Rpkdtech PDF

A
Project Report
on
Remote Enabled Multi-Socket
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of
Diploma
in
Information Technology
by
Mr.Karan Dahiwale Exam Seat No:1607013

Mr.Sarang Mishra Exam Seat No:1607037
Mr.Vinay Shende Exam Seat No:1607052
Mr.Yash Suchak Exam Seat No:1607054
Under the guidance of

Prof.Lekhraj Vilhekar
Department of Information Technology
Government Polytechnic, Nagpur

An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra
Near Mangalwari Bazar,Sadar, Nagpur 440 001 (M.S.)
2017-2018
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Government Polytechnic, Nagpur

Near Mangalwari Bazar, Sadar, Nagpur 440 001 (M.S.)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled
Remote enabled Multi-Socket

Submitted by
Mr.Karan Dahiwale Exam Seat No:1607013
Mr.Sarang Mishra Exam Seat No:1607037
Mr.Vinay Shende Exam Seat No:1607052
Mr.Yash Suchak Exam Seat No:1607054
is a bonafide work carried out under the supervision of Prof.Lekhraj Vilhekar and it
is submitted towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement Government Polytechnic,
Nagpur for the award of the Diploma in Information Technology.
Prof.Lekhraj Vilhekar Dr.A R Mahajan

Guide-Lecturer, Head of the Department,
Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology
.
. Dr.C.S.Thorat
Seal/Stamp of the College Principal
Place: Govt.Poly.Nagpur
Date:April 14, 2019
Certificate by Guide
This is to certify that
Karan Dahiwale
Sarang Mishra
Vinay Shende
Yash Suchak
has completed the project work under my guidance and supervision and that, I have
verified the work for its originality in documentation, problem statement, implementation
and results presented in the dissertation. Any reproduction of other necessary work is
with the prior permission and has given due ownership and included in the references.
Place:Govt.Poly.Nagpur Signature of Guide

Date:April 14, 2019 Prof.Lekhraj Vilhekar
Acknowledgements
Today on completion of this project, the persons I need to thank the most who
have helped me throughout the making of this project dissertation and without whose
help the project would not have seen the light of the day.
Primarily, I submit my gratitude and sincere thanks to my guide Lekhraj Vil-
hekar (Lecturer, Information Technology), for his constant motivation and support
during the course of the work for project. I truly appreciate and value his esteemed guid-
ance and encouragement from the beginning to the end of this project. I am thankful to
our Head of the Department Dr.A R Mahajan and Lekhraj Vilhekar, (Project Co-
ordinator) for their unwavering moral support and motivation during the entire course
of the Project.
I would also like to thank our Principal C.S.Thorat who encouraged us and
created a healthy environment for all of us to learn in best possible way.
I would like to thank all the staff members of our college and technicians for their
help in making this project a successful one.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all my Friends and Family mem-
bers who have always been there to support and helped me to complete this project in
time.
Name of Student
SEM-VI Diploma In IT
i
Abstract
In recent year, a lot of research work has been proposed on routing

scheme in WSN. Remote excessing is one of the most promising techniques
due to its simplicity, scalability, and efficiency. Under many research and
development cell it has been noted that establishing the wireless sensor nodes
network and let them work as a cluster, but the major problem with wireless
sensor nodes cluster is monitoring of cluster head through wireless technology
has limitation of range. We focus on energy consumption problems in duty
cycle of node with forwarding mechanism. Proposed system is designed by
keeping the multipath broadcast methodology for data sinking for receiving
end. This will create multiple path for transferring data from sender to
receiver and every path and every node will be notified with the help of calling
mechanism. This will help in reducing the energy consumption problem,
improve efficiency and save energy.
ii
Contents
Acknowledgements i
Publications based on this Dissertation ii
Abstract iii
Notation and Abbreviations 5
1 Introduction 6
1.0.1 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.0.2 Expected Outcome of Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1 ACM Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Literature Survey 9
3 Software Requirements Specifications 12

3.1 Analysis Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.1 Data Flow Diagrams Level 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.2 Data Flow Diagrams Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.3 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 System Design 16
4.1 Flow of Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 UML Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2.1 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2.2 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2.3 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.4 State Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.5 Communication Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5 Technical Specifications 26
5.1 Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 SIM900 GSM/GPRS Module: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2.1 General features: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.3 HC12 - Long Range RF Wireless SERIAL Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.3.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1
CONTENTS
5.3.2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6 Software Programming. 43
6.1 Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.2 Slave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7 Result Snapshot 44
8 Project Images 45
References 49
A Related Work 50
Government Polytechnic Nagpur 2 Department of Information Technology

