Mother tongue-based multilingual education
When the pupils
(mtb-mle)
Ten (10) Fundamental Requirements
according to
DepEd Order 74, s. 2009
1. A working orthography (alphabet
and spelling) for the local language
that is acceptable to the majority of
the stakeholders and promotes
intellectualization of that language.
2. Development, production and
distribution of inexpensive
instructional materials with special
priority to beginning reading and
children’s literature. As much as
possible, the materials should be
original, localized in terms of people,
events, realities and appropriate to
the language, age, and culture of the
learners.
3. The use of the learner’s first
language (L1) as the primary
medium of instruction from pre-
school until at least Grade 3. It shall
be the main vehicle to teach
understanding and mastery of the
subjects.
4. Mother Tongue or the first language
(L1) as a subject and a language for
teaching and learning will be
introduced in grade one for
conceptual understanding.
5. The inclusion of additional
languages such as Filipino or English
and other local or foreign languages
shall be introduced as separate
subjects in a carefully planned
pacing programs.
6. In the secondary level, Filipino and
English shall be the primary medium
of instruction (MOI). The learner’s
L1 shall still be utilized as an
auxiliary medium of instruction.
7. Other than English, Filipino or
Arabic for Madaris schools, the
choice of additional languages shall
be at the behest of parents and
endorsed by local stakeholders and
as resources permit.
are ready, Filipino and English shall
be gradually used as MOI no earlier
than grade three. However, L1 shall
be effectively used to scaffold
learning.
8. The Language of instruction
(teaching) shall also be the primary
language for testing in all regular
school-based and system-wide
examination and in all international
benchmarking and assessment
exercises. It shall be retained that the
focus of educational assessment shall
be specifically on the learner’s
understanding of the subject content
and not be muddled on language
testing.
9. There must be continuing in-service
training (INSET) in partnership with
MLE specialists on the effective use
of L1 as language of instruction
(teaching) to facilitate reading,
cognitive academic language
proficiency, and the development of
cognitive and higher order thinking
skills (HOTS) of the learners. INSET
shall likewise equip educators to
develop cultural sensitivity and
enhance appreciation for cultural and
linguistic diversity.
10. Ensuring critical awareness,
maximum participation, and support
from the Local Government Unit’s
(LGUs), parents, and community for
the implementation of the language
and literacy program strategy.
Module 1 - LEGAL BASES AND
BENEFITS OF TEACHING AND
LEARNING THE MOTHER TONGUE
 This module will inform you of the
necessity of the mother tongue as a
subject and as a language for
teaching and learning. Further you
will be derived from doing so. It will
enumerate the different provision of
the department of education order
74,s. 2009 as a policy that
 institutionalize mother tongue based-
Multilingual education ( MTBMLE )
in the country.
INSPIRE ONESELF
 Have you heard of mother tongue
Multilingual - Education ( MTBMLE
) before? What was the first language
which you uttered when you started
to talk ? English ? Tagalog? Ilokano?
Cebuano? Hiligaynon? Chabacano?
Bisaya? or other languages in the
philippines.
INCULCULATE CONCEPTS
 No less than the united nations
educational scientific cultural
organization ( UNESCO) advocates
the use of the mother tongue and
celebrates mother tongue day every
February 21 of each year the United
Nations, in its declaration of
education for all ( EFA ) has
included a provision on the use of
the mother tongue to preserve one's
heritage in the Jonmien Declaration.
The Benefits: Why Use the Mother
Tougue
BENEFITS OF MOTHER TONGUE
BASED- MULTILINGUAL
EDUCATION
Language
- Education begins with the use of the first
language of the learners, a language that
they understand.
- The macroskills in communication are
developed for effective meaning-making and
accuracy.
- School children will have a good language
bridge to the next language which is needed
to succeed in school and lifelong learning.
- The first language that children master
will provide a strong educational foundation.
Cognitive
- The first language becomes the language
of thinking, doing, applying, and creating.
- School children in the early years learn
