A Case Study on Establishing a Social Business Enterprise

in Barangay Cogon Pardo, Cebu City: Implications on

the Sustainability and Management of the Business

​___________________________________________________

A Marketing Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject

Business Enterprise

Cebu (South)

___________________________________________________

By

Uy, Jason
Go, Williemae Joyce L.
Magbutay, Daenna Ashley G.
Militante, Frances Marie B.
Tabanao, Sophia Sue T.
Tan, Arabella Louise C.

November 9, 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1: DEFINING THE PROBLEM
1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………...…………...3
1.2 Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………...……..……4
CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
2.1 Research Method ……………………………………………………………………...…..........5
2.2 Research Environment …………………………………………………………………..…..…..5
2.3 Research Participant……………………………………………………………………..….........5
CHAPTER 3: FORMULATING A RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1 Research Procedure …………………………………………………………………..…........,...6
3.2 Research Instrument ………………………………………………………………..…...............6
3.3 Research Treatment of Data …………………………………………………………….............6
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Interview ……………………………………………………………………………………....8
Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………....18
CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Findings ……………....………………………………………….………...……….................25
5.2 Conclusion ……………………………………………………….…………………………....25
5.3 Recommendations ……………....…………………………….………………….....................25
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CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM DEFINITION

Introduction
Entertainment, basic necessities, transportation - these are aspects of life that would be affected
because of poverty. Poverty is the condition where people's basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are
not being met. Generally, there are two types of poverty: first is absolute poverty, which is synonymous
with destitution and occurs when people cannot obtain adequate resources (measured in terms of calories
or nutrition) to support a minimum level of physical health. Absolute poverty means about the same
everywhere, and can be eradicated as demonstrated by some countries. Second is relative poverty, which
occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as determined by the
government (and enjoyed by the bulk of the population) that vary from country to country, sometimes
within the same country (UNESCO, 2017).
In the Philippines, relative poverty is determined by the poverty line set by the Philippine
Statistics Authority [PSA], using the income and sectoral data from the merged Family Income and
Expenditure Survey (FIES) and Labor Force Survey (LFS) (Bersales, 2017). In another article by the
PSA, the survey results showed that the average annual family income of Filipino families was
approximately 267 thousand pesos. In comparison, the average annual family expenditure for the same
year was 215 thousand pesos. Hence, Filipino families have savings of 52 thousand pesos in a year, on
average (Berales, 2016).
Furthermore, the families were grouped and ranked into per capita income deciles. The highest
ten percent or highest decile represented the richest families, while the lowest ten percent or lowest decile
represented the poorest families. Survey results also showed that the lowest average for annual family
income was 76 thousand pesos. In Central Visayas, the average annual income was 239 thousand pesos.
These data are used as indicators for poverty.
In relation to the research, one of the goals of the study is alleviating poverty for the Barangay
Cogon Pardo, Cebu City community through the establishment of a business enterprise. A business
enterprise any endeavor where the primary motive is profit and not mere employment for oneself and
others. The profit earned could be used by the shareholders of the business enterprise to their discretion.
Moreover, the purpose of this study is to distinguish the practicality of constructing an enterprise in
Barangay Cogon Pardo, with the goal of putting up a sustainable business in the area that will be able to
meet the basic needs of the people and also acquire information on the beneficiaries of the business.
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Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the practicality of constructing an enterprise in
Barangay Cogon Pardo, with the goal of putting up a sustainable business in the area that will be able to
meet the basic needs of the people and also acquire information on the beneficiaries of the business. The
succeeding questions serve as a guide for running this study:

1. Who is the target market of the business?

2. Where will the business be established?
3. What business is suitable for the beneficiaries?
4. What are the demographics of the beneficiaries?
5. How is the business sustainable for the beneficiaries?

These questions will be used in order to obtain data for the making of this study and to provide
answers that will help the researchers achieve the aim of the research.
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CHAPTER 2
DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM

Research Method
This study will be utilizing the qualitative approach in analyzing the data that will be gathered.
Qualitative research uses methods such as participants observation and in-depth interviews which result in
a narrative and descriptive account of a setting or practice. In addition, it allows greater spontaneity and
adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant (Parkinson & Drislane,
2011). Moreover, the data that will be gathered by the researchers will be able to reveal the living
conditions and source of livelihood of the beneficiaries of the study. In addition, the data that will be
acquired by the researchers were relevant in solving the market problem. Lastly, the researchers plan to
conduct an interview among two (2) participant groups, WOMEN'S, the beneficiaries of the study, and
the customers.

Research Environment
The study will be conducted in Barangay Cogon Pardo Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. Barangay
Cogon Pardo is more of a residential area than a commercial area. The interview will be done in Cogon
Pardo Barangay Hall.

Research Participants
The researchers will interview six (6) WOMEN'S Organization Members and twelve (12)
community residents, making a total of eighteen (18) respondents for this marketing research. This is
designed as such so that the researchers can acquire information from both perspectives of the beneficiary
and the community residents as well.

