor to open Flight
Path Editor dialog box.

46. Click on Flight path Editor Utility Menu Digitize Flight Path then select
2d view by LMB click then cursor turns into cross hair to start digitization of
flight path.
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47. Move the cross hair around the scene, clicking at points where the flight to
change direction. A line from point to point will be visible in the 2d view.
48. End the flight path digitization by double clicking LMB. The points of the
flight path display in Flight Path Editor.
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49. To set focal point, select the few top rows and click on Flight Path Editor
Edit menu set focal point then double click at the point where while on the
move to visualize the area.
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50. Again redo the above steps to set focal point for another half of the path
then apply the changes by clicking on apply icon. (By using red button
in tool menu)

51. Now click the Play icon in the Flight Path Editor toolbar. It will begin to
fly along the path in VirtualGIS 3d View.

52. Click the Stop icon in the Flight Path Editor toolbar to halt flight.
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53. Dock the 3d view window to visualize in full view on the screen.

54. Select File Save as from Flight Path Editor menu bar then Save Flight Path dialog box appears.

55. Enter path name as flight path and the click ok to save.

RDAS User Education

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Change Detection

Objective: Identify and measure the changes between time series data sets.

1. Click on Raster ribbon menu change detection zonal change image

difference drape toolbar to open change detection dialog box.
2. Open two 2d view by clicking on ribbon Home menu window toolbar Add
views create new 2d view.
3. In one view open atl_spotp_87.img and in another view open
atl_spotp_92.img.

4. Input atl_spotp_87.img as Before Image and atl_spotp_92.img as

After Image.
5. Input spot_diff.img as the Image Difference File and spot_high.img
as the Highlight Change File.
6. In the Highlight Changes, see that As Percent radio button selected.
7. Change the Increases more than percent value to 20, and change
Decrease more than to 20. Click OK progress bar appears click OK
to complete the process.
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8. Add more 2d views, in all four Viewers, display atl_spotp_87.img,

atl_spotp_92.img, difference.img and highlight.img respectively.

9. In the viewer which has highlight.img shows only red and green color to
highlight the changes, and then close all the Views.
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Classification

Supervised classification

Objective: To classify image using supervised technique and determine land use.
1. Display liss_output.img in a viewer.

2. Go to Erdas Imagine Raster Tab, Supervised and select Signature editor.

3. Signature Editor dialog box get opens.
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4. Goto Drawing tab and select Polygon drawing tool in Insert Geometry section.
5. Draw a training sample eg. Water, Forest etc.

6. Go to Signature Editor and click Create signature from AOI.

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7. Water body signature is added as Class1.

8. LMB in box under Color column and select the blue color.
9. LMB in box under Class Names and type Water.
10. Same way select some more training sample for Forest, Urban area and Fallow Land.
11. After taking desired Classes your signature editor should look like this.

12. Save the signature file File- Save and save it by liss_4class.sig.
13. In the Signature Editor, select Waterbody by clicking in the > column for that signature. The
alarm is performed with this signature.
14. In the Signature Editor Menu bar, select View -> Image Alarm the Signature Alarm dialog opens.
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The alarmed pixels display in the Viewer in blue color. You can use the toggle function (SWIPE) in the
Viewer

to see how the pixels are classified by the alarm.

15. If required take more training sample and add in signature editor.
16. In Signature Editor click Classify-Supervised.
17. In Supervised Classification dialog, Specify the output file Name as liss_supervised.img and
Non-parametric Rule: as Parallelepiped.
18. Click OK.
19. Change the Overlap and Unclassified rule and see the results in classified images.

UnSupervised classification
Objective: To classify image and determine land cover using unsupervised clustering.

1. Display liss_sub.img image in a 2d view, click on Raster ribbon menu

classification toolbar unsupervised classification.
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2. Select liss_sub.img under Input Raster File. Give output layer name
unsup.img under Output File.

