Cantilever or Restrained Retaining Wall Design Calculations

O rgani zat ion:

Project Name:
Design by:
Job #:
Wall Type:
Dat e: 13/03/2020

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 Input Parameters
General Data Stem Section Design - Top
Units SI Stem Type Concrete
Rebar/CMU Standard USA Concrete Strength (f'c) 21,00 MPa
Number of stem sections 3 Wall Height 1,353 m
Top Restrained No Stem Width 200,0 mm
Abutment Wall Yes Axial Live Load 0 kN/m
Stem Calculations Only No Axial Dead Load 0 kN/m
Wall on Grade Beam / Drilled Pier No Axial LoadOffset 0,0 mm
Concrete Unit Weight 24 kN/m^3 Reinforcement - Vertical
Bar Strength (Fy) 420,00 MPa Vert. Bar Size Heel Side #5
Parapet Height 0,000 m Vert. Spacing Heel Side 457 mm
Wind Pressure 0,718 kN/m^2 Bar Cover 75,0 mm
Groundwater (from top of stem) 4,560 m Vert. Bar Size Toe Side #4
Full Ht. Distr. Loading 0,000 kN/m Vert. Spacing Toe Side 400 mm
From Un. Vert. Surch. 0,000 kN/m Reinforcement -Horizontal
SiloEffect (Limited Backfill) No Horiz. Bar Size Heel Side #4
Horiz. Spacing Heel Side 400 mm
Load Factors Horiz. Bar Size Toe Side #4
Live Load Factor 1,60 Horiz. Spacing Toe Side 400 mm
Dead Load Factor 1,20
Surcharge Load Factor 1,60 Stem Section Design - Middle

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Seismic Load Factor 1,00 Stem Type Concrete
Mom. Strength Reduction 0,90 Concrete Strength (f'c) 21,00 MPa
Shear Strength Reduction 0,75 Wall Height 1,353 m
Stem Width 300,0 mm
Backfill Soils Axial Live Load 0 kN/m
Rankine Method Axial Dead Load 0 kN/m
Soil Friction Angle 30,0 degrees Axial LoadOffset 0,0 mm
Soil-Wall Friction Angle 0,0 degrees Reinforcement - Vertical
Backfill Slope Angle
Backwall Inclination Ang.
Soil Cohesion
Soil/Rock Unit Weight
Allow. BearingCapacity
M 0,0 degrees
90,0 degrees
0,000 kN/m^2
18,0 kN/m^3
120,0 kN/m^2
Vert. Bar Size Heel Side
Vert. Spacing Heel Side
Bar Cover
Vert. Bar Size Toe Side
Vert. Spacing Toe Side
#5
102 mm
75,0 mm
#4
102 mm
Uniform Vert. Surcharge 0,00 kN/m^2 Reinforcement -Horizontal
Wall Height (Stem+Foot.) 4,560 m Horiz. Bar Size Heel Side #4
2013 Mikola/Sitar Horiz. Spacing Heel Side 152 mm
Seismic Kh 0,000 g Horiz. Bar Size Toe Side #4
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Overconsol. Ratio (OCR) 1,00 Horiz. Spacing Toe Side 152 mm

Passive Soils Stem Section Design - Bottom

Sliding Friction Coefficient 0,33 Stem Type Concrete
Passive Slope Angle 0,00 degrees Concrete Strength (f'c) 21,00 MPa
Soil Cohesion 30,000 kN/m^2 Wall Height 1,353 m
Soil/Rock Unit Weight 19,00 kN/m^3 Stem Width 400,0 mm
Ignore Passive Ht. 0,500 m Axial Live Load 0 kN/m
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Passive F.S. 1,25 Axial Dead Load 0 kN/m

F.S. on Sliding Fri.Coeff. 1,25 Axial LoadOffset 0,0 mm
Reinforcement - Vertical
GlobalStability of a Vertical Cut - Not Used Vert. Bar Size Heel Side #5
Vert. Spacing Heel Side 310 mm
Bar Cover 75,0 mm
Stem BarsDevelopment Default
Vert. Bar Size Toe Side #4
Vert. Spacing Toe Side 457 mm
Stem BarsDevelopment Default
Reinforcement -Horizontal
Horiz. Bar Size Heel Side #4
Horiz. Spacing Heel Side 203 mm
Horiz. Bar Size Toe Side #4
Horiz. Spacing Toe Side 305 mm

