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Industrial safety refers to the condition of being protected from physical, chemical and biological hazards that are likely to occur in any industry
tolerance level that are recognised. These preventive measures minimises the economical losses as well as health losses to a maximum extend

TERMS RELATED TO SAFETY

Security:  state of being free from danger or threat

 Risk: (ISO 31000) the e ect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative

Failure: Lack of success

 Damage: Physical harm caused to impair its value, usefulness, or normal function.

 Error: state or condition of being wrong; mistake

 Accidents: unplanned incident which positive or negative

 Safety: Absence of risk

 Near Miss: unplanned event that had a potential to cause damage     

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 Hazard: something that can cause harm if not controlled

 Outcome: harm that results from an uncontrolled hazard

LIMITATIONS OF SAFETY
Safety can be brought to an extend on a relative basis rather than giving scent percentage assurance of its non occurrence. The surety of safety
economic value and standard and norms that the company follows. Hence safety is de ned as the situation where the injuries or damage mad

TYPES OF SAFETY
Normative safety: o ered to products that meet design standard and protection.

Substantive safety: also called objective safety, where protection is o ered whether standards are met or not.

Perceived safety: subjective safety where various methods are opted based on previous risks or accident met.

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IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY
Taking into consideration the moral, legal and nancial criteria of an industry, its safety and protection are of greater importance. It is the respo
employees and personnel who are involved or a ected by the activities of an organization, which is de ned as duty of care of the organization.
moral duty of care where as compensation or preventive or punitive e ect of law is made in legal obligations. Every accident or damage is asso

ORGANIZATION FOR SAFETY STANDARDS

American Society of Safety Engineers 

Board of Certi ed Safety Professionals 

System Safety Society 

 The Safety and Reliability Society 

Canadian Society of Safety Engineering

Consumer Product Safety Commission (USA)

Environmental Protection Agency or EPA (USA)

Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile or FIA (France)

Food and Drug Administration or FDA (USA)

Health and Safety Executive (UK)

National Highway Tra c Safety Administration (USA)

National Public Safety Commission (Japan)

National Transportation Safety Board or NTSB (USA)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (UK)

 European Aviation Safety Agency or EASA (Europe)

 Trading Standards Services (UK)


SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSYTEM
 Various organizations were framed to assist and encourage industry for continual improvement in employee health and safety, achieved via a
evaluation, and action for improvement, all supported by constant auditing to determine the success of e ective actions. One such guideline is
 Guidelines a on occupational safety and health management systems.

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SAFETY POLICY
It is the basic safety policy of an organisation that no activity or duty is so important that an employee must violate a safety rule or take a risk o
comply with all safety rules and are encouraged to actively participate in identifying ways to make working environment a safer place to work. S
employees and as a part of daily duties must check the workplace for unsafe conditions, watch employees for unsafe actions and take prompt

SAFETY AND HEALTH RESPONSIBILITIES

The responsibilities are distributed among managers, supervisors and employee that are being planned, executed, evaluated and modi ed.

Manager Responsibilities
Ensures that safety authority committee is formed and requisite actions are taken such as su cient employee time, supervisor support and fu
Supervisors are evaluated on the basis of their e ciency in investigation and corrective action taken to prevent hazards condition and proper r

Supervisor Responsibility
Ensure that employees are competent and initial orientation is provided of which records are maintained for all the activities, so that any chang
communicated to higher authority and necessary actions taken. It is also the responsibility of supervisor to check whether all employee have re
safe and corrections are made then and there.

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 Employee Responsibility
Responsibility of employee is to strictly follow the safety rules framed and report the respective personnel about any unsafe conditions or actio
positive attitude towards safety among co-workers, and suggestions that would bring better safety conditions to higher level personnel.

SAFETY COMMITTEE
A safety committee is formed to help employees and management work together to identify safety problems, develop solutions, review inciden
committee holds management-designated representatives and one employee-elected representative each from department, factory and outsi
themselves. If there is only one volunteer or nomination, the employees will approve the person by voice vote at a short meeting called for tha
being re-elected or replaced. In addition to the employee-elected representatives, management will designate no more than three representat
chairperson will be selected by majority vote of the committee members each year if any exception the same method will be used to select a re

RISK MANAGEMENT
It  is the identi cation, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, mo
maximize the realization of opportunities. The strategies to manage risk typically include avoiding the risk, transferring the risk to another part
or all of the potential or actual consequences of a particular risk.

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

 The method opted are as follows:

 identify, characterize hazards or threats

assess the vulnerability of critical assets to speci c threats

determine the risk

identify ways to tackle or prevent or reduce those risks

prioritize risk reduction measures based on a strategy

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Analysis techniques are categorized into two: qualitative and quantitative methods. The main objective is to nd causal dependencies between
approaches focus on the cause of risk while quantitative methods aim at estimations about probabilities, rates and/or severity of consequence
expertise of the safety engineer that include failure mode and e ects analysis and fault tree analysis. In contrast model-based techniques try to
system.

HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Eliminating Workplace Hazards

Basic Safety Rules

Job Related Safety Rules

Disciplinary Policy

Equipment Maintenance

Emergency Planning

Safety and Health Training and Education

MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and measurement – General
It should be made sure that they work, risk control measures need to be checked and criteria may include:

1. monitoring hazardous processes to ensure that implemented controls are e ective

 2. inspection of plant, e.g. pressure vessels to ensure conformity with regulatory requirements

3. inspection and discussion in work areas where administrative controls are used

4. identi cation of necessary maintenance of buildings and facilities and

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5. using equipment for monitoring and measurement of health and safety risks, that are identi ed, calibrated, maintained and stored in accord

Monitoring and measurement – Health surveillance

Monitoring the health of persons potentially exposed to hazardous substances and work environment hazards to detect adverse changes to he
This in turn help to evaluate the e ectiveness of risk controls and include the following:

1.biological testing, e.g. determination of the presence of substances or their metabolites in blood, urine or expired air

2.speci c medical tests, such as lung function tests

3. general medical examinations

4.hearing tests


 Incident investigation and corrective action

It is important to report accidents and incidents so that an investigation can be carried out since hazards still exist and accidents and incidents

system. Corrective action is to be made to remove or minimise the hazard to prevent a recurrence. Basic elements that should be included are

1.identifying the cause of accidents

2.identifying and implementing the necessary corrective action

3. modifying controls necessary to avoid repetition of the incident

4. recording any changes in written procedures resulting from the corrective action.

Records and records management

It is necessary for an organization to keep records to demonstrate compliance with legislative requirements and conformance to health and sa
external ( legal) and internal (health and safety performance) requirements, health and safety management plans, hazard identi cation, risk as
employee quali cation information, information about process, product equipment, equipment inspection, maintenance and calibration recor
incidents, complaints and follow-up action, information of emergency preparedness and response, audit results and management reviews.

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Health and safety management-system audit

Auditing is a systematic and structured method of verifying that activities conform with planned arrangements and monitors their e ectivenes
e ectively, regular reviews must be undertaken. The audit program and procedures should cover the following:

1.the activities and areas to be evaluated in audits

2.the frequency of audits

3. the responsibilities associated with managing and conducting audits

4.the communication of audit ndings

 5.auditor selection and competence

6. how audits will be conducted.

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