List of Figures
3.1 DFD Level 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.2 DFD Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1 Flow of Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.4 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.5 State Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.6 Communication Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1 ATmega328p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2 Arduino Nano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.3 Arduino Nano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.4 Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.5 SIM 900 GSM/GPRS module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.6 HC12 - Long Range RF Wireless SERIAL Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.1 Feedback Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

8.1 Master Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.2 Slave Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.3 Mastre in ON position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8.4 Slave in ON condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
A.1 Paper Publication certificate 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A.2 Paper Publication certificate 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3
List of Tables
4
Notation and Abbreviations
RF Radio Frequency
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
IDE Integrated Development Environment
DTMF Dual Tone Multi-frequency
SMPS Switched mode power supply
GSM Global System for mobile communication
5
Chapter 1
Introduction
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sen-

sors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pres-
sure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.
The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity.
The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such
as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer
applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitor-
ing, and so on. Recent times WSN are gaining popularity in various application domains
like, Health care monitoring, Home and commercial monitoring, Industrial and transport
monitoring, etc. Many organizations are developing a proprietary technology to imple-
ment a WSN to provide a wide range access to WSN network from remote location.
The RF is a highly integrated, ultra-low power (ULP) 2Mbps transceiver IC

for the 2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. With peak RX/TX cur-
rents lower than 14mA, a sub �A power down mode, advanced power management, and
a 1.9 to 3.6V supply range, the RF provides a true ULP solution enabling months to
years of battery lifetime when running on coin cells or AA/AAA batteries. The radio
transmitters and receivers include frequency generator, enhanced Shock Burst mode con-
troller, power amplifier, crystal oscillator modulator and demodulator. You can select
the output power channel and protocol by setting through the SPI port.
6
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
The current consumption for the RF is extremely low - under the transmitter
mode, when the transmitting power is 0dBm, the current consumption is less; under the
receiving mode, it is 13.5mA; under the power down and idle mode, the consumption is
even lower.
DTMF (dual tone multi frequency) is the signal to the phone company that
you generate when you press an ordinary telephones touch keys. In the United States
and perhaps elsewhere, its known as ”Touchtone” phone (formerly a registered trade-
mark of ATnT). DTMF has generally replaced loop disconnect (”pulse”) dialling. With
DTMF, each key you press on your phone generates two tones of specific frequencies. So
that a voice cant imitate the tones, one tone is generated from a high-frequency group
of tones and the other from a low frequency group.
1.0.1 Proposed System
Following system consist of Master and Slave architecture where master node
has GSM , Arduino Uno and RF module and slave with Rf, SMPS, Arduino Nano, Re-
lay module. Master node will command to slave and accordingly slave will perform the
process. Master will establish communication with node through a call using GSM. This
will decide the limit at the node and will operate at that time period saving the energy
consumption. This system will help to reduce the extra usage of energy.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.0.2 Expected Outcome of Proposed System
As the proper sleep scheduling provides benefits of energy saving and transfer
efficiency hence following points are expected from the proposed system,
• Multiple path and broadcast methodology will give 100% data transfer accuracy
• Every path and every node will switch to sleep and wake state one after another
way .
• Reduce data flooding by decreasing the data receiving density at receiving end .
1.1 ACM Keywords
• WSN: Wireless Sensor Network
• DTMF: Dual Tone Multifrequency
• RF: Radio Frequency

Chapter 2
Literature Survey
The digital world is expanding rapidly. A survey and forecast of worldwide infor-
mation growth is worth consideration. The concept of relative validity index to estimate
the best value for the number of clusters is used.
1]Shubham Magar, Varsha Saste, Ashwini Lahane, Sangram Konde, Supriya