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Footing Dimensions Base Shear Keyway - Not Used
Heel Width 1,800 m
Stem Width Bottom 0,400 m HeelReinforcement
Toe Width 0,500 m Bar Size #5
Footing Thickness 0,500 m Bar Spacing 203 mm
Tot. Footing Width 2,700 m Bar Cover 75,0 mm
Soil Cover Above Toe 0,000 m
Concrete Strength (f'c) 21,00 MPa ToeReinforcement
Sliding Restraint at the Toe No Bar Size #5
Ignore Soil Cover at the Toe Yes Bar Spacing 203 mm
Bar Cover 75,0 mm
Foundation Setback - Not Used
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
S & T Bar Size #4
Nr of Bars Bottom 3
Nr of Bars Top 7

Footing Settlement
Poisson's ratio 0,35
Elastic Soil Modulus 33516 kN/m^2
Vert. Subgrade Modulus 31416 kN/m^3

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 Analysis and Design Results
Earth Pressures Stem Sections - Top
Active Earth PressureCoeff. 0,333 Flexure
PassiveResistance Coeff. 2,040 Moment Demand (Mu) 3,5 kN-m/m
Earth Press. - Horiz. Comp. 62,3 kN/m MomentCapacity (PhiMn) 31,1 kN-m/m
Earth Press. - Vert. Comp. 0,0 kN/m Reinforcement - Vertical
Uniform Surcharge Comp. 0,0 kN/m Rho Min. Vertical 0,0018
Passive Resist. Comp. 18,3 kN/m Rho Max. Vertical 0,0155
Opposing Keyway Press. (1807.2.1) 0,0 kN/m Actual Rho Vertical 0,0038
Equiv. Fluid Pressure Active 6,0 kN/m^3 Vert. Heel Side Steel Bar Used #5 @ 457,0 mm
Equiv. Fluid Resistance Passive 31,0 kN/m^3 Vert. Toe Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 400,0 mm
Seismic Pressure Component 0,0 kN/m Area of Steel - Vertical 231,7 mm^2
Sliding Friction Coefficient 0,29 Reinforcement -Horizontal
Rho Min. Horizontal 0,0018
Retaining Wall Stability Rho Max. Horizontal 0,0155
Overturning F.S. Results Actual Rho Horizontal 0,0032
Overturning Moment 94,742 kN-m/m Horiz. Heel Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 400,0 mm
Resisting Moment 297,826 kN-m/m Horiz. Toe Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 400,0 mm
F.S. against Overturning 3,14 Area of Steel - Horizontal 196,6 mm^2
Sliding F.S. Results Shear
Sliding Force 62,33 kN/m Shear Demand (Vu) 8 kN/m
Resisting Force 106,89 kN/m ShearCapacity (PhiVn) 67 kN/m

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F.S. against Sliding 1,71
Stem Sections - Middle
Footing Pressures Flexure
Resultant Loc. from Toe, e 1,052 m Moment Demand (Mu) 30,8 kN-m/m
Resultant in middle third MomentCapacity (PhiMn) 202,9 kN-m/m
Toe Bearing Pressure 118,8 kN/m^2 Reinforcement - Vertical
Heel Bearing Pressure 24,2 kN/m^2 Rho Min. Vertical 0,0018
Rho Max. Vertical 0,0155
Foundation Setback - Not Used

Surcharge Loads
Strip Load Does Not Apply
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Setback Does Not Apply whenPassive Slope Angle >= 0
Actual Rho Vertical
Vert. Heel Side Steel Bar Used
Vert. Toe Side Steel Bar Used
Area of Steel - Vertical
Reinforcement -Horizontal
0,0108
#5 @ 102,0 mm
#4 @ 102,0 mm
983,2 mm^2