WOMEN'S Organization
WOMEN'S Organization is the primary participants of this study who will be able to benefit from
this marketing research as it promotes livelihood sustainability. Through interviewing the WOMEN'S
Organization, the researchers may be able to gain more information on their source of livelihood, how it
affects their current living situation, and how long they have been running their individual businesses in
Cogon Pardo. The WOMEN'S Organization will also be able to be recognized on their goal on livelihood
for women. That women are also capable of running a business and that they should not only be
housewives. This will also include the issues that they face both on their income and in the business, and
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how they are able to deal with it. With this, the researchers may be able to identify what strategies and
products should be applied to their business in order to establish a sustainable source of livelihood.

The Community Residents

The researchers will also interview twelve (12) randomly selected community residents, who are
also everyday customers in the Sari-Sari Stores in the community of Cogon Pardo. Out of twelve (12)
community residents, six (6) shall be male, and six (6) shall be female. The researchers expect to collect
data from these respondents, specifically about their everyday living and their needs that are essential in
the community. With this, the researchers may obtain a concept and a plan for the improvement of the
community’s services and products.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN FORMULATION

Research Procedure
This study evaluates the current issue of poverty in Barangay Cogon Pardo that will enable
findings to aid the lower class market to develop a sustainable source of livelihood. Initially, the
researchers shall produce a letter addressed to both WOMEN'S organization and the Barangay office,
asking for their consent to interview their members and residents as participants of the research. Then, the
collection of qualitative data shall commence as the researchers will begin interviewing their participants
with the use of two (2) structured interview guides. An overall number of eighteen (18) participants are to
be interviewed, composed of six (6) members of WOMEN'S Organization, six (6) female community
residents, and six (6) male community residents. These shall be later collated and transcribed.
Moreover, the data gathered will then be analyzed using their common themes. Based on the
analysis, the researchers shall develop findings to learn how to establish a sustainable business for women
in the WOMEN'S Organization and what factors are effective in generating sales and attracting customers
as a whole.

Research Instrument
The researchers will utilize a researcher-made interview questionnaire for interviewing the
members of the WOMEN'S Organization. The researcher-made interview guide was used to assist the
researchers in gathering information regarding the status and way of living of the said group. It will be
composed of open-ended questions that will allow the members of WOMEN'S Organization to freely
express their ideas and answers. The questions will focus on the current living conditions and the sources
of livelihood of the members. In addition, the researchers will be recording the answers of the respondents
and will be transcribing the information gathered. Lastly, the researchers will translate the answers that
will be answered in Cebuano to English. The transcriptions were later analyzed carefully and were
divided into common themes.
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents information gathered through the process of interviews executed by the
researchers in Barangay Cogon Pardo and its nearby areas on October 11, 2018 and its corresponding
analysis and interpretation. Voice recorders were used for the focus group interview with the WOMEN'S
organization and the community residents.

INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTIONS

PARTICIPANT GROUP A: MEMBERS OF WOMEN'S

Interview: WOMEN'S Organization Member A, B, C, D, E, F

Venue of Interview: Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 3:04 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 32 minutes

Interviewer: ​Maayong adlaw. Mga estudyante mi sa Sacred Heart School-Hijas de Jesus ug naa mi
karon kay mag-interview mi para sa business project namo at naa mi’y mga pangutana para sa inyo.
So, mangutana mi kung unsay mga edad sa mga WOMEN'S members?

(Good day! We are students of Sacred Heart School- Hijas de Jesus and we are here today to
conduct an interview for our business enterprise project and we have some questions for all of you.
First, we would want to ask on the ages of the members of the WOMEN'S Organization.)

WOMEN'S Member A: “18-60 years old.”

WOMEN'S Member B: ​“No. 18-59 years old. Ang 60 years old ay senior na. Pwede ra gihapon mu apil
pero lahi napud ilang mga activities.”

(No. 18-59 years old. 60 years old means that they are senior citizens. They can still be part of the
organization but they will have another set of activities.)

Interviewer: ​Pila man inyong mga edad? (​ How old are you?)

WOMEN'S Member A:​ Sa kaming unum, naa sa range sa 45-55 ang amung mga edad. 54 ko.

(From the six of us here today, our ages are within the range of 45-55 years old. I’m 54 years old.)
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WOMEN'S Member B: 47 ​ko (​I am 47 years old.)

WOMEN'S Member C: 50​ ​(I am 50 years old.)

WOMEN'S Member D: 55​ (​I am 55 years old.)

WOMEN'S Member E: 45 ​ko (​I am 45 years old.)

WOMEN'S Member F: 51 ​ko (​ I am 51 years old.)

Interviewer: Unsay structure sa WOMEN'S? Unsa na klase ni na organization?

(What's the structure of WOMEN'S? What kind of organization is it?)

WOMEN'S Member A: National ni siya na organization. Ang presidente ani ay taga Cebu that’s why
active siya na organization. Whole Philippines ni na organization. Aktibo ni siya kay taga-Cebu ang
Presidente, si Maam Socorro. Naay mga livelihood niini, mga bigasan na gihatag ni Bebot Abellanosa.
Gipalambo jud namo ang gihatag ni Congressman Bebot Abellanosa for six years. From P23,000 to
P115,000, utang bayad utang bayad. Maayo pa ang padagan sa 4 years pero naabot man jud ang
panahon na nanglisod kay ang mga taw na naa pay utang, dili na muduol kay naa pa silay utang ug dili
na sila mubayad sa ilang mga utang. Mao to nag distribute kos kwarta sa mga sitios sa barangay. Murag
mga lima ka sitios among gitabangan pero after 6 months to 1 years, nawala ra man sad ang mga
bigasan. Ang mga members ani na organization ay naay advocacy kanang mga violence against women
na mga cases. Naa mi’y mga seminars para sa mga kababay-an para tudluon sila na dili lang sila
basta-basta pwedeng ma-ig.an sa ilang mga asawa.