Madne, Smart Home Automation By Gsm Using Android Application.
The Home automation plays an important role in modern lifestyle because of

its access in using at different places with high quality which will intern save time by
decreasing human work automatically. The home automation is electric devices stand
alone and do not communicate; it is programmable, such as sensors remote controller
and communication system. Home automation use for electronic control devices remotely
and automatically. This technology is focused on control household appliances like light,
fan, AC, etc. automatically. In uncomfortable condition, it is useful for old aged and
handicapped person. We have proposed a home appliances control in automation using
GSM. The overall design of smart Home Automation system with low cost and wireless
system. So the ON/OFF process of home appliances can be done remotely.
9
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2]Shiu Kumar, Seong Ro Lee, Android Based Smart Home System with
Control via Bluetooth and Internet Connectivity.
Automation plays an important role in today’s human life and people’s life
is gradually changing with smart living due to modern technology development and An-
droid Smartphone. This paper presents a low-cost Smart Living System, which uses
Android based User Interface for control of home appliances. Connection to the smart
living system can be made from the designed app via Bluetooth or internet connection.
It also integrates home security and alert system. The proposed smart home system and
the smart home app has been successfully developed and tested. Devices such as light
switches, temperature sensors, gas sensors, motion detection sensors and alarms have
been integrated in the system to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness. Features
such as low cost, user authentication, voice activation, security and surveillance, and
automatic control make the proposed system unique.
3]Mohamed Abd El-Latif Mowad, Ahmed Fathy, Ahmed Hafez, Smart

Home Automated Control System Using Android Application and Micro-
controller.
Smart Home System (SHS) is a dwelling incorporating a communications net-
work that connects the electrical appliances and services allowing them to be remotely
controlled, monitored or accessed. SHS includes different approaches to achieve multiple
objectives range from enhancing comfort in daily life to enabling a more independent life
for elderly and handicapped people. In this paper, the main four fields for SHS which
are, home automation and remote monitoring, environmental monitoring, including hu-
midity, temperature, fault tracking and management and finally the health monitoring
have been considered.

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The system design is based on the Microcontroller MIKRO C software; mul-

tiple passive and active sensors and also a wireless internet services which is used in
different monitoring and control processes .This paper presents the hardware imple-
mentation of a multiplatform control system for house automation and combines both
hardware and software technologies. The system results shows that it can be classified
as a comfortable, secure, private, economic and safe system in addition to its great flex-
ibility and reliability.
4]Vahid Hassanpour, Sedighe Rajabi, Zeinab Shayan, Zahra Hafezi, Mo-

hammad Mehdi Arefi, Low-Cost Home Automation Using Arduino and Mod-
bus Protocol.
Smart home creates the environment that maximizes the quality of life beside the
efficient use of energy resources and provides the energy management systems (EMS).
Since the energy crisis is a global problem, home automation should be pervasive all
around the world as an important component in reducing energy and using renewable
energy. One of the fundamental issues in home automation is the cost of automation.
Thereby reducing the cost of automation is an important concern in the world. In this
paper, a low-cost home automation system based on Arduino microcontroller has been
introduced that works with Modbus protocol. In this paper we first give the definition of
smart home and home automation. After that, more about the most popular protocols
used in home automation were explained. Then we introduced our low-cost system for
home automation that was based on Arduino microcontroller and the way it has been
controlled by network communications and Modbus industrial protocol.

Chapter 3
Software Requirements
Specifications
System Features
• Faster Analysis.
• Save Time.
• Efficiency.
Hardware Interfaces
• Arduino Uno
• Arduino Nano
• Relay
• SMPS
• HC-12 transceiver module
Software Interfaces
• Arduino IDE
12
CHAPTER 3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Analysis Models
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the ”flow” of data

through an information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a prelimi-
nary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs
can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).
3.1.1 Data Flow Diagrams Level 0
Figure 3.1: DFD Level 0

3.1.2 Data Flow Diagrams Level 1
Figure 3.2: DFD Level 1

3.1.3 Class Diagram
Class diagram show set of classes interfaces and their relationship. Class diagram
show static design of system. Class diagram is just special kind of diagram and shares
the same common properties as do all other diagram.
Figure 3.3: Class Diagram

Chapter 4
System Design
4.1 Flow of Proposed System
Figure 4.1: Flow of Proposed System
16
CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN
Following system consist of Master and Slave architecture where master node
has GSM , Arduino Uno and RF module and slave with Rf, SMPS, Arduino Nano, Re-
lay module. Master node will command to slave and accordingly slave will perform the
process. Master will establish communication with node through a call using GSM. This
will decide the limit at the node and will operate at that time period saving the energy
consumption. This system will help to reduce the extra usage of energy.
Expected Outcome:
As the proper sleep scheduling provides benefits of energy saving and transfer
efficiency hence following points are expected from the proposed system,
• Multiple path and broadcast methodology will give 100% data transfer accuracy.
• Every path and every node will switch to sleep and wake state one after another
way .
• Reduce data flooding by decreasing the data receiving density at receiving end.

