“Haven’s Light is Our Guide”

Rajshahi University of Engineering

And Technology, RUET

Department of Electrical and Electronic

Engineering (EEE)

A Project Proposal on Temperature

Controlled Electronic Fan Using ATmega8
Microcontroller and LM35 Temperature
Sensor
September 2019

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Name: Shafin Al Asad Protic Md. Rakibul Islam

Roll: 1501099 Assistant Professor, Department of
EEE-15 Industrial and Production
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Engineering, RUET

INDEX:
Sl. No Title Page No.
1 Executive Summary 3
2 Organization Description 3
3 Project Background 3
4 Problem Statement 4
5 Objectives 4
6 Beneficiaries 5
7 Methodology 5
8 Budget 7
9 Monitoring & Evaluation 8
10 Sustainability 8
11 Anxieties 8
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1. Executive Summary:
Now-a-day’s technology is running with time, it completely occupied the
life style of human beings. Even though there is such an importance for
technology in our routine life there are even people whose life styles are very far
to this well known term technology. So it is our responsibility to design few
reliable systems which can be even efficiently used by them. Automatic Room
Temperature Controlled Fan Speed Controller is one of them. The developed
system provides an environment in which no user needed to control the fan
speed. Automatically control the fan speed by sensing the room temperature.
These fascinating efforts to create intelligent system are to provide human being
a more convenient life.
The project will be developed by me (a student of Electrical & Electronic
Engineering, RUET). The prototype testing and circuit implementation might be
performed at Electronics Lab of Electrical & Electronic Engineering of RUET. I may
require one month to complete the project.

2. Organization Description:
This project will be performed under the supervision of Electrical &
Electronic Engineering (EEE) department of Rajshahi University of Engineering &
Technology (RUET), Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh.

3. Project Background:
Simplifying our lives with temperature automation has been a priority since
the 1600’s. Cornelis Drebbel, a Dutch innovator, invented a thermostat and used
it to hatch chicken eggs. The design was simple – a tube filled with quicksilver
connected to a damper. When the temperature increased, the air expanded,
pushed the quicksilver up, and closed the damper. When the temperature
dropped, the quicksilver would fall and the damper would open, allowing hot air
to enter.
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Today we have harnessed the power of the thermostat to not only simplify
our life, but also make us more comfortable, increase efficiency, and save on
electricity costs. Automated climate control systems for large diameter fans utilize
thermostats as a temperature sensor to identify and dictate optimal operating
speed and direction.

4. Problem Statement:
Problem 1: Generally, Many electronic devices produce heat during its
operation. Overheating can damage the electronic device and can reduce its
longevity. Overheating can also create serious safety issue in some case. So this
heat should be reduced in order to protect the device. There are many ways to
reduce this heat. One way is to switch on the fan spontaneously. But it is
desirable or sometime essential to turn ON/OFF the cooling fan automatically
based on the temperature of the device.
Problem 2: The ceiling fans used in our home or office are not smart
enough to maintain its speed according to the room temperature. So it is
desirable to maintain its automatically based on the room temperature.

5. Objectives:
1. The aim of this project is to design a temperature controlled fan using
ATmega8 microcontroller, in which the fan is automatically turned ON or
OFF according to the temperature.
2. To interface the LCD display and LM35 temperature sensor with ATmega8
microcontroller.
3. To study the basic architecture of ATmega8 microcontroller and the basic
functions LM35 temperature sensor and LCD display.
4. To calibrate the LM35 temperature sensor correctly.
5. To implement the project in PCB board.
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6. Beneficiaries:
Any people who uses fan at home, office or any other place can use the
proposed project to automatically control the speed of fan based on the
environment temperature. So mass-people will be the main beneficiaries of this
project. Many electronic device require cooling fan to protect the device from
overheating and ensure its longevity. The proposed technique can be used to
automatically turn cooling fan ON/OFF.

7.Methodology:
The project works on the principle of Analog to Digital Conversion. The
main principle of the circuit is to switch on the fan connected to DC motor when
the temperature is greater than a threshold value.
The microcontroller continuously reads temperature from its surroundings.
The temperature sensor acts as a transducer and converts the sensed
temperature to electrical value. This is analog value which is applied to the ADC
pin of the microcontroller.
The ATmega8 microcontroller has six multiplexed ADC channels with 10 bit
resolution. The analog value is applied to one of the input ADC pins. Thus
conversion occurs internally using successive approximation method.
For ADC conversion, internal registers should be declared. The ADC pin
outputs a digital value. This is compared with the threshold value by the
controller which switches the fan if value is greater than threshold.

How Temperature Controlled DC Fan Circuit using Microcontroller Works?

1. Initially switch the power supply.

2. Microcontroller starts reading the temperature of the surroundings.
3. The analog value of temperature is given by the temperature sensor.
4. This analog value is applied to the analog to digital converter pin of the
micro controller.
5. This analog value is converted to the digital value by the microcontroller
using successive approximation method internally.
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6. When the temperature is greater than the threshold value, microcontroller

sends a command to the controller to switch the motor.
7. Thus fan starts rotating.

LM35: The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure
temperature. The output voltage of this sensor is proportional to the temperature
in degree Centigrade. The output voltage of the LM35 will vary at a rate of 10mV
per degree Celsius.
Usually, the range of the LM35 temperature sensor is from -55 deg C to
+150 deg C. To measure this full range of temperatures i.e. from negative range to
positive range, we need to connect an external resistor between the data pin and
a negative supply of Vcc.
Any way, we are not going to consider the negative temperature range in
this project. So, under normal operating conditions, we can measure the
temperature in the range from +2 deg C to +150 deg C.

ADC: All the parameters of nature are of analog i.e. most of the data in the
real world is characterised by analog signals. In order to manipulate the real world
data using a microprocessor or a microcontroller, we need to convert the analog
signals to the digital signals, so that the processor or controller will be able to
read, understand and manipulate the data. Atmega8 has internal Analog to digital
converter.
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Fig.1.1: Circuit Diagram of Project

8. Budget:
Sl Component Name Per piece Price Quantity (Pic) Price (tk)
no (tk)
1 Atmega8 90 1 90.00
2 LM293D 200 1 200.00
3 LM35 30 1 30.00
4 DC Motor 500 1 500.00
5 AVR Burner 650 1 650.00
6 CCB 100 1 100.00
7 Feric Cloride 60 1 60.00
8 Other Equipments 500 1 500.00
Total Price = 2130.00
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9. Monitoring & Evaluation:

The project will be monitored and evaluated by Electronics Lab of EEE
department of RUET.

10. Sustainability:
The speed controller circuit is mainly capable of handling any kind of DC
motor. AC Motors can also be controlled by using proper power electronics driver
circuit.

11. Anxieties:
Micro controller is the heart of the circuit, if controller is damaged the
whole system will be interrupted. Speed control is independent of individual
preference.