beyond the who, what, when, and where and
progress to higher order thinking skills
because they use the first language.
Academic
- Beginning school learners express
themselves easily and freely.
- School learners participate actively in
class activities.
- Learners are able to process instruction
easily without doing mental translation.
- Beginning school learners academically
perform better than those using the second
or third language.
- Parents are more likely to participate in
the children’s learning.
- Teachers can easily scaffold the learning
of children.
Socio-Cultural
- School learners bring to the class
prior knowledge, lived experiences,
language, and culture.
- Lessons incorporate the best of
cultural values in arts, music,
literature, tradition, and others.
- The daily experiences of the learners are
included and developed in the various
concepts in the curriculum.
- Learners preserve their heritage and
culture.
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
 The method of human
communication
 System of words or signs
 System of communication
 Basic constitution of a person or
thing
FEATURES OF LANGUAGE
 Language is displacement
 Language is arbitrariness and
ONOMATOPOEIAS
 Language is productivity
 Language is duality
-The primary level consisting of the
units
- The secondary level consisting of
the elements
 Language is cultural transmition
STRUCTURE OF A LANGUAGE
The Phonological System
- is composed of speech sounds
• Segmental phonemes
• Suprasegmental phonemes
International Phonetic Alphabet
- The IPA is a universally established and
standardized set of codes or system that can
be used to represent the sounds of human
speech. It can be employed in transcribing
the speech sounds of any language.
 Vowel Phonemes
 Diphthongs and Triphthongs
 Consonant phonemes
The Morphological System
- studies the smallest unit of
meaning.
- free morpheme
e.g pencil, rain, study.
• bound morpheme
e.g -s in pencils, -ing in raining, -ied in
studied
The Syntactic System
- grammatical structure or the word order in
a language. - this expresses an idea or
content as captured by what the words mean.
Pragmatics
- - is a branch of linguistics which
studies those aspects of meaning
- - it deals with how the listeners
arrive at the intended meaning of
- the speakers.
- - it tries to explain how interlocutors
(speaker-listener) observe the
principles of communicating by
applying various language devices to
reach a common understanding.
7 Language function of young language
learners
1. Instrumental
- Children use language to express
his needs or to get things done.
e.g. I want my toy
2. Regulatory
- Children use language to influence
the behavior of others such as
persuading/ commanding/ ordering/
requesting others to do things.
e.g. Please give me the ball.
3. Interactional
- Children use language to develop
social relationships and facilitate the
process of interaction.
e.g. Will you play with me?
4. Personal
- Children use language to express
personal preferences and individual
identity.
e.g. I am going to be a minute
biologist when I gow up.
5. Representational
 - Children use language to convey  c.) If a word has three O or U sound,
information. They are concerned with the first and the second shall be U
relaying or requesting facts and and the last shall be O.
information.  d.) If the word has four O or U
sound, the first and three shall be U
e.g. I saw a green turtle in the and the fourth shall be O.
pond.  e.) The terminal letter O is changed
6. Heuristic to U when a suffix is added to the
word.
- Children use language to learn and
explore the environment to be able to Rule #3
understand it. This may be questions and  When a root word is repeated, the
answers. spelling is not changed.
e.g. What is the most Rule #4: Use and Non-use of Hyphen
dangerous shark?
 A.There should be a hyphen between
7. Imaginative a consonant and a vowel, only if it is
- Children use language to tell to avoid confusion.
stories, express fantasies, and to  b.) A hyphen is necessary between to
create an imaginary environment. These repeated words if they tell either
may accompany imaginary worlds or similarity or likeness, intensity, or
storytelling. repeated action.
 c.) A hyphen is necessary between
e.g. In a faraway place, there the prefix and a proper noun.
lived a hermit.  d.) A hyphen is used as a
replacement for a vowel that is
MODULE 4 – ORTHOGRAPHY
deleted.
LESSON 4.1: RULES IN SPELLING
 e.) A hyphen is used in some
What is Orthography ? compound words.