4.2 UML Diagrams
UML stands for unified modelling language. It represents a unification of the con-
cepts and notations. UML creates a common language for creating models of object
oriented computer software. It is a standard way for system representation and inter-
action. It describes the objects, attributes, and relationships necessary to represent the
concepts of UML within a software application.

4.2.1 Use Case Diagram
Use-case diagram is used to define functions of the system and to capture and
analyse the functional requirements of an application system. A use case model is a
collection of use cases which specify the behaviour of a system.
Figure 4.2: Use Case Diagram

4.2.2 Sequence Diagram
Sequence diagram figure shows an event in the system that causes each object to
interact with each other. The diagram below shows the order in which the functions
are called. It also shows the period of the function that a particular class is active. A
sequence diagram emphasizes the time ordering of message.

Figure 4.3: Sequence Diagram

4.2.3 Activity Diagram
An activity diagram show the flow of activity to activity. Activity diagram is just
special kind of diagram and shares the same common properties as do all other diagram.
Activity diagram commonly contain activity state and action states,transition,object.
Activity diagrams are used to model the behaviors of a system, and the way in which
these behaviors are related in an overall flow of the system

Figure 4.4: Activity Diagram

4.2.4 State Diagram
A state diagram show a state machine,emphasizing the flow of control from state to state.
State is a condition or situation in the life of an object during which it satisfies some
condition. Perform some activity or waits for some event. Event is the specification of
significant occurrence that has location in time and space. State diagram is just special
kind of diagram and shares the same common properties as do all other diagram
Figure 4.5: State Diagram

4.2.5 Communication Diagram
Figure 4.6: Communication Diagram

Chapter 5
Technical Specifications
Arduino IDE
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcon-
troller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
both physically and digitally. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General
Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License(GPL),[1] permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards
are available commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The
boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The
boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB)
on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The
microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the program-
ming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the
Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the
Processing language project.
26
CHAPTER 5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the Inter-
action Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy,[2] aiming to provide a low-cost and easy
way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment
using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner
hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.
The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders
of the project used to meet. The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the
margrave of the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.
Data Collection / Tools / Platforms
Hardware Components
Microcontroller Atmega328p:-
Overview:
The ATmega 328P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR
enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle,
the ATmega328P achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the sys-
tem designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.

Pin Diagram
Figure 5.1: ATmega328p

Pin Description:
• VCC: Digital supply voltage.
• GND: Ground.
• Port B: (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (se-
lected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive character-
istics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up. Resistors are activated. The
Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock
is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as
input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output
from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
is used as chip clock source, PB7.6 is used as TOSC2 input for the Asynchronous
Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.
Port C (PC5:0):
Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (se-
lected for each bit). The PC5.0 output buffers have symmetrical drive character-
istics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The
Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock
is not running.

PC6/RESET:
If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note

that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port
C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is not programmed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low
level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset,
even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in Table 28-3
on page 308. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a Reset.
Port D (PD7:0):
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (se-
lected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive character-
istics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The
Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock
is not running.
AVCC:
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6.
It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC
is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6.4
use digital supply voltage, VCC.
AREF:
AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

ADC7.6:
For TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only In the TQFP and QFN/MLF pack-
age, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter. These pins are powered
from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.
Features:
• High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture –131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle
Execution
• 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
• Fully Static Operation
• Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
• On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments – 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System

Self-Programmable Flash program memory (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
• Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
• Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C
• Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
• In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
• True Read-While-Write Operation
• Programming Lock for Software Security

Peripheral Features:
• Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
• One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture
Mode
• Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
• Six PWM Channels
• 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
• 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package
• Programmable Serial USART
• Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
• Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2C compatible)
• Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
Special Microcontroller Features:

• Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
• Internal Calibrated Oscillator
• External and Internal Interrupt Sources
• Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby,
and Extended Standby.

