ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our heartiest thankfulness to Project Guide Mr.P.MADHU, Assistant Professor,

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, KKCT, Puttur for his precious guidance
and encouragement throughout Project work, without which it would probably not possible for us to bring
out the work in this form.

We deeply thank our honourable Chairman, SRI K. KUPPAIAH CHETTY for his moral support
throughout the course.

We express our deepest thanks and gratitude to our beloved Principal, Dr.S.SANKAR for
supporting us in completion of our Project work successfully by providing the required facilities.

We express our sincere gratitude to Mr.E.ASHOKKUMAR, Head of the Department,

Electronics and Communication Engineering for his valuable guidance and support throughout the
Project.

Last but not least, we deeply acknowledge our PARENTS whose blessings are always there with us
in all our good deed

TEAM MEMBERS

U.PAVANKUMAR (143F1A0412)

M.KALYAN (143F1A0405)

A.E.MEENA (143F1A0408)

R.VISHNUPRIYA (13751A0409)

R.M.RAJESH (133F1A0422)
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Project report entitled “SMART IRRIGATION

SYSTEM USING IOT” being submitted by us for award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Anantapuram, is a bonafide record of the KKC INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING, PUTTUR and has not been submitted to any
other courses or university for award of any degree.

TEAM MEMBERS

U.PAVAN KUMAR (143FIA0412)

M.KALYAN (143F1A0405)

A.E.MEENA (143F1A0408)

R.VISHNUPRIYA (13751A0409)

R.M.RAJESH (133F1A0422)
 ABSTRACT
In some of the water system contraption water system booking is done by means of
following soil, water prevalence with tension meters underneath trickle water system through the
computerization controller device in sandy soil. It is exceptionally vital for the rancher to save
the substance inside the subject. It is extremely hard to gauge the substance material of the
division. Presently a day there is no framework like this to quantify.

The proposed gadget has exceptional sensors, a small scale controller, GPRS and quality assets.
A few WSUs might be conveyed in-zone to design a dispensed sensor group for the programmed
water system gadget. Every unit relies upon on the miniaturized scale controller that controls the
radio modem GPRS and tactics statistics from the dirt dampness sensor, temperature sensor and
water degree sensor. In this remote sensor unit or transmission unit the sensor information from
various sensors (Soil dampness, temperature, moistness and water degree) are amassed within
the primary controller. This fact is shown on transmission section LCD. Arduino controller is
changed to some restrict estimations of temperature and soil dampness.

I
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE NO:
ABSTRACT I
LIST OF FIGURE II
LIST OF TABLES IV
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 1
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 1
1.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 2
1.3. 1 Consumer Appliances 2
1.3. 2 Office Automation 3
1.3. 3 Industrial Automation 3
1.3. 4 Medical Electronics 3
1.3.5 Computer Networking 3
1.3. 6 Telecommunications 3
1.3. 7 Wireless Technologies 3
1.3. 8 Insemination 3
1.3. 9 Security 3
1.3. 10 Finance 4
1. 4 OVERVIEW OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM 5
1. 4. 1 Central processing unit (CPU) 6
1.4. 2 Memory 7
1.4. 3 Input Devices 7
1.4. 4 Output Devices 7
1.4. 5 Communication Interfaces 7
1.4. 6 Application-Specific Circuitry 7
2. EXISTING SYSTEM 8
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM 9
4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 11
4.1 POWER SUPPLY 11
4.1.1 Need for power supply 11
4.1.2 Transformers 12
4.1.3 Voltage Regulators 13
4.1.4 Diode Bridge 13
4.1.5 Filter circuit 14
4.1.6 Rectifier 15
4.1.7 Circuit diagram of the power supply 16
4. 2 ARDUINO 17
4. 2. 1 Arduino hardware 18
4. 2. 2 Physical Characteristics 19
4. 2. 3 Power 19
4. 2. 4 Input output 20
4. 2. 5 Communication 22
4. 3 MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA328P 22
4. 3. 1 Features 22
4. 3. 2 Pin diagram 25
4. 3.3 Pin Description 26
4. 3. 4 Block Diagram 28
4. 3. 5 Description 29
4. 3. 6 Memory 30
4. 3. 7 Register File 30
4. 3. 8 AVR Memory 30
4. 3. 9 Addressing modes 31
 4. 3. 10 Stack point register 32
4. 3. 11 program status registers 34
4. 4 LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) 34
4. 4.1 Pin Diagram 35
4. 4. 2 Pin description 35
4. 4. 3 Block diagram of LCD display 36
4. 4. 4 Control and Display Commands 36
4. 4. 5 Details of the Instructions 39
4. 4. 6 8-bit and 4-bit interfacing of LCD 43
4. 4. 7 8-bit mode 43
4. 4. 8 4-bit mode 43
4. 4. 9 LCD display interfacing- flowchart 44
4. 4. 10 Interfacing 16X2 LCD to ARDUINO-UNO 44
4.5 SOIL MOISTUER SENSOR 45
4.6 DHT11 SENSOR 46
4.7 GPRS 47
4.7.1 Functions of GPRS 47
4.7.2 Use of GPRS 47
4.8 SERIAL COMMUNICATION 48
4.8.1 UART 48
4.8.2 RS-232 BASICS 49
4.8.3 RS-232 Level converter 50
5. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 51
5. 1 ARDUINO IDE 51
5. 2 SKETCH BOOK 53
5. 3 UPLOADING 54
5. 4 SERIAL MONITOR 55
 5. 5 PROJECT CODE 57
6. MERITS AND DEMERITS 62
7. APPLICATIONS 63
8. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 64
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 66
BIBLIOGRAPHY V
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGENO:
1.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 2