(WOMEN'S is a national organization. The reason why the organization is active is in Cebu is because the
president of the whole organization resides in Cebu. There are livelihood projects such as the small rice
businesses sponsored by Congressman Bebot Abellanosa. We took care of the business for 6 years and it
was stable for about 4 years. It would reach around P23,000 to P115,000 with the payment-debt
procedure. However there came a point where a lot of people started not paying their debts and wouldn’t
come anymore. That is why I distributed the extra money to the different sitios of the barangay. We
helped around 5 sitios but after around 6 months to 1 year, all the small rice businesses closed down.
Also, the members of this organization has an advocacy of spreading awareness of violence against
women. We would conduct seminars for mothers and wives to teach them that they are not objects that
their husbands could just hurt and play around with.)

Interviewer: Muhimo man gud ming business ug among napili na beneficiary ay ang WOMEN'S.
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(It’s because we plan to make a business here and we plan to choose WOMEN'S as our business’
beneficiary.)

WOMEN'S Member F: Wows. Dako kaayo ning tabang. Salamat kaayo.

(Wow. This would be such a big help. Thank you so much.)

Interviewer: ​Unsa’y mga kinahanglang sa inyong balay?

(What are your basic necessities at home?)

WOMEN'S Member B: ​Ang kinahanglang namo sa balay kay mantika para luto kay kung walay mantika
dili mi maka luto ug magkaon.

(The basic necessity we need at home is cooking oil because we need to for cooking food.)

WOMEN'S Member C: ​Kailangan mi ug bugas, nya utan, patis, ug suka.

(We need Rice, vegetables, soy sauce and vinegar)

WOMEN'S Member A: ​Kuan kanang gamit namo sa balay jud kay bugas unya utan para sudan namo.

(At home we need rice and also vegetables for our viand.)

WOMEN'S Member F: ​Tinuod, pagkaon jud amo kinahanglang sa balay

(I agree with all. Food is really the most needed in our homes.)

WOMEN'S Member E: Bitaw ako sad.

(True, Me too.)

WOMEN'S Member D: ​Mao gyud bugas jud kailangan

(I agree with rice.)

Interviewer: ​Unsa inyong panginabuhian? (​ What is your main source of income?)

WOMEN'S Member D: ​Ang akong bana kay naay trabaho unta ako kay nag tabang tabang sa pamilya sa
pag abli ug gamay na tindahan.

(My husband has his own job and I help the family by having a small business.)

WOMEN'S Member A: ​Naa rasad koy akong negosyo.

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I also have my own business.

WOMEN'S Member C: ​Naa koy trabaho ug negosyo sad

(My family does their jobs and I have a business too.)

WOMEN'S Member E: ​Ako sad.

(Me too.)

WOMEN'S Member F: ​Ako sad.

(Me too.)

WOMEN'S Member B: ​Wala koy trabaho pero naa koy negosyo.

(I don’t have any work but I have my own business.)

Interviewer: Besides sa WOMEN'S, unsa mahn inyong mga trabaho o negosyo?

(Besides WOMEN'S, what are your jobs or businesses?)

WOMEN'S Member B: Ako kay nag-negosyo ra ko ug barbecue.

(I have a barbecue business.)

WOMEN'S Member D: ​Ah akoa kay ​Sari-Sari store ​ra jud, gamay raman ug ginansya
(Oh mine is just a Sari-Sari store, it only gives me a small profit)

WOMEN'S Member C: ​Ang akoa kay kana bitawng piso-piso na tubig. Kanang machine ra gud na
gamay nya butangon lang ang tubig sa plastic.
(Mine are those water businesses that costs one peso. Just a small machine and then you just put the water
inside the plastic.)

WOMEN'S Member E: ​Nagbaligya ko ug Avon, ang kanang Avon kay katong mga beauty products bitaw
para sa mga babae
(I sell Avon, Avon are those beauty products for women.)

WOMEN'S F: ​Akoa kay mag baligya ug pagkaon para sa mga tao diri Cogon, karenderya gud

(I sell food for the people who live here in Cogon, basically an eatery )
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WOMEN'S A: ​Handicrafts ako

(Mine is handicrafts)

WOMEN'S Member A: Daghan pa sad mga WOMEN'S members na wala pay mga negosyo so dako jud
ning tabang ug nagpasalamat jud mi kay kami jud ang napili sa tanang pwede na mahimong mga
beneficiaries. Makatabang jud ni sa mga kababay-an.

(There are still a lot of WOMEN'S members with no businesses so this is really a big help and we thank
you for choosing us as your beneficiaries.)

Interviewer: Unsa inyong ma-suggest na business dinhi?

(What business can you suggest?)