I/O and Packages:
• 23 Programmable I/O Lines
• 28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF.
Operating Voltage:
• 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Temperature Range:
• -40°C to 85°C.
Arduino Nano
Figure 5.2: Arduino Nano

It is a Microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc and based on At-

mega328p / Atmega168. Arduino boards are widely used in robotics, embedded systems,
and electronic projects where automation is an essential part of the system. These boards
were introduced for the students and people who come with no technical background.
Any kind of support and help is readily available by the Arduino community
that is too easy to approach and sets you free from depending on others that may cost
you bunch of dollars.
Pinout, working, applications
Figure 5.3: Arduino Nano

5.1 Relay
Figure 5.4: Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet

to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as
solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate
low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first
relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal
coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits
with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays
with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used

to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems
these functions are performed by digital instruments still called ”protective relays”. A
relay is used to switch on a high powered circuit with a small current Magnetic latching
relays require one pulse of coil power to move their contacts in one direction, and another,
redirected pulse to move them back. Repeated pulses from the same input have no effect.
Magnetic latching relays are useful in applications where interrupted power should not
be able to transition the contacts.
5.2 SIM900 GSM/GPRS Module:
The SIM900 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module

which can be embedded in the customer applications. Featuring an industry-standard
interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for
voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor and with low power consumption.
With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm, SIM900 can fit almost all the
space requirements in your M2M application, especially for slim and compact demand
of design.
Figure 5.5: SIM 900 GSM/GPRS module

SIM 900 is designed with a very powerful single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-
S Core Quad - band GSM/GPRS module with a size of 24mmx24mmx3mm SMT type
suit for customer application. An embedded Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack, based
upon mature and field-proven platform, backed up by our support service, from definition
to design and production.
5.2.1 General features:
• Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz.
• GPRS multi-slot class 10/8
• GPRS mobile station class B
• Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+
• Class 4 (2 W @850/ 900 MHz)
• Class 1 (1 W @ 1800/1900MHz)
• Dimensions: 24* 24 * 3 mm
• Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Com-
mands)
• SIM application toolkit
• Supply voltage range 3.4 ... 4.5 V
• Low power consumption
• Operation temperature: -30 °C to +80 °C

Specifications for data:
• GPRS class 10: max. 85.6 kbps (downlink)
• PBCCH support
• Coding schemes CS 1, 2, 3, 4
• CSD up to 14.4 kbps
• USSD
• Non transparent mode
• PPP-stack
Specifications for SMS via GSM/ GPRS
• Point-to-point MO and MT
• SMS cell broadcast
• Text and PDU mode
Interfaces:
• Interface to external SIM 3V/ 1.8V
• analog audio interface
• RTC backup
• SPI interface
• Serial interface
• Antenna pad
• I2C
• GPIO
• PWM
• ADC

Compatibility:
• AT cellular command interface

5.3 HC12 - Long Range RF Wireless SERIAL Module
Figure 5.6: HC12 - Long Range RF Wireless SERIAL Module
HC-12 wireless serial port communication module is a new-generation mul-

tichannel embedded wireless data transmission module. Its wireless working frequency
band is 433.4-473.0MHz, multiple channels can be set, with the stepping of 400 KHz, and
there are totally 100 channels. The maximum transmitting power of module is 100mW
(20dBm), the receiving sensitivity is -117dBm at baud rate of 5,000bps in the air, and
the communication distance is 1,000m in open space.

There is MCU inside the module, and user don’t need to program the module
separately, and all transparent transmission mode is only responsible for receiving and
sending serial port data, so it is convenient to use. The module adopts multiple serial port
transparent transmission modes, and user could select them by AT command according
to use requirements.
The average working current of three modes FU1, FU2 and FU3 in idle state
is 80�a, 3.6mA an 16mA respectively, and the maximum working current is 100mA (in
transmitting state). This module can not work individually, at least 2 pcs would be
needed to create the communication. Please also note that this module do not work
with the 434Mhz Serial RF Module HC-1.
5.3.1 Features
• Long-distance wireless transmission (1,000m in open space/baud rate 5,000bps in

the air)
• Working frequency range (433.4-473.0MHz, up to 100 communication channels)
• Maximum 100mW (20dBm) transmitting power (8 gears of power can be set)
• Three working modes, adapting to different application situations
• Built-in MCU, performing communication with external device through serial port
• The number of bytes transmitted unlimited to one time
5.3.2 Specification
• Working frequency: 433.4MHz to 473.0MHz
• Supply voltage: 3.2V to 5.5VDC
• Communication distance: 1,000m in the open space
• Serial baud rate: 1.2Kbps to 115.2Kbps�default 9.6Kbps�
• Receiving sensitivity: -117dBm to -100dBm
• Transmit power: -1dBm to 20dBm

• Interface protocol: UART/TTL
• Operating temperature: -40℃ to +85℃
• Dimensions: 27.8mm x 14.4mm x 4mm