Line Load Does Not Apply Rho Min. Horizontal 0,0018

Point Load Does Not Apply Rho Max. Horizontal 0,0155
Total Lateral Thrust 0,00 kN/m Actual Rho Horizontal 0,0056
Total Resultant from Stem Top 0,000 m Horiz. Heel Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 152,4 mm
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Horiz. Toe Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 152,4 mm
Footing Settlement Area of Steel - Horizontal 516,1 mm^2
Average Bearing Pressure 82,9 kN/m^2 Shear
Distortion Settlement 12,4 mm Shear Demand (Vu) 34 kN/m
Consolidation Settlement 17,0 mm ShearCapacity (PhiVn) 124 kN/m
Total Settlement 29,5 mm
Excessive - resize footing
Stronger soil over weaker layer orvice-versa are not considered
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Stem Sections - Bottom Base Shear Keyway - Not Used
Flexure
Moment Demand (Mu) 107,0 kN-m/m BarDevelopment
MomentCapacity (PhiMn) 107,3 kN-m/m Heel into toe 547 mm
Reinforcement - Vertical Toe into heel 421 mm
Rho Min. Vertical 0,0018 Bottom stem into footing 245 mm
Rho Max. Vertical 0,0155 Middle stem into bottom stem 711 mm
Actual Rho Vertical 0,0023 Top stem into middle stem 711 mm
Vert. Heel Side Steel Bar Used #5 @ 310,0 mm Bottom stem bar leg length 254 mm
Vert. Toe Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 457,0 mm
Area of Steel - Vertical 282,7 mm^2 Stem - Top ofFooting Shear Key
Reinforcement -Horizontal Bearing Stress (10% f'c) 2,10 MPa
Rho Min. Horizontal 0,0018 Pure Shear Stress 0,65 MPa
Rho Max. Horizontal 0,0155
Actual Rho Horizontal 0,0026 Shrinkage and Temperature
Horiz. Heel Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 203,0 mm Max. spacing is 457,2 mm
Horiz. Toe Side Steel Bar Used #4 @ 305,0 mm Bar Spacing Bottom 348 mm
Area of Steel - Horizontal 322,7 mm^2 Bar Spacing Top 333 mm
Shear
Shear Demand (Vu) 79 kN/m Stem Wall Deflection
ShearCapacity (PhiVn) 181 kN/m Deflection Req. for Active State 4,56 mm
Approx. top of Stem Deflection 6,10 mm
Heel Design
Flexure Design for Active Ka

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Moment Demand (Mu) 91,6 kN-m/m
MomentCapacity (PhiMn) 152,7 kN-m/m
Rho Min. Heel 0,0018
Rho Max. Heel 0,0155
Actual Rho Used 0,0024
Heel Steel Used #5 @ 203,0 mm
Heel Area of Steel 300,3 mm^2
Shear
Shear Demand (Vu)
ShearCapacity (PhiVn)

Toe Design
M 200 kN/m
238 kN/m

Flexure
Moment Demand (Mu) 15,5 kN-m/m
MomentCapacity (PhiMn) 152,7 kN-m/m
Rho Min. Toe 0,0018
Rho Max. Toe 0,0155
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Actual Rho Used 0,0024
Toe Steel Used #5 @ 203,0 mm
Toe Area of Steel 300,3 mm^2
Shear
Shear Demand (Vu) 40 kN/m
ShearCapacity (PhiVn) 238 kN/m
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Table of Test Results - Stem Forces

Shear Shear Moment Moment

Stem Soil Demand Capacity Demand Capacity Slope / Stem
Node # Height, Pressure, Vu, PhiVn, Mu, PhiMn, Rotation Deflection,
mm kN/m^2 kN kN kN-m kN-m deg mm

1 0,0 0,0 0,0 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -6,101

2 81,2 -0,8 0,0 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -5,948
3 162,4 -1,6 0,0 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -5,796
4 243,6 -2,3 -0,1 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -5,643
5 324,8 -3,1 -0,2 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -5,491
6 406,0 -3,9 -0,2 -20,4 0,0 -9,5 0,430 -5,338
7 487,2 -4,7 -0,3 -20,4 -0,1 -9,5 0,430 -5,186
8 568,4 -5,5 -0,5 -20,4 -0,1 -9,5 0,430 -5,033
9 649,6 -6,2 -0,6 -20,4 -0,1 -9,5 0,430 -4,881
10 730,8 -7,0 -0,8 -20,4 -0,2 -9,5 0,430 -4,729
11 812,0 -7,8 -1,0 -20,4 -0,3 -9,5 0,430 -4,576
12 893,2 -8,6 -1,2 -20,4 -0,3 -9,5 0,429 -4,424
13 974,4 -9,3 -1,4 -20,4 -0,5 -9,5 0,429 -4,272
14 1055,6 -10,1 -1,6 -20,4 -0,6 -9,5 0,428 -4,120