WOMEN'S Member D: Ang nindot jud na business ay ang bugas kay pwede na lungagon ug lugawon kay
bisag NFA bugas pa na, dili man ma-kumpleto ang adlaw kung walay bugas. Kanang bugas, pangitaon
mahn gud jud na dinhi.

(A nice business would be that of rice shops because because you can cook it in different ways. Even if it
is NFA, the day will not be complete without rice. It is really a need.)

WOMEN'S Member F: Nindot sad na ang barbequehan kay lami siya ug uling ra ang kinahanglan para
maluto ang baboy.

(It’s also nice to have a barbeque stand because it’s yummy and you only need charcoal to cook the pork.)

WOMEN'S Member C: Ang karenderia nindot sad kay daghay tao mo adto, dapat kibaw ra ka mo luto
nya mao ra, baligya dayun.

(A karenderia is nice also because a lot of people will go, you only need to know how to cook and then
you sell it.)

WOMEN'S Member A: ​Bugas jud ang pinakanindot kay mukaon jud tanang tao nya mupalit ra sad sila
ug kinahanglan jud na sa kinabuhi.
(Rice is really a good one sell here because everyone eats it and buys it because it is an essential.)

WOMEN'S Member B: ​Bitaw sakto na, bugas jud.

(I agree, rice is good.)
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WOMEN'S Member E: ​O, kana! Bugas! Walay maka lupig anang bugas, makaon jud na siya
(Yeah! That one! Rice! No one can beat rice, it will always be eaten.)

Interviewer: Pila naman ang bugas ron?

(How much is rice now?)

WOMEN'S Member B: Nagkasaka naman gud ang bugas ron. Ang Ganador kungsa Mercado ta mupalit,
P55 per kilo na. Manglisod na ang mga taw kung P55 ang gastuon so mupalit nalang sila ug tag P32 na
NFA rice kay makadaginot jud sila especially kung dagko sila na pamilya.

(Prices of rice are increasing. Ganador rice is now at P55 per kilo and people have a hard time paying for
that. So they go for the P32 per kilo NFA rice because they are able to save for their big families.)

Interviewer: Sa business na handicrafts, stable ba na siya na business?

(Is the handicrafts business a stable business?)

WOMEN'S Member B: Stable ra mahn pero naa juy times na dili malikayan ang mga hardships so
ma-down jud ta. Maningkamot lang jud mi na makabalik mi. Naay mga panahon na kusog ug naay hinay
so kailangan jud mi mu-andam kung kaya namo.

(It’s stable but we can never avoid the challenges of a business. We just have to work hard to get back up.
There are times where business is good and there are times when it is not so we just have to be prepared.)

Interviewer: Unsay mga products sa handicrafts?

(What are the products for the handicrafts?)

WOMEN'S Member E: Mga accessories ug mga windchimes. I-export mahn ang mga produkto pero sila
jud ang tagahimo.

(Accessories and windchimes. They export them and they make the goods.)

Interviewer: Kung mutukod mi ug bugasan dinhi, asa mahn pwede itukod ni?

(If we make a rice stall, where can we put it?)

WOMEN'S Member B: Pwede dinhi sa Barangay Hall kay naay pwede mubantay sa mga gibaligya na
bugas.

(It could be here in the Barangay Hall because there could be people who would check on the business.)
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Interviewer: Unsa pa mahn ang basic needs sa Barangay na pwede mahimoan ug business?

(What are other basic needs in the Barangay that could be made into a business?)

WOMEN'S Member B: Pwede ra mahn gihapon kanang mga mantika ug mga karinderya kay kanang
mantika kinahanglan mahn jud na para sa pagluto. Ug sa karinderia, daghan nama’y mga pagkaon na
pwede ma palit kung naa sila.

(Cooking oil and eateries would be okay. Cooking oil is a staple whenever you need to cook and eateries
provide food for people who would just want to buy for consumption. )

Interviewer: Kanang mga trapo? Kailangan na?

(How about rags? Are they needed?)

WOMEN'S Member A: Pero mas kinahanglan jud ang bugas kay basic need mahn gud jud na. Mga
sari-sari store ug mga bugason ay importante kaayo. Kana sad mga gulay, kanang repulyo kay gamit
kaayo ang repulyo sa mga pagkaon.

(But rice is more needed since it is a basic need. Rice shops and sari-sari stores are important. Also
vegetables, especially cabbage because cabbage is used in a lot of food. )

WOMEN'S Member C: Kanang trapo, okay ra na siya pero para lang jud na para sa kanang mga makina
na kailangan ug trapo. O kana sang toyo ug suka sad, kay makalami siya ug daghan kaayo maghulam ug
toyo ug suka para sa ilang mga pagkaon.

(Rags are okay but only for machines who need it. Soy sauce and vinegar also, because it makes food
delicious and so many people are borrowing soy sauce and vinegar for their food.)

WOMEN'S Member B: ​Kana mang gud trapo making, manglisod jud kay kahinanglan maayo ka manahi.
Kahinanglan na hilig jud nimo ang pagtahi kay basin manglisod ta especially kung mugamit ta ug
machine. Basin dili mahuman dayon kay for example dili ko kaybaw kung unsaon ipadagan ang machine.