Chapter 6
Software Programming.
6.1 Master
6.2 Slave
43
Chapter 7
Result Snapshot
Figure 7.1: Feedback Message
44
Chapter 8
Project Images
Figure 8.1: Master Image
45
CHAPTER 8. PROJECT IMAGES
Figure 8.2: Slave Image

Figure 8.3: Mastre in ON position

Figure 8.4: Slave in ON condition

References
[1] Shubham Magar, Varsha Saste, Ashwini Lahane, Sangram Konde, Supriya Madne,
Smart Home Automation By Gsm Using Android Application.
[2] Shiu Kumar, Seong Ro Lee, Android Based Smart Home System with Control via
Bluetooth and Internet Connectivity.
[3] Mohamed Abd El-Latif Mowad, Ahmed Fathy, Ahmed Hafez, Smart Home
Automated Control System Using Android Application and Microcontroller.
[4] Vahid Hassanpour, Sedighe Rajabi, Zeinab Shayan, Zahra Hafezi, Mohammad
Mehdi Arefi, Low-Cost Home Automation Using Arduino and Modbus Protocol.
[5] http://genave.com/dtmf/
”This is an ideal website which includes all the information regarding dual tone
multifrequency.”
[6] http://www.ni.com/white-paper/7142/en/-
”This is a website for detailed information of wireless sensor network.”
[7] https://randomnerdtutorials.com/nrf24l01-2-4ghz-rf-transceiver-module-with-
arduino/
”This is a website of trans receiver module
49
Appendix A
Related Work
1. Paper Published with title ”‘Optimum cluster labeling and Document Clustering
for Forensic Analysis”’ in International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends
in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC) .
Figure A.1: Paper Publication certificate 1
50
APPENDIX A. RELATED WORK
2. Presented and Published Paper with Titled ”‘Document Clustering And Automatic
Cluster Summarization:An Approach for Improving Computer Inspection”’cPGCON-
2015,Nashik MET Bhujbal Knowledge City, MET Institute of Engineering Nashik.
Figure A.2: Paper Publication certificate 2

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A

Remote Enabled Multi-Socket

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the

Mr.Karan Dahiwale Exam Seat No:1607013

Under the guidance of

Department of Information Technology

Government Polytechnic, Nagpur

Government Polytechnic, Nagpur

Remote enabled Multi-Socket

Prof.Lekhraj Vilhekar Dr.A R Mahajan

This is to certify that

Place:Govt.Poly.Nagpur Signature of Guide

In recent year, a lot of research work has been proposed on routing

Publications based on this Dissertation ii

Notation and Abbreviations 5

3 Software Requirements Specifications 12

Government Polytechnic Nagpur 2 Department of Information Technology

3.1 DFD Level 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7.1 Feedback Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sen-

The RF is a highly integrated, ultra-low power (ULP) 2Mbps transceiver IC

1.0.1 Proposed System

Government Polytechnic Nagpur 7 Department of Information Technology

1.0.2 Expected Outcome of Proposed System

1.1 ACM Keywords

• WSN: Wireless Sensor Network

• DTMF: Dual Tone Multifrequency

• RF: Radio Frequency

Government Polytechnic Nagpur 8 Department of Information Technology

1]Shubham Magar, Varsha Saste, Ashwini Lahane, Sangram Konde, Supriya

The Home automation plays an important role in modern lifestyle because of

3]Mohamed Abd El-Latif Mowad, Ahmed Fathy, Ahmed Hafez, Smart

Government Polytechnic Nagpur 10 Department of Information Technology

The system design is based on the Microcontroller MIKRO C software; mul-

4]Vahid Hassanpour, Sedighe Rajabi, Zeinab Shayan, Zahra Hafezi, Mo-

Government Polytechnic Nagpur 11 Department of Information Technology

• HC-12 transceiver module

3.1 Analysis Models

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the ”flow” of data

3.1.1 Data Flow Diagrams Level 0

Figure 3.1: DFD Level 0

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3.1.2 Data Flow Diagrams Level 1

Figure 3.2: DFD Level 1

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3.1.3 Class Diagram

Figure 3.3: Class Diagram

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4.1 Flow of Proposed System

Figure 4.1: Flow of Proposed System

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4.2 UML Diagrams

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4.2.1 Use Case Diagram

Figure 4.2: Use Case Diagram

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4.2.2 Sequence Diagram

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Figure 4.3: Sequence Diagram

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4.2.3 Activity Diagram

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Figure 4.4: Activity Diagram