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15 1136,8 -10,9 -1,9 -20,4 -0,7 -9,5 0,428 -3,968
16 1218,0 -11,7 -2,2 -20,4 -0,9 -9,5 0,427 -3,817
17 1299,2 -12,5 -2,5 -20,4 -1,1 -9,5 0,426 -3,666
18 1380,4 -13,2 -2,8 -37,8 -1,3 -61,9 0,429 -3,510
19 1461,6 -14,0 -3,1 -37,8 -1,5 -61,9 0,428 -3,358
20 1542,8 -14,8 -3,5 -37,8 -1,8 -61,9 0,428 -3,207
21 1624,0 -15,6 -3,9 -37,8 -2,1 -61,9 0,427 -3,055
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23
24
25
1705,2
1786,4
1867,6
1948,8
-16,4
-17,1
-17,9
-18,7
M -4,3
-4,7
-5,1
-5,6
-37,8
-37,8
-37,8
-37,8
-2,4
-2,8
-3,2
-3,6
-61,9
-61,9
-61,9
-61,9
0,426
0,426
0,425
0,424
-2,904
-2,753
-2,602
-2,452
26 2030,0 -19,5 -6,0 -37,8 -4,1 -61,9 0,422 -2,302
27 2111,2 -20,3 -6,5 -37,8 -4,6 -61,9 0,421 -2,153
28 2192,4 -21,0 -7,0 -37,8 -5,1 -61,9 0,420 -2,004
29 2273,6 -21,8 -7,6 -37,8 -5,7 -61,9 0,418 -1,855
30 2354,8 -22,6 -8,1 -37,8 -6,4 -61,9 0,416 -1,708
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31 2436,0 -23,4 -8,7 -37,8 -7,0 -61,9 0,414 -1,561
32 2517,2 -24,1 -9,3 -37,8 -7,8 -61,9 0,412 -1,414
33 2598,4 -24,9 -9,9 -37,8 -8,5 -61,9 0,409 -1,269
34 2679,6 -25,7 -10,5 -37,8 -9,4 -61,9 0,406 -1,125
35 2760,8 -26,5 -11,1 -55,2 -10,3 -32,7 0,419 -0,943
36 2842,0 -27,3 -11,8 -55,2 -11,2 -32,7 0,418 -0,795
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37 2923,2 -28,0 -12,5 -55,2 -12,2 -32,7 0,416 -0,647

38 3004,4 -28,8 -13,2 -55,2 -13,2 -32,7 0,414 -0,500
39 3085,6 -29,6 -13,9 -55,2 -14,3 -32,7 0,413 -0,354
40 3166,8 -30,4 -14,7 -55,2 -15,5 -32,7 0,411 -0,208
41 3247,9 -31,2 -15,4 -55,2 -16,7 -32,7 0,408 -0,063
42 3329,1 -31,9 -16,2 -55,2 -18,0 -32,7 0,406 0,081
43 3410,3 -32,7 -17,0 -55,2 -19,3 -32,7 0,404 0,225
44 3491,5 -33,5 -17,8 -55,2 -20,7 -32,7 0,401 0,367
45 3572,7 -34,3 -18,7 -55,2 -22,2 -32,7 0,398 0,509
46 3653,9 -35,1 -19,5 -55,2 -23,8 -32,7 0,395 0,650
47 3735,1 -35,8 -20,4 -55,2 -25,4 -32,7 0,392 0,789
48 3816,3 -36,6 -21,3 -55,2 -27,1 -32,7 0,388 0,927
49 3897,5 -37,4 -22,2 -55,2 -28,9 -32,7 0,385 1,064
50 3978,7 -38,2 -23,1 -55,2 -30,7 -32,7 0,381 1,200
51 4059,9 -38,9 -24,1 -55,2 -32,6 -32,7 0,377 1,334

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 Stem Forces

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 P-M Diagrams

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M References:
1. ACI 318-19: Building Code and Commentary
2. 2018 IBC: InternationalBuilding Code
3. Reinforced Concrete Fundamentals,5th ed.
Ferguson, Breen, & Jirsa, 1988, Wiley
4. Soil Mechanics : Principles and Applications
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Perloff and Baron, 1976, Ronald Press
5. The Design and Construction of Engineering
Foundations, 2nd ed, F.D.C. Henry, 1986,
Chapman and Hall
6. Geotechnical Engineering: FoundationDesign
John Cernica, 1995, Wiley
7. Foundation Analysis & Design, 1988, 4th Ed.
J.E. Bowles, McGraw-Hill
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8. Retaining Walls, EM 1110-2-2502,

Corps. of Engineers, 1961
9. Active and Passive Earth Pressure Coeficient Tables,
A.R. Jumikis, 1962, Rutgers State University
10. Engineering Design in Geotechnics, 2nd ed, F. Azizi, 2013
11. "BEAMANAL" Spreadsheet v2.5, Alex Tomanovich,P.E.
12. Modern Formulas for Statics and Dynamics:A Stress
and Strain Approach, Pilkey& Chuang, 1978
13. Geotechnical Engineering & Soil Testing,
Al-Khafaji & Andersland, 1992, Saunders
14. The Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook,
SP-17(14), Vol. 2, ACI
15. "Narrow Backfill lateral earth pressure",
Al-Hassan, Katkhuda and Barghouti, JEA conference
16. Australian Standard, Earth Retaining Structures,
AS 4678-2002with AmendmentNo. 1.
17. Canadian Code, 6th Edition, A23.3-2014
Design of Concrete Structures
18. SoilStructure Software: Retaining Wall v4.0.0

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