Interviewer: Ah sige. So kung mutukod mi ug business, kinsa mahn ang among pwede ihatagan para
i-continue ang business?

(Ah, okay. So if we make a business, who could continue it?)

WOMEN'S Member A: Kamo jud ang mupili ana kay mudepende na sa inyong gusto.
 14

(It should be you who should pick because it would depend on what you want.)

Interviewer: Kay among plano jud ay muhimo mi ug business ug ang among end goal ay makahimo ug
sustainable business na naay mudawat ani ug i-continue na niya ang among gisugod.

(Our plan is to make a business and its end goal is that it should be sustainable and the beneficiaries must
continue what we have started.)

WOMEN'S Member A: Okay ra kaayo. So kung sustainable, kailangan jud nang group.

(It’s really okay. So if it’s sustainable, it should be a group.)

WOMEN'S Member B: Kailangan jud na tarong ang inventory kung grupo. Dili man jud mi
mu-individualize kay kung naay jud opportunity, kailangan jud ug grupo kay makatabang mahn sahd
daghang taw.

(The inventory should be properly taken care of if it’s under the supervision of a group. We will not
individual if given the opportunity. The business should be taken care of by a group so that it will benefit
a lot of people.)

WOMEN'S Member C: Naa koy pangutana. Pila mahn ka members inyong ganahan na ihatag ang mga
business. Kay daghan mahn jud kaayong WOMEN'S members so kailangan jud tang mamili.

(I have a question. How many members do you want to leave your business to. Since there are a lot of
WOMEN'S members, you would have to decide on how many.)

Interviewer: Sa Barangay Hall, pila may taw na WOMEN'S members?

(In the Barangay Hall, how many people are WOMEN'S members?)

WOMEN'S Member A: Mga 10-12 na kabuok sa barangay hall. Pero sa whole Cogon Pardo makaabot ug
500.

(There are around 10-12 in the barangay hall and around 500 in the Cogon Pardo area.)

Interviewer: Basin ang among pili-on kay katong mga members na wala pay mga negosyo para
makatukod napud sila. Ug kay since start-up pa man mi na business, mu-focus sa mi sa barangay.
Kung mudako na ang business, pwede ipadako ninyo ang business sa other places.
 15

(Maybe the ones we will pick to continue our business would be those WOMEN'S members who have no
existing businesses. Since we are still a start-up business, maybe we will just focus on the barangay and
once the business grows, the members could branch out to more areas.)

WOMEN'S Member B: Pwede ra sahd kaayo kay maka-understand ra man sahd mi sa inyong situation
kay mga students pa man mo ug project sahd ni ninyo.

(That would be very okay and we understand your situation that you are still students and this is also your
project.)

Interviewer: So salamat kaayo sa inyong oras. Mu-contact lang mi kung naa pami’y kailangan na
information.

(So thank you for your time. We will contact you if we would still need some information.)

WOMEN'S Member A: Salamat sahd kaayo sa inyo.

(Thank you so much, also.)

PARTICIPANT GROUP B: COMMUNITY RESIDENTS OF COGON, PARDO

Interview: Community Resident A

Venue of Interview: Across Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018 3:30 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 1 minute and 32 seconds

1. What is your age?

40.
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Ang negosyo nga kailangan diri sa kay kanang mamaligya og mga pagkaon, bugas, mga sudan
kung dili na mi maka luto sa balay.
The business that the community needs are those that sell rice, food, and viand that can be
consumed in times when we can not cook at home.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
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Ang priority jud sa balay kay pagkaon jud kay mao man nay maka pa sustansya nato para maka
panrabaho para sa pamilya. Isa na ana kay ang bugas, mga delata, og mga noodles ginagmay na
dali ma luto og barato.
The basic necessity that we need is food because it gives us nutrients and strength to work for the
family. An example would be rice, canned goods, and noodles that can be cooked fast and easy
and should be at an affordable price.
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Ang kinahanglanon jud namo kay pagkaon para sa pamilya.
What we really need is food for the family.

Interview: Community Resident B

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 3:23 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 2 minutes

1. What is your age?

Bente-tres pa ko sir
I’m twenty-three years old, sir.
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Kanang karenderia. Dira ra gani ko mo adto para mag pani-udto. Gamay ra kaayo sila’g mga
pagkaon. Unya dali ra sila ma hudtan ug bugas, mao na bugas jud ang pangi-taon
A karenderia. That’s where I go to eat lunch. They don’t have a lot of food. And also they run out
of rice so fast, that’s why we’re always looking for rice.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Sa tinuod lang ​ang kinahanglan namo diri sa cogon kay ang bugas ra jud, daghan kaayo’g mga
tao nangitag bugas. Kanang NFA diri, taas kaayo’g linya tungod barato kaayo, dili pareho sa
ganador. Bugas, sige ra jud na siya bugas. Kay dili jud ta ka trabaho kung dili ta ka kaon bugas.
Rice, it’s always gonna be rice because we really can’t work if we don’t eat rice. To be honest,
the only thing that we need in Cogon is rice. So many people are looking for rice. The NFA here
has such a long line because of how cheaper it is than ganador.
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Bugas na sad, kay amo paliton usa ra ka kilo tungod sa ka mahal sa bugas. Mahal ang bugas, tag
32 pesos siya per kilo. Unya gamay ra kaayo akong makuha sa akong trabaho.
 17

Rise again, because we only buy one kilo because rice is so expensive. Rice is expensive, its for
32 pesos per kilo and also I only get so little from my work.

