NATURAL DISASTER

Non-natural disasters are disasters that are usually caused by human activities that
cause environmental damage, and also cause casualties, loss of psychological impacts
around them. Types of non-natural disasters are very numerous around our environment
such as forest fires, environmental pollution, global warming.

TYPES OF NON NATURAL DISASTERS

A. FOREST FIRE

Forest fires are included in non-natural disasters. Forest fires are disasters that
often occur in Indonesia. Forest fires can occur due to natural factors themselves and
factors caused by human activity with intentional elements. If it is not immediately
addressed, the forest cover will become more widespread and cause adverse
impacts on the surrounding environment.

 CAUSES OF FOREST FIRE

 El-Nino
El-Nino is a natural factor due to forest fires. Because El-Nino
causes long drought until drought occurs. This causes the possibility of a
large fire. Because of the long drought arises heat from the layers in the
soil that causes a fire. Other natural factors are struck by lightning and
volcanic activity.
 Opening of New Land
Many big businessmen or big companies are competing to open
new land both for agriculture and plantations. They try to open new land
for their own interests without prioritizing the surrounding environment.
They open new land by burning forests. Forest firing is the most evision
and easy to do to get new land. Because forest burning is done at a cost
that is fast and easy to do.

 Illegal Logging
Illegal Logging or burning of wild forests will produce critical
lands with high levels of hazard. If the fire from burning this forest is not
controlled, it will easily spread to the critical forest areas.
From wild combustion will leave the remaining leaves and
branches which are dry. And that if left over time will accumulate. And
during the dry season, the leaves and branches will burn because of the
heat generated from the earth.

 Low public awareness

 This happens a lot in Indonesia, because of the low awareness
of the surrounding community, the forest can catch fire. Many people
who smoke then throw their cigarette butts in the forest area. just throw
it away.Then if exposed to dry leaves, the leaves or twigs will be burned.
And because of the low awareness or neglect of the forest will burn.

 THE IMPACT OF FOREST FIRE

 Disrupt Health
Forest fire will cause many puffs of smoke. Mixing with carbon
monoxide gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide with lots like nickel and
crom. So that the smoke will threaten health problems in humans which are
very serious. Health problems that occur in humans such as low vision,
breath breathing and skin irritation and allergies.

 Loss of Flora and Fauna

With the forest fires many impacts caused by one of them is the loss
of diversity of flora and fauna in the forest. And the extinction will occur
because of the loss of flora and fauna that die due to fire. .

 Damage to the environmental ecosystem

If forest fires occur, ecosystems and food chains will be damaged.
Ecosystems and food chains are things that reflect environmental balance.
Nature continues to cycle with the cycle created. But what happens if the
ecosystem and the food chain are damaged? Then there will be
environmental imbalance. That is, with the destruction of the forest
ecosystem. And if the food chain in the forest is damaged by fire, it is not
impossible that the animals will search for food into residential areas. This is
very dangerous for the people who are around the forest.

 Accident occurs
It is not impossible anymore if there are many accidents on land and
in the air. If a fire occurs it will cause smoke that is so thick that it interferes
with vision because of low visibility. This will cause accidents for motorists
who pass through the forest fire area

 FOREST FIRE MANAGEMENT

 Do not open new land or plantations by burning forests
 Do not throw cigarette butts in the forest
 Do not abandon unnecessary fire and ensure that the fire is dead if it leaves
the forest
 Regular forest patrols to check the state of the forest
  Pay attention to forest areas with high fire points which can trigger forest
fires especially during long droughts

B. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
The environment is everything that is around us that covers the whole
anatara natural resources, flora and fauna. The environment consists of two
components, namely biotic and abiotic. Biotic components are components that
consist of living things such as animals, plants, humans and micro-organisms. Abiotic
consists of non-living things such as air, light, water, and soil. Both are very
important because they influence each other.
Environmental pollution is a change in the undesirable environment that
causes environmental imbalances. So that it can affect the safety, health, and
survival of living things. Environmental pollution is usually caused by pollutants
originating from natural materials, chemicals and human activities.
In general environmental pollution is divided into 3 viz:
a) Soil pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Air pollution

 KINDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

 SOIL POLLUTION
Soil pollution is pollution by chemicals that are poisoned with a
high enough concentration in the soil so that it has the potential to cause
health impacts and environmental imbalances. Soil pollution can also be
caused by anorganic waste that cannot be decomposed directly and
requires years such as plastic waste. Pollution that comes from solid
waste or liquid waste on the surface or underground that enters the soil
then settles as a toxic chemical that is in the soil. And that will have a
direct impact on humans and the animals in them if they come into direct
contact.

