Tender age of

motherhood:
Teenage pregnancy

Smriti
M.Sc
B.Ed Special
Educatiom
 Content
1. Introduction
2. Risk factors
3. Incidences
4. Causes
5. Diagnosis
6. Effects of teen pregnancy
7. Impact of teen pregnancy
8. Effects of teenage marriage
9. Prevention
10. Agencies for lowering high
pregnancy rates
11. Conclusion
12. References
 Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under
the age of 20 .

 Pregnancy can takes place in pubertal females.

 Known as adolescence pregnancy.

 Risk factors
Developed countries
•Often associated with social issues
•Lower educational levels
•Higher rates of poverty

Developing countries
•May combine with malnutrition
•Poor health care
 Incidence

Save the Children found that, annually, 13 million children

are born to women under age 20 worldwide.

90% in developing countries.

Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading

cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15
and 19.
 causes
The lack of education on safe sexpeer pressure drugs and alcohol
unprotected intercourse. A sexually active teenager who does not use
contraception has a 90% chance of becoming pregnant within one year.

Potential behaviour patterns for a teenage girl becoming pregnant include:

* early dating behaviour

* high-risk behaviours
* lack of a support group
* Unhealthy environment at home
* stress and depression
* delinquency / criminal behaviour
* exposure to domestic or sexual violence
* and most important, financial constraints
 diagnosis
• Sexually active teenage girl who experiences
irregular or absent periods or any of the symptoms is
advised to undergo a pregnancy test.

•Pelvic examination by a gynecologists may reveal

bluish or purple coloration of vaginal walls, and
softening of the cervix, and enlargement of the uterus.

•Finally, an ultrasound may be done to confirm the

presence and current status of the pregnancy
Europe
India

U.s.a. Africa
effects of teen pregnancy
health effects
•Higher risk for anemia,
•Pregnancy-induced hypertension
•Lower genital tract infections
•low birth weight babies

Social effects
•Isolation
•guilt
•Stress
•depression,
•low self esteem resulting in lack of
interest in studies
•limited job prospects and
•Lack of a support group or few
friends to name just a few.
IMPACT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
ON THE
CHILD
psychosocial development
developmental disabilities
behavioral
Poor academic performance

ON THE
MOTHER
affect one's education
drop out of high school
Employment and social class.
 EFFECTS OF TEEN AGE MARRIAGE
In the non-pregnant state, there is quite a high possibility
of getting
– sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
– chronic pelvic pain
– cervical cancer
– human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
– Many pregnant teens are subject to nutritional
deficiencies from poor eating habits common in
adolescence, including attempts to lose weight
through dieting, skipping meals, food faddism,
snacking, and consumption of fast food.
 PREVENTION
• HEALTH EDUCATION

• SKILL BASED HEALTH EDUCATION

• LIFE SKILL EDUCATION

• FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

• COUNSELLING FOR EMOTIONAL STRESS

AGENCIES FOR LOWERING HIGH PREGNANCY
RATES

National Campaign to Prevent Teen and

Unplanned Pregnancy was formed. They are
dedicated to solving the issue of teen
pregnancy.

• Every year since 2002, this campaign

celebrates the National Day to Prevent Teen
Pregnancy on the first Wednesday of May.
 Conclusion
• This adolescent period is hazardous for adolescent health due
to absence of proper guidance and counselling.
• Family has a crucial role in shaping the adolescents behavior.
• They have to ensure a safe, secure, and supportive
environment for the adolescents.
• Family members in the community to be informed and
educated about this problem.
• A positive and encouraging attitude has to be developed
among the family members and parents.
• School teachers should be trained on adolescent health.
 References
•Hamilton, Brady e. and Ventura, Stephanie J. (April 10 2012).``birth rates for u.s
teenagers reach historic lows for all age and ethnic group”. Centers for disease
control and prevention.

•Mayor's. (2004).``pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in

teenage girls in developing countries”.BMJ (7449): 1152.doi: 10.
1136/bmj.7449.1152-a.PMC 411126. PMID 15142897

•`` Teen pregnancy”(2004) in Encyclopedia of women’s health.

•Dawan, himanshi (28 November 2013)``teen pregnancy higher in India than

even in UK, US” The economic times

•MacLeod, c. (1999).``The ‘causes’ of teenage pregnancy: Review of South

African Research--part-2”. South African journal of Psychology29: 8-16. doi:10.
1177/0081246399902900102.
 … continued
•The national campaign to prevent Teen Pregnancy. (2001). What the polling data tells
A Summary of past Surveys on Teen pregnancy.teeenpregnancy.org

•Allen, Collin.(may 22 ,2003).”Peer Pressure and Teen Sex .”psychology today.

•The National Campaign to prevent Teen Pregnancy.(2009). Do most tens who choose t
raise the child get married when they find out they are pregnant?

•Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behaviour, Pregnancy And

Parenthood, US Department of Health and Human services.

•American academy of pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence .

Adolescent Pregnancy-currents trends and issues:1998.Pediatrics,1990;
103:516-520