Interview: Community Resident C

Venue of Interview: Julie’s Bakeshop
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 2:40 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 2 minutes

1. What is your age?

Ay pwede di ko magsulti ug tinuod? Mga kuwarenta mam
Is it okay if I don’t say my real age? I’m around forty years old.
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Murag ang kinahanglan gyud namo kai pagkaon. Bugas gyud kinahanglan diri kay bisan walay
sud.an naa pay ma kaon. Dili sad kaayo mahal kay daghan na makakaon sa pamilya. Dali ra
mahurot ang bugas diri kay daghan kaayo mga tao diri nag puyo sa Cogon Pardo.
I think the community needs rice because even if there is no viand at least we are still able to eat.
The rice is not that expensive, thus plenty people can eat. The rice also finishes fast in the
location because Cogon Pardo is a resident area.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Ang kailangan sa community kay ang pag hunong sa trapik sa Cogon. Dapat mag padako sa mga
karsada kaay daghan kaayong sakyanan, motor, trucks, ug tricycles mo agi unya duha ra ka
linya. Kuwang jud ni siya para sa tanang sakyanan mo agi.
The basic necessity of the community is to decongest the traffic in Cogon by widening the roads.
Everyday, a lot of vehicles such trucks, private cars, motorcycles, and tricycles only passes
through a 2-lane road. The road is not sufficient for all the cars to pass.
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Ambot sanina ug pagkaon
I don’t know, clothes and food

Interview: Community Resident D

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 3:37 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 2 minutes
 18

1. What is your age?

Kuwarenta-dos mam.
Forty-two years old ma’m.
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Gusto namo na naay mga pagkaon kay mao na ang unang kinahanglan sa mga tao.
We want places with food because that is the primary need of the people.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Kato. Pagkaon.
The one I mentioned, food.
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Pagkaon jud. Bugas, tubig.
I really need food like rice and water.

Interview: Community Resident E

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 3:32 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 4 minutes

1. What is your age?

Ditse nuebe mam.
Nineteen years old, ma’m
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Dinhi kay ang mga businesses ay like mga street foods or sari-sari kay kana ra ang makakaya sa
mga tawo dinhi. Lisod sad mangwarta diri. So mga basics ra ang kinahanglan.
Businesses here are mostly street foods or sari-sari stores because that’s what the people here are
capable of selling. It’s hard to sell anything else because it’s hard to earn money from this
community. Basic necessities are always needed.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Mga services gihapon na clean-ups or pick-up sa basura sa gobyerno kay murag gubot na kaayo
dinhi sa Cogon Pardo.
Services like clean-ups and garbage pick-up from the government because it’s getting really dirty
here in Cogon Pardo.
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
 19

Usually bugas ra ug butang para sa paglimpyo sa balay or sa lawas.

We usually need rice and sanitary items.

Interview: Community Resident F

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: October 11, 2018, 3:18 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 4 minutes and 30 seconds

1. What is your age?

Kuwarenta-dos
Forty-two years old.
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Ang kahinanglan diri ay market kay muadto pa ang mga taga-diri sa Mercado. Kay magsikad pa
ang mga taw para makaadto sa Mercado didto sa Inayawan o sa Pardo.
(A market is needed in the area because most of the residents here still have to commute to go to
the nearest market located in Inayawan or Pardo.)
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Community Resident F: “Ang kahinanglan dinhi ay bugas kay mapares mahn gud nang bugas sa
tanang sud.an.”
(Rice is needed since it pairs well with viands.)
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Community Resident F: “Kanang bugas jud ang kahinanglan kay tulo man gud ka beses mukaon
sa usa ka adlaw. Pangitaon jud na siya.”
(Rice is really needed since we eat three times in one day so it is really searched for.)
 20

Interview: Community Resident G

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 2 minutes

1. What is your age?

Disi utso ko
I’m 18 years old
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Kana sigurong karne o pan ba ron
Probably some meat or could be bread
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Pagkaon man gi pangita diri
People always look for food here
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Pagkaon sad kay inig uli nako sa balay mangita ko ug unsay e kaon nako
Also food. When I go home, I always look for food and what I should eat.

Interview: Community Resident H

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 3 minutes and 20 seconds

1. What is your age?

Twenty seven ko
I’m twenty seven
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Kanang pangtahi kay naa koy anak na sigeg ka gisi ang iyang pantalon.
A textile shop would be good because my kid’s pants always gets ripped.
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Ah kana, pagkaon.
Oh that, food.
 21

4. Personally, what do you need at home?

Wala raman, okay naman mi diri sa balay.
Nothing, we are okay here at home.