3. Type 8 in Number of Classes, Input 12 in Maximum Iterations and

0.950 in Convergence Threshold, then click OK. Progress Bar comes
up. Once it gets completed then clicks close.
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4. Display liss_class.img in a new View, by adding 2d view from home

ribbon menu window add views tool bar.
5. Select Raster/Attributes in the viewer menu bar.
6. Raster Attributes Editor which shows specified number of class and other
attribute.
Classes created as:
Unclassified
Class1
Class2
Class3
Class4
Class5
Class6
Class7
Class8

Colors as: Gray levels

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7. LMB in box under Color column and select the blue color.
8. LMB in box under Class Names and type Water.
9. Proceed for other classes to provide class name.
10. To add AREA column, click on Table ribbon menu column Add Area and Add
Area Column dialog box opens.
Note: 1. To get Area column image not need to be in Geographic Lat/Long projection.
2.To get Thematic Legend for classes, click on File>Preferences>Table of Content check
show thematic legends.
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11. Select Hectares in Units and type Area in Name field then click OK. Area
Column gets added in Attribute Editor.
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Vectorization

Objective: Creating of GIS vector layers, editing and query making on it.

1. Open Erdas Imagine view and Open Raster Layer topo_poly.img to

create new vector layer click on application menu new 2d view vector layer.

2. Create a new vector layer dialog box get appears.

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3. Select Shape file(*.shp) in File of type, Type Roads in File name and
Click OK. New Shape file Type Option dialog box get opens.

4. Select Arc Shape under Select Shapefile Layer Option then click OK.
5. Vector roads.shp layer is created on image and to use vector tool for
Vectorization click on ribbon drawing menu toolbar insert geometry polyline.

Adding Attributes to Existing Table

1. Click on Erdas Imagine Table menu toolbar query column properties. New column attributes dialog
box appears new button is used to create new column.
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ERDAS User Education2.. Type the value in same column and save layer then remove layer.

Editing the Existing Vector Layer

1. Open a 2d View, Open pan_poly.img then open road shape vector layer
on it.
2. To make layer editable, click on drawing menu modify toolbar Enable
Editing.
3. By using Drawing Menu insert geometry tool creation and editing of
features can be done.
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Creating Attribute based Symbology

Every feature is identified in the vector layer by the attributes assigned to

it.Ex: in the roads.shp file, some roads name are given Road_NM as nh1,
some roads are given nh2 and other roads are given as nh3( arbitrarly name
given)
By default every feature has been given default color and thickness, to use
different color and symbology of road by using their attribute column
Road_NM
value.

1. Open a new 2d view, Open road.shp Vector layer.

2. Click on Style menu Categorization Unique Value toolbar.
Unique Value dialog box get up.
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3. Select Column Road_NM in the Unique Value dialog box. Also check Generate New Styles.
Click OK to Continue.
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Style on Vector Data

1. Select vector Road shape layer thematic layer.
2. Click on Style Menu shape tool bar Line Style click on Line Pattern as Dotted Line.
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Vector Querying

To make vector query on attribute table click Table menu row toolbar criteria, then selection criteria
dialog box appears.
1. To select a particular feature by writing a query (ex: all roads which has Road_NM = nh3).
2. RMB on any cell under Record column and select Criteria. The Selection
Criteria window dialog box appears.

User Education

3. LMB in text box under Criteria LMB on Road-NM Columns list, select „==‟
from Compares list and type nh3
4. The expressions as $"Road-NM" == nh3, click on Select button and click
Close.
5. All records with Road-NM==nh3, which are available as in column attribute get
highlighted in the attribute editor and the corresponding features are also
get selected in the viewer.
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Buffer Shape file creation

1. Click on Vector menu>Buffer Analysis, New Buffer Analysis dialog box comes up.
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2. Provide input shape file link and output file name, on Buffer Distance input constant
value as 10 meter then click ok Button.

3. Open out file into view to check buffer shape file.

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Map Composition

Objective: Creating map composition layout for printing.

Before adding Map Composition view Open the set of files which is to be
composed in the view.

1. On Erdas Imagine software ribbon click on Home menu click on Add

view toolbar to add map view.
2. Open classified image unsup.img in to 2d view.
3. Click on Layout menu to select A4 size template from toolbar.

4. To adding the image on Map View, click on 2d view and drag into map
view frame, so the map comes on to the frame.
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Create Grid

4. To create grid on to map frame click on Layout menu Insert Map

Element Map grid tool bar.
5. Click on the image inside the map frame on which coordinate grid need to
place.
Set Grid/Tick Info dialog opens.

6. Click on Set Destination Projection to open Projection chooser dialog

opens.
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7. Choose the following coordinate parameters-

Projection Type Geographic Lat/Lon

Spheroid Name Everest 1956
Datum Name Indian (India,
Nepal)

Click OK.

