Pathophysiology

Personal Risk Causative Environmental

Factors agent’s virulence Risk Factors
factors

Microbes enter the lungs Microbes enter the stomach through the oral
through: route by ingestion of infected substance
- Inhalation
- Microaspiration Intestinal colonization and
- Macroaspiraton cellular adherance
- Hematogenous
- Direct inoculation
- Activation of Mucosal invasion Toxin release
dormant infection
Villous cell destuction Cytotoxin/enterotoxin
Production of Cytokines Interleukin 1B by the
Activation of defense mechanism
WBC when it comes in contact with the
pathogen Impaired sodium
Immune cells attack Stimulate chloride
absoprtion secretion
Loss effectiveness of the
defense mechanism
Inflammation and edema Symptoms:
of the lungs
- Diarrhea
Multiplication of the pathogen
- Vomitting
- Abdominal Pain

Consolidation of the lungs In viral pneumonia, ciliated

 Fever which causes neurons
to be excited

Causes Hyperventilation increase

blood pH which excite neurons
more

Convulsions:

- Uncontrollable muscle
spasm
- Confusion
- Drooling No treatment of lifestyle
- Sudden shaking of the Treatment: changes Diagnostic tests:
body - Chest radiograph
- Adherence to prescribed - Blood culture
antimicrobial or antiviral - Sputum culture
medications - Polymerase chain
- Aspirin, Non-steroidal Worsening of signs and reactin
symptoms - Gram stain
Inflammatory drugs - Bronchoalveolar lavage
(NSAIDs), or - X-ray