 Causes of Soil Pollution

 Natural processes can cause accumulation of toxic
chemicals in the soil. Pure accumulation occurs because of
natural processes in arid environments.
 Deforestation is done to create dry land. Because dry and
barren land will not fertile again.
 Use of pepticide fertilizer to eradicate pests in plants.
 Mining activities that can open open space below the
surface of the earth that will harm the integrity of the soil.
And mining will also produce dangerous chemicals such as
 uranium which can be disrupted and then released into
the environment.
 Inorganic waste generated from human waste. Inorganic
waste contains chemicals and cannot be decomposed in a
fast time and takes years to decompose.

Impacts of soil pollution

 Reducing soil fertility. Because various kinds of chemicals
can reduce the level of soil fertility. Soil is no longer fertile
because pollutants have damaged the fertility network in
the soil
 Make plants and other living things die. If the soil fertility
tissue is damaged, the plants will not flourish, instead the
plant will die. And if there are plants that are eaten by
animals or even humans, it will be negatively affected.
 Damaging the ecosystem. Because the ecosystem is a form
of interaction between living things with the environment
and the components that are in it. Soil is included in the
abiotic component. So that if the soil is polluted it will
cause disturbed environmental balance.

Prevention of Soil Pollution

 Recycle inorganic waste from family waste
 Reducing the use of plastic
 Utilize organic fertilizer derived from animal waste to
make fertile plants and eradicate pests.
 Reducing excessive use of pepticides and inorganic
fertilizers
 Raising public awareness to dispose of garbage in its place

 WATER POLLUTION
Water is the most important component in the world because
water is a resource which is the cause of the essence of all life. Two thirds
of the earth is water. Even 70% of the components of the human body
consist of water. The amount of water on earth is fixed, it's just changing
shape and through a cycle called the water cycle. The water cycle is a
natural process that is sustainable in nature. And from that cycle there is
clean water and dirty water. However, there are problems that threaten
the existence of water on earth, which is about water pollution.
Water pollution is pollution that is usually caused by human
activities. Changes in the physical, chemical or biological nature of water
will have adverse consequences for living organisms. According to the
Britannica encyclopedia, water pollution is the release of substances into
underground water below the surface or into lakes, streams, and oceans
 to the point where substances interfere with the use of beneficial water
or the natural function of ecosystems. And the source of water pollution
usually comes from household and industrial wastes that are deliberately
discharged into water areas.
Causes of water pollution
 Industrial waste or factory waste discharged into suangai
 Garbage disposal in the river
 Explosive fishing
 Nutr Increased nutritional content
 Water that lacks oxygen in large amounts so that it impacts the
ecosystem as a whole

Impact of water pollution

 Causing erosion
 Water sources will gradually decrease
 Disrupt health
 The ecosystem in the water is disturbed
 Causing organisms in the sea to die
 Reduction of clean water sources
 Flooding can occur
 Causing the source of the disease

Prevention for water pollution

 Do not throw garbage into the river
 Do not catch fish with explosives
 Industries or factories should make reservoirs so as not to
drain factory waste into rivers or the sea
 Ebo Reforestation of the forest
 Increase public awareness to always maintain environmental
balance

 AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is a condition where there are one or more chemical,
physical or biological substances in the atmosphere which are harmful. Air
pollution is one of the environmental pollution. Air pollution is damage to
air quality. This damage is caused by various sources. Air pollution can come
from vehicle fumes, factory fumes, industrial waste, household waste and
others. Air pollution in the room can affect human health as well as
pollution in open space.