1.2 INTERFACING COMPONENTS IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM 5

1.3EMBEDDED SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE 6

3.1BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 9

4.1POWER SUPPLY 11

4.2 I/O TERMINALS OF TRANSFORMERS 12

4.3VOLTAGE REGULATORS 13

4.4SCHEMATIC AND ILLUSTARTION OF DIODE 14

4. 5CAPACITIVE FILTER 14

4. 6 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER 15

4.7 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER 15

4.8 BRIDGE RECTIFIER 16

4.9 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY 16

4.10ARDUINO UNO BOARD 17

4.11 PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER 25

4.12 PIN DIAGRAM OF AT MEGA 328P 28

4.13 REGISTER FILE OF MICROCONTROLLER 30

4. 14 DATA MEMORY OF AVR 30

4.15 DIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE 31

4. 16 DIRECT I/O ADDRESSING MODE 32

4.17 DIRECT DATA MEMORY ADDRESSING MODE 32

4.18 DIRECT DATA MEMORY WITH DISPLACEMENT ADDRESSING MODE 33

II
4.19 PIN DIAGRAM OF LCD 35

4.20BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LCD DISPLAY 36

4.21 FLOW CHART OF INTERFACING LCD 44

4.22 INTERFACING OF LCD TO ARDUINO UNO 44

4. 23 SOIL MOISTUER SENSOR 45

4.24 HUMIDITY SENSOR 46

4.25GPRS MODULE 48

4.26 MAX232 PIN DESCRIPTION 50

5.1 INSTALLATION WIZARD 51

5.2 INSTALLATION PROCESS 52

5.3 SKETCH BOOK 53

5.4 EXAMPLE PROGRAMS 54

5.5 UPLOADING 54

5 .6 SERIAL MONITOR 56

8.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 64

8.2 INTIAL CONDITIONS 64

8.3 MESSAGE DISPLAYING AS MOTOR ON 65

8.4 MESSAGE DISPLAYING AS MOTOR OFF 65

8.5 OUTPUT WAVEFORM 65

III
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE NO:
1. DESCRIPTION OF STACK POINTER 33

2. PIN DESCRIPTION OF LCD 35

3. CONTROL AND DISPLAY COMMANDS 38

IV
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] “W. A. Jury and H. J. Vaux, ―The developing worldwide water emergency: Managing
shortage and struggle between water users,‖ Adv. Agronomy, vol. 95,pp. 1–76, Sep. 2007."

[2] "X. Wang, W. Yang, A. Wheaton, N. Cooley, and B. Moran, ―Efficient enlistment of
optical and IR pictures for programmed plant water push appraisal, ‖Comput. Electron. Agricult.,
vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 230–237, Nov. 2010."

[3] "G. Yuan, Y. Luo, X. Sun, and D. Tang, ―Evaluation of a harvest water push record for
recognizing water worry in winter wheat in the North China Plain,‖ Agricult. Water Manag., vol.
64, no. 1, pp. 29–40, Jan. 2004."

[4] "S. B. Idso, R. D. Jackson, P. J. Pinter, Jr., R. J. Reginato, and J. L. Hatfield, ―Normalizing
the anxiety degree day parameter for natural variability,‖Agricult. Meteorol., vol. 24, pp. 45–55,
Jan. 1981."

[5] "Y.Erdem, L.Arin, T.Erdem, S.Polat, M.Deveci, H.Okursoy, and H. T. Gültas, ―Crop water
stretch file for surveying water system planning of trickle inundated broccoli (Brassica oleracea
L. var. italica),‖Agricult. Water Manag. vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 148–156, Dec. 2010."