Interview: Community Resident I

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 1 minute and 20 seconds

1. What is your age?

Trayntay- tres
33 years old
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Pagkaon
Food
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Pagkaon
Food
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Gatas
Milk

Interview: Community Resident J

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 2 minutes and 50 seconds

1. What is your age?

I’m 21 years old
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
For me, nindot siya kung naay milk tea place diri
For me, its nice if there is a milk tea place here
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Usually it’s always food here
 22

4. Personally, what do you need at home?

Maybe kanang food siguro because food is life
Maybe food probably because food is life

Interview: Community Resident K

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 4 minutes and 30 seconds

1. What is your age?

Sincuintay dos ko
I’m 52 years old
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Gusto mi ug bugas kay nihit kaayo, sige ra gud ko ug palit ug NFA diri
We want more rice because it’s scarce, I just buy NFA here
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Kato akong gi ingon bugas
The one i just said rice
4. Personally, what do you need at home?
Pagkaon mana kasagaran diri ug pwede sad kanang mga t shirt o pang balay
Food is usually needed here and maybe also t shirts or maybe some house clothes

Interview: Community Resident L

Venue of Interview: Outside Cogon Pardo Barangay Hall
Date and Time of Interview: January 18, 2019, 2:10 PM
Duration of Interview: Approximately 3 minutes

1. What is your age?

Sixteen
2. What type of business do you think does the community need?
Diri duol sa among eskwelahan ganahan mi ug mga sari sari store na mo baligya ug duwaan
Here near our school, we want a convenient store who sells toys for us
3. What is the basic necessity of the community?
Baboy kay lami siya
Pork because it is good
 23

4. Personally, what do you need at home?

Ganahan ko ug soft drinks pero kasagaran di man ko e pa inom ug daghan na soft drink sa akong
mama
I want soft drinks but I can’t really drink a lot because of my mom

The following presents the tabulated form of the participants’ answers.

PARTICIPANT GROUP A: WOMEN'S MEMBERS

Table 1.1 Age

Participant Group A 18-40 41-60 60 and above

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓

The table shows that the interviewed members of WOMEN'S were aged 41-60 during the
interview. This implies that they are in their middle adulthood and are expanding personal and social
involvement and responsibility (Shaban, n.d.).

Table 1.2 Basic Necessities

Participant Group A Rice Cooking Oil Vegetables Soy sauce and vinegar

Participant A ✓ ✓

Participant B ✓
 24

Participant C ✓ ✓ ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓

The table presents the basic necessities according to the participants. Firstly, five (5) members
agreed that rice is a basic necessity at home. Secondly, two (2) out of six (6) members say that vegetables
and one (1) suggests cooking oil, and another one (1) says soy sauce and vinegar. From the results, food is
the common answer for their basic necessities at home. As Participant F had said, “​Tinuod, pagkaon jud
amo kinahanglang sa balay”.

Table 1.3 Main Source of Income

Participant Group A Family Business

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓ ✓

Participant D ✓ ✓

Participant E ✓ ✓

Participant F ✓ ✓

The table presents that all of the main source of income among the participants are the businesses
they the own. Moreover, four (4) of the participants have family members who go to work and contribute
to the financial situation in the family.

Table 1.4 Businesses of the Members of Women’s Organization

 25

Participant Group A Handicrafts Piso-water Food Networking Sari-sari store

Businesses

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓

The table presents the kinds of businesses owned by each member of the WOMEN'S. Handicrafts
and food business are manufacturing businesses because the seller creates a new product from raw
materials. ​Piso​-water is selling water through an automatic ​tubig m
​ achine and costs only 1 peso, hence
the name. Networking is a form of merchandising that establishes a market through recruitment and
forming relationships. ​Sari-sari store is a merchandising business of buying household items, packaged
food or beverages, and other useful things and selling it in a stall near or within the seller’s home.

Table 1.5 Suggestions of a Suitable Businesses in Cogon, Pardo

Participant Group A Rice Karinderia Barbeque Stand

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓
 26

The table presents the suggestions of the participants on sustainable businesses in Cogon Pardo.
Four (4) out of six (6) participants suggest the selling of rice will be a sustainable business in the
community because as one said, “Even if it is NFA [rice], the day will not be complete without rice. It is
really a need.” Meanwhile, two (2) members suggest a food business specifically a karinderia and a
barbeque stand.

PARTICIPANT GROUP B: COMMUNITY RESIDENTS OF COGON, PARDO

Table 2.1 Age of the Participants

Participant Group B 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and above

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓

Participant G ✓

Participant H ✓

Participant I ✓

Participant J ✓

Participant K ✓

Participant L ✓
 27

The table above shows that the age of the residents interviewed were in the range of 15-64 years
old. This implies that the target market in the community are from young adults to adulthood and that they
are highly involved in the decision making and the purchasing power with the businesses around the area.

Table 2.2 Business Needed in the Community

Participant Group B Eatery Rice ​(Bugasan) Market Place

Participant A ✓ ✓

Participant B ✓ ✓

Participant C ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓

Participant F ✓

Participant G ✓

Participant H ✓

Participant I ✓

Participant J ✓

Participant K ✓

Participant L ✓

The table above shows the suggested businesses needed in the community based on the
observations of the community members. Based on the gathered data, nine (9) out of the twelve (12)
participants suggested the need of the rice business or the ​bugasan​. ​Secondly, two (2) participants
suggested to have a market place within the provides the various basic needs of the community. Lastly,
three (3) participants suggest an eatery to be established.
 28

Table 2.3 Necessities in the Community

Participant Group B Food Sanitary Items Clothes

Participant A ✓

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓ ✓

Participant D ✓

Participant E ✓ ✓

Participant F ✓

Participant G ✓

Participant H ✓ ✓

Participant I ✓

Participant J ✓

Participant K ✓ ✓

Participant L ✓ ✓

The table represents the common necessities of the community residents of Barangay Cogon
Pardo. The most common response is food which was 75% of the respondents. This implies that food is
the primary necessity within the community. The second in line is sanitary items, which gathered five (5)
out of twelve (12) votes. Lastly, clothes gather three (3) vote out of twelve (12).

