Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members

4.1 to 4.3 Introduction 4.1 to 4.3 Introduction

• In SM 224 we introduced the concepts of • Examples of Axially-Deformation Members

Lesson 1:  Normal stress, Extensional strain, Hooke’s Law (Stress –
Strain behaviour)
Axially Loaded Members:
Definition of Axial Deformation
• A straight longitudinal structural member under goes axial
deformation when subjected to loads or temperature changes if;

Chapter(s) covered: 1. The axis of the member remains straight

4.1 to 4.3 (M of M)
2. The cross section of the member remains plane, remains
perpendicular to the axis, and does not rotate about the axis
as the element deforms

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 Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members
4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation 4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation 4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation

• Formal Approach • Geometry of Deformation (Strain-Displacement Analysis) • Material Behaviour

– Relationship between strain (ε) and displacement u(x) • From SM 224 (Chapter 2), we know from Hooke’s law
• Geometry of Deformation (Strain-Displacement Analysis)
– Relationship between strain (ε) and displacement u(x)
   x  E   (x) Hooke’s law

   x (x) 
du
  Final Length - Initial Length
Initial Length
dx
• Valid for
• Material Behaviour
e  u(L) - u(0) – Linear elastic behaviour
   x  E   (x) Hooke’s law – Temperature remains constant
L
– Stresses in Y and Z directions = 0; i.e. uniaxial stress
e    (x) dx
• Equilibrium (Axial Force applied)
0

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 Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members
4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation 4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation 4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation

• Material Behaviour: Stress Resultant • Material Behaviour: Stress Resultant • Material Behaviour: Stress Resultant
• Deformable body mechanics problems are simplified
F(x)   σ dA
A

– 3D problem to 1D problem • If E = constant, then  and ε strain distribution is constant over

M Y (x)   z σ dA
A
the cross section

Axial Force is always taken

positive in tension.
M Z (x)  -  y σ dA
F(x)  σ(x)  dA
A
 σ(x)  A(x)
A Remember

If, stress distribution on

M Y (x)  σ(x)  z dA  σ(x)  z  A(x) z dA  z A
cross section is known A
Bending Moments, MY and A

MZ are positive according to

the right hand rule. σ(x )  E   (x)
M Z (x)  - σ(x)  y dA  - σ(x)  y  A(x) y
A
dA  y A
A

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 Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members
4.1 to 4.3 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation 4.1 to 4.3 Structures With Uniform Axial Deformation Members 4.1 to 4.3 Structures With Uniform Axial Deformation Members

• Equilibrium (Axial Force applied) • Uniform Axial Deformation Element (Bar element) • Uniform Axial Deformation Element (Bar element)

F L
• Equilibrium obtained by considering e 
A  E
internal forces F(x) to external forces (P)

L f = flexibility coefficient
if f  ; then e  f  F
• Draw a Free Body Diagram of Finite 
  F(x)  0 : F(x )  F  Constant A  E
Length as shown L
e    (x) dx
0
L L
F(x) dx F F L A  E
e  
0
A(x)  E

A E
 
0
dx 
A E
if k 
L
; then F  k  e k = stiffness coefficient

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 Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members Lesson 1: Axially Loaded Members
4.1 to 4.3 Structures With Uniform Axial Deformation Members 4.1 to 4.3 Structures With Uniform Axial Deformation Members

The pin-jointed truss consisting of

• Problem
three aluminum-alloy members,
A each having a cross sectional area
of 1.5cm2 and a modulus of elasticity
B
of 70 GPa. If a vertical load
P = 10 kN hangs as indicated, what
1.2m
is the vertical displacement, uC, of
P the roller at C.

Angles ACB = 300 and CAB = 600.

C

NB: Prokon Solution