8. In the Set Grid/Tick Info dialog select the „Deg Min Sec‟ option under
Map Units.
9. Specify the 5 minutes under Spacing.

10. Enable Use Full Grid. Click on Copy to Vertical, this option will apply the
same settings to the vertical axis
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Click Apply and then click Close.

Create Legend

11.Click on Layout Menu insert Map element Legend tool bar, then
legend instruction come up to select map frame by using LMB.
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13.New dialog box for Legend Properties open up and provide name input then click
ok.

14.In Map View legend comes up with legend information.

ERDAS
 91
Add a Map Title

15. Click on drawing menu insert geometry add text element.

16. Move cursor to the top of map in the Map Composer viewer. The cursor
becomes an I-beam, indicating like below cursor.

17.Use I-beam pointer to Enter Text String, Type Landuse/Land Cover double
click to finish the text.
18.The text string is now displayed in the map composition.

Change Text Style

21.Click on the text string in the Map View to select it.

22.From the Drawing menu Styles tool bar click on nudger to get Text Style
Chooser, select style, Size and its Unit then click ok on selected style.
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Location Map: Is used to get location of map where it is located in country.

23. Click on Layout Menu toolbar Location Map, and then click on map layout where
it needs to be placed.
24. Click LMB to selected map to get location map also.
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Print the Map Composition

25.ERDAS IMAGINE supports many output devices, including electrostatic plotters,

continuous tone color printers, and PostScript devices. These steps illustrate how to
print to a Plotter.

26. Click o n t h e F i l e menu f r o m t h e E R D A S I M A G I N E interface. Select Print

then it opens save map view composition comes up.
Save the map view composition to save layout.

27. Click on the Print Destination popup list to select the printer.
28.Click on Change printer configuration to change the properties.
29. Printer properties dialog box appears.
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29. Select <<Edit Paper List>> from Size popup list.

30. Now in Paper Size dialog box, type 24 in width and 26 in height.(for map
composition set property as 22 and 24 while creating file, so give input two
inches more than existing map composition size).
31. Click OK in Paper Size dialog box then it get back to Printer
Properties dialog box.
32. Paper size is set to 24X26 inches. Select Roll radio button.
33. Under Quality option select Normal (final).
34. Under Optimize option select for Images.
35. See that Orientation is set to Portrait.
36. Click OK in Printer properties, then come back to Print Map
Composition dialog box.
37. Now select Page Setup tab. See that Number of Panels are set to 1.

38. The Number of panels set to 1 means that the total map composition will
be coming under single page.

39. Now Click OK in Printer Properties. These will directly sends the map
composition to the printer.
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ERDAS Imagine Spatial Modeler

The Spatial modeler interface is now completely integrated into the IMAGINE Workspace as a new type of
Application, which presents you with a blank sheet of paper, and set of tools for building a model, which
integrates Geomedia Grid and other new Vector and Raster operators in to it. The model is built by
dragging and dropping operators in the page, and then connecting their inputs and outputs to build a
running model. The results of the model can be directly viewed in real time in the preview window or can
be run in a file to file mode.

Note: Geomedia installation as prerequisite for running bellow Spatial Operators.

To invoke Spatial Modeler click on Toolbox Menu> Spatial Model Editor, then Spatial Modeler Menu
comes up.

Excersice1. To read vector data,uses of Attribute filter operator to filter the data then creation of buffer
proximity layer on filtered data.

Operators and Data used

Sno Data Used Operators

1 Cities.shp Vector Input

2 Output of Vector operator output Attribute Filter

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3 Attribute filter output Buffer

4 Output of buffer operator Preview

Types on Operator search ‘vector’ its show Vector Input and Drag on to Spatial Editor. Click on Vector
input>Filename at Spatial editor, then select Cities.shp file from training folder.

1. Type on Operator search ‘filter’ its show filter and select Attribute Filter and drag on to Spatial
Editor. Drag Vector Input >Feature output to Attribute Filter>Feature In, then click on Attribute
Filter> Attribute Query, new query builder window comes up, select cities features attribute
BLKPOP>5000 in query builder and click + add button then OK.
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2. Add new Buffer operator, then attach output of attribute filter to buffer operator input. Then click on
Distance, Distance properties comes up constant value 30KM.