 Set of conventions for writing a RULE 5

language.
 Use of WA, WE, WI instead of ua,
 The art of writing words with the
ue, ui and YA, YE, YO instead of ia,
proper letters, according to accepted
ie, io in common nouns.
usage.
RULE 6
Rules in Spelling
Use of Prefixes
Rule #1
 a. The use of Prefixes
 Spelling should be in accordance
(a-,i-,al-,pala-,mala,hulo,dulo-, etc.)
with the phonetic sound of the word.
does not change the spelling of the
Rule #2: Use of O and U word.

 a.) If the first syllable of the word  b. The Prefix pang- or mang- when
has O or U sound, U is usually used. with words beginning in consonants
 b.) If the last syllable of the word has except g, h, m, n, r, w, y undergo
O or U sound, O is usually used. consonant change or assimilation.

RULE 7
Use of Infixes loudness, vowel length, pitch, or a
combination of these.
 The use of infixes (-in, -um, -ul, etc.)
does not change the spelling of the  Accent could use affect intended
word. meaning; hence, it should be used
appropriately.
RULE 8
 Amu(master) amu(that is it)
Use of Suffixes
 Panit(skin) panit(tuna)
 Some words ending in d when with
suffixes -a, -an/han, i, -on, -anay  Pala(shovel) pala (big pants)
change to r.
PHONETIC FEATURES OF A
SEGMENTAL PHONEMES LANGUAGE

Vowel Phonemes THE SOUNDS OF A LANGUAGE

 Are sounds produced by the The study of the phonology of a language is

articulators without any oral concerned with the way the words or
impediment. utterances are pronounced.

Consonant Phonemes Ancient forms of the baybayin

 Are the sounds that are produced

with certain oral impediment.
Stop- consonant phonemes
are completely blocked.
Ex. /p/ /b/
Lateral- partially blocked
Fricatives-Ex.the
/l/opening is
narrowNasals-
allowing
soundstheare
escape
THE ALPHABET
ofproduced
air with awith
friction.
the
-An alphabet is a standard set of letters or
airstreamEx.blocked
/f/ /v/ in the graphemes which is used to write or code
mouth but released ideas. The general rule is that the letters
through the nose.
Diphthongs represent the basic significant
sounds(phonemes) of the spoken language.
Ex. /m/
 Are sounds /n/as one
considered
distinctive vowel of a speech but In the past, the alibata was the representative
involves two vowels with one script of the Philippine languages.
gliding to the other phoneme.
PHONEMES
Triphthongs
-A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in
 On other hand consists of three a language which can distinguish meaning.
vowels and considered as a particular
For example: Sit /S/i/t
vowel of a speech sound.
Graphemes- represent a phoneme in writing.
Accent

 Accent refers to the emphasis given

to a syllable in a word by means of
English is often considered to have 44
phonemes with 20 vowels sounds and 24
consonant sounds.
Voiced Phonemes- when it is produced with
vibration in the vocal chords.
For example:
b - As more innovations are made or more
d create a label for ideas and concepts is also
g
Voiceless Phonemes- when it is produced
without vibration in the vocal chords.
For example:
p system consists of structured arrangement of
t can lead to larger units, words, sentences,
k
LESSON: 2.2
MY MOTHER TONGUE:
THE LANGUAGE I LEARN FIRST
MOTHER TONGUE- Is the language
which a person has grown up speaking from
early childhood.
Language- Is A structured system of
communication. Language, in a broader
sense, is the method of communication that
involves the use of – particularly human-
languages.
- You need to be equipped with an enhanced
understanding of the structures of your
mother tongue as a unique linguistic system
that specifically belongs to your rich cultural
heritage.
Language is dynamic
- The Philippines is a multilingual country.
All Philippines languages are Austronesian
languages and Hesperonesia( Western
Austronesian) languages.
- Language grows and may become extinct.
The dynamism of a language is made
possible by the speech community. If people
continue to use the language it will establish
its stability but it if members of a speech
minority would stop using their own
vernacular and slowly prefer to use another
language, their own language will slowly be
overpowered by the other.
ideas are conceptualized, the demand to
rising. Development in society requires
language to cope with its growth.
LANGUAGE AND DIALECT
- Language is defined as any particular
system of human communication. The
sounds and their written representations that
utterances.
- The Philippines is a multilingual country
and out of the big number of languages, the
Department of Education selected at least
eight mother tongues that can be used in
school.
- Languages are usually not spoken in
exactly the same way from one area to
another area in the country. Differences in
the way a language is spoken by different
people are described in terms of regional
and social variation.
- Dialect is a variety of a language spoken in
one part of country such as in a regional
dialect, or by people belonging to a
particular social class.
- The definition of language or dialect is a
bit problematic. seems to be no non-
arbitrary point where, for example
Hiligaynon gives way to kinaray-a. the best
way to distinguish one form the other is to
temporarily consider two reasons:
1. to label geographically the distinct
varieties; and
2.as a result of standardization.
- The Filipino learner of a languages has
been used to look at other languages from
the point of one who is learning English.
Just remember that a language is a linguistic
system and has its own peculiar set of
sounds, word structure, sentence structure
and semantics that are similar or far
different from other languages. The diversity
in situation where one is most engaged in
enriches his experience.