Table 2.4 Necessities at Home

Participant Food Sanitary Clothes Water Soft Nothing Milk

Group B Items Drinks

Participant A ✓
 29

Participant B ✓

Participant C ✓ ✓

Participant D ✓ ✓

Participant E ✓ ✓

Participant F ✓

Participant G ✓

Participant H ✓

Participant I ✓

Participant J ✓

Participant K ✓

Participant L ✓

The table shows the necessities of the community residents in their own respective homes. 75%
of the participants responded food. It shows that food is the most important basic need at home, for it
gives them energy to work for the family. Meanwhile, one (1) out of twelve (12) residents responded with
sanitary items, clothes, soft drinks and water.
 30

CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings
Based on the findings of this study, the main necessity in Cogon, Pardo is the basic need of food,
specifically rice. Through the results, it is implied that establishing a rice business would be profitable
because of its high demand in the area. Being a basic necessity and being highly demanded, a rice
business could be a livelihood sustainable for the beneficiaries.
Conclusion
The researchers have studied the data and have concluded that the target market of the business is
the residents of Cogon Pardo. Since the business is aimed to be located in the barangay, the community
shall be the target market. The business will be established in the barangay hall of Cogon Pardo, as
suggested by one of the participants. Additionally, a business sustainable for the beneficiaries is selling
rice, a recurring answer from the beneficiaries as well as the residents of Cogon Pardo. The beneficiaries
are selected members of the WOMEN’S Organization, women ranging from ages eighteen (18) to
fifty-nine (59). Furthermore, the business is sustainable for the beneficiaries because it is a basic necessity
of the community, thus the demand is continually strong.

Recommendations
For future researchers, they are recommended to ask more questions and give more time to look
for more respondents that may contribute to a more accurate and detailed study. In addition to that, it is
recommended to interview a greater amount of participants in both groups with a wider age range to
provide a bigger scope of ideas that could be beneficial to the study. Lastly, the researchers should
research about the competition of similar businesses around the area. This would help give more
information if whether or not the business will be able to thrive in the environment.
 31

REFERENCES

Bersales, L. (2016). ​Average family income in 2015 is estimated at 22 thousand pesos monthly: Results
from the 2015 family income and expenditure survey​. Retrieved from
https://psa.gov.ph/income-expenditure/fies

Bersales, L. (2017). ​Farmers, fishermen and children consistently posted the highest poverty incidence
among basic sectors - psa.​Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases

Bersales, L. (2018). ​Nine percent of filipinos aged 6 to 24 years are out of school: Results from the 2017
annual poverty indicators survey.​Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/income-expenditure/apis

Business enterprise.​(n.d.). ​BusinessDictionary.com​. Retrieved October 09, 2018, from:

BusinessDictionary.com website:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business-enterprise.html

Gerstmann, P. (2016). ​Standardized survey classifications: Individuals​. Retrieved from:

http://www.pgagroup.com/standardized-survey-classifications.html

Poverty.​(n.d.). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from BusinessDictionary.com

website: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/poverty.html

Shaban. (n.d.). ​Adulthood age group: Growth & development​. Retrieved from:
https://web2.aabu.edu.jo/tool/course_file/lec_notes/1001242_Adulthood%20Age%20Group%20
GD.pdf

UNESCO. (2017). ​Poverty​. Retrieved from:

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossar
y/poverty/#
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APPENDICES
Appendix I: ​Interview Questions
Members of WOMEN'S
1. How old are you?
2. What are your hobbies? What do you do on your leisure time?
3. What are your basic necessities?
4. What is your financial situation as of the moment?
5. What is your main source of livelihood?
6. What type of business do you think is best or sustainable in Pardo?
7. Do you have any experience in running a business? If yes, what kind of business?
8. Do you have a stable work as of the moment? If yes, what do you do in your job and how do you
accomplish it?

Community Residents:
1. What is needed in the community?
2. Personally, what do you need at home?
3. What type of business do you think does the community need?

Appendix II: Documentation

Image 1.2 The Spirit of Brgy Captain Eran is

Image 1.1 Giving of token of appreciation after within us
the interview
 33

Image 2.1 Interview with the WOMEN'S

Image 2.4 Interview with one of the community
members
residents in Brgy Cogon, Pardo

Image 2.2 Interview with the WOMEN'S Image 2.5 Interview with a tempura vendor in
members Cogon Pardo

Image 2.3 Together with the WOMEN'S Image 2.6 Interview with the sales lady of
members and Brgy Captain Eran Julie’s Bakeshop in Brgy Cogon Pardo
34