3.As by using operator add Preview which connects with buffer output.Then from Spatial Modeler menu
toolbar click on Run button to get output. To Check out result click on tool bar>preview button to
preview the output result in to another viewer.

4.Click Erdas Imagine File Menu to save spatial model as Excersice1.gmdx.

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Excersice2. To read multiple vector features and Spatial Query on features to take output as
shape file.

Operators and Data Used

Sno Data Used Operators

1 Counties.shp Vector Input

2. Rivers.shp Vector Input

2 Output of Vector operators output Spatial Query-Touch

3 Output of Spatial Query Shape File output

1. Open Spatial Modeler from Erdas Imagine Tool box Menu.

2. Types on Right side Operator search ‘vector’ its show Vector Input and Drag on to Spatial
Editor. Click on Vector input> browse to select vector file in Spatial editor, then select
Counties.shp file from training folder and add one more vector operator and provide input of
River.shp file.

3.On right side add Spatial Query operator; attach both vectors output to spatial Query operator
input to touch each other.
4.Add new operator Shape File Output and attach Spatial Query output shape file and provide the
output name.
5.From Spatial Modeler Toolbar and click on Run to get the output. Check the output in Imagine
viewer.
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6.Click Erdas Imagine File Menu to save spatial model as Excersice2.gmdx.

Exercise 3. Use of Spatial Query, Attribute filtering and Buffer step wise. It is useful to
integrate different models with various queries and easy to analysis the output data sub
model wise.

Dependencies on Exercise 1 and Exercise 2.

1. Drag Right mouse to select all operators, then Spatial Modeler>Create Sub Model tool bar
button get activated click on to do so. Save this model as Excercise3 and close it.
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2.Open Excercise1 gmdx model file and select model using right mouse button use CTRL+C button to copy
model.

3.Open again Exercise 3 and CTRL+V to paste copied model of Excersice1 and click on Create sub model
to make Sub model2.
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4.Rename Submodel1 as ‘Spatial Query Counties and River’ and Submodel2 as ‘Black Population Filter
and Buffer’ then using operate search add Spatial Query Touch between both the data.
5.Add operator Preview to the output of spatial query. From Tool bar click on Run button to get output
then to check result as in preview mode click on Preview Button it automatically opens data into another
viewer.
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Exercise 4. To do Least Cost Path Analysis for a region of interest.

Creates an output raster in which the pixel values indicate the least cost paths between the points
specified by OriginPointsRasterIn and DestinationPointsRasterIn. Its calculate by using DEM data and
Cost class data.
Operators and Data Used

Sno Data Used Operators Used

1 Origin Point Raster/Vector Least Cost Path

2 Destination Point Preview

Raster/Vector

3 DEM Data Raster Raster Input No-3

4 Cost Class Value Data Raster Vector Input as Raster

(optional)

Data Used: DEM.img, Dem4Class.img, Originpoint.img, Destination.shp

1.In spatial Modeller add least cost operators, three raster input operators and add dem4class,
dem and destination raster input to all three raster inputs.
2.As while clicking on Raster input operators File Name then browses for image file, then click on
Data Type select option as Native, same way proceed for all three raster operators.
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3.Add operator Vector as Rater then provide input by clicking on File Name browse to provide
Origin.shp file, Feature Type: Point, Cell Width/Cell Height:100 and connect its output to Least
cost operator Orign Point Rater Input.
4.All input to least cost operators are described in table format.

sno Input operators Least Cost Path Operator Remarks

I/p

1 Vector Input as Raster OriginPointsRasterIn

output

2 Destination Point Raster DestinationPointsRasterIn

Output

3 Value=2307000 Maximum Costs Value=Sqrt(SQR(Row)+

SQR(Column)) of image
used.

4 Dem4class raster Costs Raster In

operator output

5 Scalar Value =1/2 Constant Cost

6 Le.img OutputFileName Output file name

7 4/8 bit Output Pixel Type Output as 4/8 bit image

5.Add Preview Operator and connect with Least Cost Path output.
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6.(Optional Step ) Select Vector input as Raster Operator and click on Spatial Modeler Tool Create
Sub Model.

7.To run this model click on Spatial Modeler Tool to Run this model to output and then click Preview the
result.