Nama : Idaniarmawati Laia

Kelas : Solider

A. Conjunction
Conjunction are words used as joiners. Different kinds of conjunction join
different kinds of grammatical structures. The following are the kinds of conjunctions:
a. Coordinating conjunction (fanboys)
Coordinating conjunction allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of
equal grammatical rank in a sentence. The most common coordinating
conjunctions are For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so; you can remember them by using
the mnemonic device fanboys.

1. Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another.

Words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses
Examples:
word to word : Most children like cookies and milk
Phrase to phrase : The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside
Clause to clause : What you say and what you do are two different
things.

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunction

do.
Examples:
Marge was late for work, and she received ad cut in pay (very loose)
Marge was late for work, so she received a cut in pay (loose)
Because Marge was late for work, she eceived a cut in pay. (The subordinate
conjunction because creates a tighter link between the two ideas).

Coordinating conjunction go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

Examples:
Correct: I like coffe, but I don’t like tea.
Incorrect: But I don’t like tea, I like coffee.
2. Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions:
When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or
subordinate clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.
Exsample:
Words : cookies and milk
Phrases : at the beach or by the lakeside
Subordinate clauses: what you say and what you do.
A coordinating conjunction joining there or more words, phrases,or
subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the
elements.
Exsample:
Words : peanust, cookies, and milk.
Phrases : in the mountains, at the beach, or by the lakeside
Subordinate clauses: what you think, what you say, and what you do
A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a
compound sentence and requiresa comma before the coordinating conjunction
Exsample:
Tom ate all peanuts, so phil ate the cookies
I don’t care for the baech, but enjoy a good vacation in the mountains.

3. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction are pairs of conjunction that work together.
Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.

These pairs of conjunction require equal (paralle) structures after each one.
Faulty: clara not only wants money but also fame
Correct: Clara wants not only money but also fame
Correct: Clara not only wants money but also wants fame

4. Conjunctive Adverbs
These conjunction join independent clauses together.
The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:
After all in addition next
Also incidentally nonetheless
As a result indeed on the contrary
Besides in fact on the other hand
Consequently in other words otherwise
Finally instead still
For example likewise then
Furthermore moreover therefore
Hence meanwhile thus
However nevertheless

Exsample:
The tire was flat; therefore, we called a service station.
It was a hot day; nevertheless, the roofers worked on the project all day.
Punctuation: place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after
the conjunctive adverb.

5. Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction join independent and dependent clauses. A
subordinating conjunction can signal a cause-and-effect relationship, a contrast, or
some other kind of relationship between the clauses. These words are commonly
used as subordinating conjunctions.
After if unless
Although inasmuch as until
As far as in case (that) when
As soon as in order (that) whenever
As if insofar as where
As though in that wherever
Because lest whether
Before no matter how while
Even if now that why
Even though once
How provide (that)

Correct: I can stay until the clock strikes twelve.

 Here, the adverb until functions as a.
B. NOMINALS
1. What is a nominals?
As a grammatical category, nominals describes words or groups of
words that function together as a noun. The words in a nominal grouping give
more detail about the noun (the headword), making it specific. Nominals phrases
and clauses can include other parts of speech such as articles, prepositions, and
adjectives.
“For example, in the noun phrases a nice cup of tea, it makes sense to say that
nice is a modifier of a cup of tea, rather than just the head noun cup,” says author
Geoffery Leech in “A Glossary of Grammar.” In this phase, “nice cup of tea” is a
nominal; it provides more description than simply saying “cup”. Using a nominal
gives the reader a more complete sense about what the writer is trying to convey.

2. Nominal Phrases
When constructing a nominal phrases, the headword for the phrases is
a noun or pronoun, though it may not always be at the fornt of the phrases, as you
would think from just looking at the term. Headwords can have articles,
pronouns, adjective, or even other phrases before them, and they may be
followed by prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, and more.
Author G. David Morley gives these examples of nominal phrases. The
headwords are in italics.
 This Rusian Course
 My most enjoyable climb
 Her sister’s new bicycle
 All of our recent holidays
 A voice from the past
 The song that Jill sang
 The secretary general.

In all of these examples, the nominal gives more context the not just a
course; it’s this Rusian course. It’s more than just a climb; it was my most
enjoyable climb. And, it’s much more than just a bicycle; it’s her sister’s new
bicycle.
 To illustrate how nominals can function in a sentence just like nouns, here
are ways to use “the attorney general” as a nominal phrases in different parts of
the sentence:

 The attorney general is running for reelection. (it’s the subject)

 We took our concerns to the attorney general. (it’s the indirect object)
 A bulletproof limo took the attorney general to the conference. (it’s the direct
object)
 The staff members went to attorney general. (it’s the objectof a preposition).
3. Nominals clauses

Nominal clauses contain a verb and often begin with words such as what (or
other wh-words) or that. These are called that-clauses and wh-clauses or relative
clauses. Consider, for example, the sentence “He can go wherever he wants.” The
clause starts with a wh-word, contains a verb, and functions, take whole, as a
noun. You can tell it functions as aa noun because you could replace it with a
noun or a pronoun. For example, you could say, “He can go to Paris,” or “He can
go there.” Because clauses wh-clause doesn’t have a headword, it’s called a free
(nominal) relative clause.

Nominal clauses are dependent clauses. They cannot stand alone as a sentence but
do contain a verb.

 I believe that grammar is easier than it seems. (the noun clause acts as an
object, as in “I believe it”.)
 What I had for lunch was delicious. (The noun clauses acts as a subject as
in “The soup was delicious.”)
 Beth is whom I was referring to. (The clauses acts in this sentence as a
predicate nominative. First, it’s a wh-clause because it has subject and a
verb. Next, it follows a linking verb. Third, it fills in information about the
subject, as in “Beth is she” or” she is beth.”)
C. INTERJECTION

An interjection is a word or phrase that is grammatically independent from he

words around it, and mainly expresses feeling rather than meaning.

Oh, what a beautiful house!

Uh-oh, this looks bad!

Well. It’s time to say good night.

Actually, um, it’s not my dog.

Shoot. I thought I’d fixed that.

I can’t believe I lost the key! Ugh!

Interjections are common in speech and are much more common in electronic massages
than in other types of writing.

1. Examples Of Interjection In a Sentence

Interjection such as “oh,” “alas,” and “wow”
a chorus of angry interjections greeted the announcement that our flight would be
delayed.