Causes of air pollution

  Volcano eruption. Smoke that is piled up from the
mountain can cause air pollution
 Forest fires
 Smoke from motor vehicles
 Smoke from the factory industry
 Dust generated from mining and quarrying
 Waste disposal, ie pollutants, are H₂S gas which causes a
foul odor

 Impact of air pollution

 Causes health problems. Because air pollution affects
breathing, heart disease and cancer in humans.
 Global Warming
 Asam Acid rain. When burning fossil fuels, harmful gases
such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur oxides are released
during combustion. When it rains, water droplets combine
with air pollutants to become acidic and then fall to the
ground in the form of acid rain.
 Ut Eutrophication which is a condition where large
amounts of nitrogen in some chemical pollutants develop
at sea level
 Ozone layer depletion. Ozone in the atmosphere functions
to protect humans from UV rays.
 The greenhouse effect caused by the presence of CO₂,
CFC, Methane, and N₂O in the troposper which absorbs
heat radiation reflected by the surface of the earth

 Prevention of air pollution

 Switch to public transportation to repeat pollution
 Reducing the use of electronics so that it can reduce the
amount of fossil fuels
 Recycle inorganic waste
 Install pollutant absorbent material
 Build a high smoke chimney until the gas is discharged can
penetrate the thermal inversion layer
 Greening

C. GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming or so-called global warming is a process of increasing the
average temperature of the atmosphere, sea and land of the earth. Temperatures at
the surface of the earth have risen 0.74 ± 0.18 ° C over the past year. Most of the
increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is most likely due
to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activity through the
greenhouse effect.
Rising global temperatures will cause other changes such as rising sea
levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, and changes in the amount
and pattern of precipitation. Another result is the impact of agricultural products, the
loss of glisters and the extinction of various types of animals.

 CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

 Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a process of rising temperatures on the
surface of the earth due to changes in the Earth's atmosphere. That is
due to the increased concentration of CO₂ gas caused by the burning
of many fuels of oil, coal and other organic fuels. Sunlight that should
be reflected into space, cannot be reflected perfectly so that the rays
remain in the atmosphere

 Methane gas
Methane gas is produced from livestock. Because compared to
the oil industry, livestock produces more methane gas.

 Climate Change
Climate change has a major impact on global warming. This can
be seen in the surrounding environment. Like when the glister melts,
there is ice in the river, and the flow of water becomes faster.

 Increased carbon monoxide gas

The increasing number of people in the world increases carbon
monoxide gas because more and more people are using motorized
vehicles. The effect of motor vehicles is very influential for global
warming because what is released is carbon monoxide gas which is
very dangerous for health can also cause the greenhouse effect.

 Carbon dioxide gas from vehicle pollution

This carbon dioxide gas will be very influential in global warming
because carbon dioxide gas is a gas that captures hot light so that it
cannot be channeled out of space again. And it has a bad impact on
health because of the large amount of environmental pollution whose
inhabitants live on the side of the highway.

 Reduced greening
 The reduced greening also has an impact on global warming.
Because forests have an important role for living things, because
forests are the lungs of the world.

 THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING

 Climate and climate change
Climate and climate change is one of the effects of global
warming. Because of the rising surface temperature of the Earth's
surface it can change the weather and climate in various places and
around the world.

 Reducing agricultural output

Farmers are very dependent on the season and climate. Because
climate change caused by global warming affects the impact of
agricultural output.

 Impact on health
Because global warming can occur the existence of air pollution
and carbon dioxide gas which inhibits to produce oxygen.

 GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL

 Reducing the use of motorized vehicles
 Increase public awareness
 Ebo Reforestation
 Do not cut down trees carelessly
 Save electricity
 Reducing carbon dioxide gas
 Make adequate home ventilation ducts

POSITIF AND NEGATIF IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND NON-NATURAL DISASTERS

a) Flood
Negative impact of floding
 The economic loss
 An outbreak of disease
 Difficulty of clean water
 Human activity stalled
 Material loss
 Obstruction of transportation flow
 causing casualties
 damage to public facilities and infratucture
Positif impact of floding
